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Show SECTION THREE SATURDAY OCTOBER 1(1 1020 EIGHT CITY UTAH SALT LAKE , PAGES CombineWith Annual Working Behind Veil of Anonymity, Magnate Are Spending Millions a Year in Fighting Nationalization Among Great Coal Owner, One of the Biggett, a Woman, i Head of Make Fifteen Output of Six Million Tons A Welth Baron uGolden Mile" Defendant of Ancient Welth King Draw $200,000 a Year from 1J60 Yard of Railway Another Baron Dollars Every Hour Out of Coed Lord Joicey, Miner Son and ice Boy, Said to be World Largest and Richest Coal Owner. Ex-O- ff (Special Correipondence.) .,ooNpON, Oct. The Coal Klngg- . of Britain .are leadlnx protagnn-latin tha fiercest drama in thg history ef Britlah Industry. They a . ' Y- !, - - I u.ps it f 'I I are menaced by dispoaaeatlon of their fabulously profitable holdings if nationalization of the mines becomes an accomplished fact. But who are the Coal Kings? ' !e a curious circumstance that though the names of the miners leaders Robert Smillie, Trank Hodges, Vernon' Hartshorn and the rest have become all too familiar to the Man in the o ft , Street, the personalities behind ths fightagainst state ownership of the mines are virtually unknown to the public. mid all the unrest and fierce political strug-gl- e centering around Britains basic industry, the miners opponents work behind a curtain of anonymity. They fight vigorously and with subtle weapons through the agency of a powerful publicity organization which has the simple title of the Coal Association. They are now spending millions of dollars a year on various forms of propaganda- eb Yet no labor or trade organization appears able to supply a list of the chief men behind the coal industry. Even the miners, as a class, are ignorant as to the personalities against whom they OMOO in number. Chief among them is a woman, Vis-- I countess Rhondda, who, I suppose, must be referred to as a Queen, for surely she cannot be af King. With two men, she controls most of the South Wales coalfields, rich in the finest steam coal in the world. She inherits from her father, who organ-- , iaed Englands food supply during the war and died from the effects of his efforts to save the nation from famine. Workers. jine speaker and a gracious Hostess. lei wnn and all Tier chxrnrshe has all thr r famous father whose jnoat trusted keenness lieutenant she was for many years. Her adventures in commerce have, been varied by adventures of a more exciting kind. She was rescued from the Lusitania with her father, and, without him, was once arrested as a suffragette for setting fire to a letter box. ' She has paid several visits Jo America, where she also has extensive interests. Of the other two great Welsh magnates little is generally known. One of them, D. R, Llewellyn, has come into prominenee tuily'since theWHrrNaw hi Js quietly getting control of many of the best Welsh pits. The third big Welsh coal owner is H. Seymour Berry. He is a leading newspaper proprietor as well as a mine owner. With his brothers he nowwns the London Sunday .Times, the daily and the weekly Graphic the Bystander and other leading periodicals. hard-headedne- ss of-he- 4 Lady Jlhondda, who. has been described. as a- woman, is on the boards of over thirty important companies. She is deputy chair-- , man of two large South Wales coal companies. When her father gave up his business activities become president of the local government board during the war he was actively associated with twenty-fiv- e coal, steel, shipping and railway concerns. The son of a he built up the . BARONS GOLDEN MILE. t Cambrian Combine which owns twenty-tw- o of the most valuable pits in South Wales, and has also The mine owners have, as close allies in their interests in coal and limbering, big shipping every .fight, the royalty owners. These own the land and branch of and distribution. extract a tax from the coal companies based on the D. A. Thomas, the Welsh M. , became the output. This tax- - averages about twelve cents a Welsh Coal Napoleon and for his services to the ton and brings in jsome $30,000,000 for the landed state was created a viscount. It was typical of interests every year. the man that he took his title from the unlovely Among the' great land .owners in South Wales Welsh mining valley, the Rhondda, from which who get a thumping income from mining royalties be had also taken his enormous wealth. To his are Lord Tredegar and, the Marquis of Bute. Lord title and his estates his daughter has succeeded. Tredegar is said to draw $200,000 a year from one She is no unworthy successor. Today Lady mile o i railway alone. It is called The Golden Rhondda, as head of the Cambrian Colliery ComMile. He gets ton for ton for all the coal that bine, controls mines with - a capital of nearly passe over it. twenty million dollars, an annual output of six Descended from the ancient kings of Wales, minion tons, a yearly wage bill of fifteen million he owns 40,000 acres, three fine seats and a . dollars and an army of workers numbering about splendid London house.' His family goes back to 80,000. She also controls firms making drugs, Caradoc or Caratacus who was taken prisonef pianos, and soda water, and has interests in insurwhen the Romans overran Wales. . The fortunes of ance and shipping. ' , his family, the Morgans, began to rise when a In Monmouthshire she has two castles which Morgan of the seventeenth century found coal in -- super-busine- ss ' ! coal-owne- r, coal-getti- ng Independence for his estates. This discovery made them one of the wealthiest families in the country as they are one of the oldest, with an ancestry that goes back more than a thousand years. The late Lord Tred- egaT, uncle of the present . , baron, yode. jn tha charge of the Light Brigade at Balaclava. The Marquis of Bute has sold many of his cpal interests in South Wales but he stilj retains He possesses eleven titles of Borne royalty rights. in Scotland and a private acres 120,000 nobility, residence that cost $3,500,000. When he came into his titles he inherited - some $30,000000, - made chiefly in the Cardiff docks which are largely de- pendent on the coal trade for their prosperity., 'Dunng"lhe war heoIned the Inns of Court O. T. C. as a ranker and was known as Private Stuart. Among his possessions are the islands of the Greater Cumbrae and tha Lesser Cumbraa A story is told of a clergyman of the old days who e used to pray for the Greater and Lesser and the adjacent islands of Great Britain and . From Cardiff alone the Marquis reIreland. ceives $560,000 a year. He also has coal mines in Glamorganshire and 21,000 acres of land. For the rest he is a descendant of Robert the Second of Scotland and his father was the Lothair of great novel. His total income is well over $1,000,000 a year. Another titled coal king is the Duke of Northumberland. It is Said that he draws $15 every hour out of coal. The Duke gave evidence before the Sankey Commission, set up by. the government to inquire into the coal question, ajid had a hot duel of words .with Bob Smillie, the mens leader. "As a coal owner, what service do you per- form to the community? he was asked. This was the reply: As the owner of coal I do not think I perform any service to the community not as the owner of the coal1 . The Duke is an uncompromising opponent of Socialism and has lately been cited for libel .as a result of an article he wrote for the. Morning Post. The owner of nearly 200,000 acres, he is descended from the famous "Hotspur, lds P-- ' Bop, Cum-ora- " . . ik - to tto Warlla Kla CaaV Ml lllcbeat Coal Owaeg. Be Start e4 LJfo oa Here is a point from the Coal Commission evidence which the miners are using in their campaign. It vas a question from the chairman to the leader of the Scottish mine workers, who asked if a town r individual took a piece of ground from the Duke and paid an annual rent the Duke on the Some $6,000,000 were spent making Claimed the right ,to take coal from underneath 7 one of the Alnwick Castle", jihow-family, seat, m( thus let down the house without com pen sa- has the The Dukes of Europe. family places ' The answer was Yes. tfon; buried be to inr snd married Tight hereditary VI . .Westminster a year-frosuppose you consider that to be intolera- -. Abbey. He draws $20,000 ble, said the chairman. one colliery alone and his rent roll is worth , The was answer reche in is Earl the over $800,000. affirmative. Percy, vigorously Formerly Sir Adam Nimmo Is of the Minognized ap a great military expert, and was one. ing Association of Great Britain and director of of the two British Eye Witnesses at the front several important companies. He Is a Glasgow in the early days of the war, Later, when he had become Duke of North- - man with all the shrewdness of the Scotsman. Maurice umberland, he succeeded r Major-GenerHUGE COST OF NATIONALIZATION. as the weekly war office lecturer to the AmeriThere arc other Coal Kings, butthese are the can correspondents in London, and., took . them "Iromendlo enjli the Battle front with a detailed "chief. The British 'coal owners number over 1,400, but of these, 434 deal with an output of under 2,00(1 knowledge that never .was at fault. He is now tons a year. The number of mines is about 3,000. ' recognized as the arch opponent and has been one of the bitterest and most damaging critics of The 1,400 coal owners include companies as well as individuals. The entire industry has, since the Robert . Smillie, president of. the Miners' Federawar, been under government control. It is estition and leading advocate of Nationalization.- mated by one expert that to buy it wpild mean the MINERS SON COAL KING." , d expenditure of $4,600,000,000, of which The. other great coal owner of the north of would represent the value, of the royalties. Pres- - ' England is Lord Joicey., He .started life as an ent profits are at the rate of $450,000,000 a year office boy. Today he rejoices in the nickname gross, with a state guarantee of a net profit of of Old King Coal. His father was a Newcastle h $30,000,000 'with of any remaining prodhrfneer and he himself won his way to a peerage fits. The capital sunk in coal mines is roughly aid a place on the lists of Englands millionaires $675,000,000 with an annual output of 270,000,000 (a $5,000,000 standard) by sheer hard work arid tons. business brains. His firm some years ago took a The miners propose to nationalize the mines lease of Lord Durhams pits and paid well over by distributing government stock according to the mine owners holdings, giving an interest $5,000,000 for it. It is said that the profit in little equal to more than two years paid off the capital cost. government, loan stock. This stock would be reTwo pit ponies and two miners picks are endeemable at par By the treasury. The miners shrined on his He has been do- -' would give no compensation to owners of royalscribed as the worlds largest and richest coal ties, while the colliery shareholders, who have been owner, and he la proud erf -- the fact that hia father getting dividends ranging from 10 to 40 per cent, I once worked in a Tyneside colliqry. Entering the would receive the usual government rate," which offices of a colliery owner, he became a partner would not be more than 6. Mr. Justice Sankey before he was thirty. recommended nationalization by easy stages, but If you want to succeed you must save, ia , his scheme included royalty owners In the comon of his business maxims. He practiced it and A ., pensation terms. proved it. CROSSLEY DAVIES. The purchase by "young Joicey of the lease (Copyright, 1920, by the Edward Marshal. Synof Lord Durhams pits and the Earls fleet of col- dicate, Inc.) Ur Jtlwr, toll Vtawiatn UnUa, Poatrala CaaiUaa Will Capital f $30,000,00, Oetpat at Taaa, aai Over r - , ble pits in the Durham coalfield. It is typical of the fight between the mine owners and the fmners thattheir personal relations are not embittered by it. Between Lord Joicey, for example, andjthose who work for hip, there have always been cordial feeling and it is no uncommon thing for the baron to pay unexpected calls at the homes of his miners and to have tea with them. , A newly created peer. Lord Gainaford, also figures as a great coal owner. He ia the head of the wealthy Pease family and has big interests In the north! He and his relatives have ten mines in Durham and Yorkshire hnd other collieries elsewhere with an annual output of 1,600,000 tons of coal. Before he sunk his identity in a peerage, he was a well known Liberal politician and minister. - In Scotland, where Ir. Smillie comes from, the outstanding coal magnates ere the Duke of Hamilton and Sir Adam Nimmo. The premier pen In the Scottish peerage, head of the Douglases, and holder of many titles, the Duke' of Hamilton owns one of the three private palaces of Scotland. The estates, about 157,000 acres, with much mineral wealth, are in trust under the will of the twelfth Duke. The present Duke, who was in his early days a lieutenant in the navy and married the daughter of a commoner, takes no part in public life, but the Duchess has done muck for the peasantry and in some cases brought prosperity to ScottisL villages by setting up local industries such as home lace-makin- are waging a warfare that seemingly will have no end until the mines are handed over to the state. The reason la not that these things are beyond finding out, but that the fight is one of principle and not of' persons. . . . T. en a are ,n , en-infl - ' d , arwiae her steamers was one of the biggest coal deals ever known. Soon after that he made another coop. He became tha owner of some of. the moat valua- to Ot-fl- eo nt - al one-thir- one-tent- coat-of-arm- s. Eypt Seems at Last Near at Hand . . , Britith House of Commons Assembles October 19 to Learn Term Agreed UponbyLordMilnerandZaglulPatha British to Evacuate Army of Occupation Withdraw From Cairo to Canal and British "Advisers" to Give Up Job "Capitulation to Go, and Britith High Commissioner to Exercise Veto on Legislation J Affecting Foreigners Under Future Regime Treaty of Alliance to F ollow Between Independent Egyptian Government and Britith Government, Securing Britain Right to Gan Ison the Suez Canal, (Special Correspondence.) Oct. 7. The nous of assembles on October one of tbe first items ea Its autumn agenda it tha tentative agreement between tbs Milner commission and Saad Pasha Zaglul. acting for4 ths Egyptian Nationalists The agreement has yet to pass. the Egyptian legislative assembly and has then ts bs approved by the British London, Parliament. - Many awkward corners are Will ahead of ft as this article is being written, .tint the fact that lord Milner dud Zagiul Pasha have. been able to rearh a tentaffte agreement ts hlghy promising. We are justified as con cluding for the present that a new era new era. A country whose interna- own diplomatic representatives abroad, may have been opened in Egypt and tional .status si one 1112 has defied No treaties are to be mada at VerUnce that the blunder of 1112 which exiled definition, jiae at last succeeded In ith British policy, and In countries Arabl Pasha after the battle ef setting its house in order. Egypt where na Egyptian representative is la at this late day to be set right. stands on the verge of actual Indeappointed, the British representative will represent Egypt., For centuries among other Arabs, pendence Conditions tb The csfitujslions, 1. e, agreements Brleflr agreed upon tha Egyptians have borne the reputad tion of being a cowardly people. Tet between lord Milner and Zaglul are Which foreign governments have uith Egypt at one time or .anthey proved In the Egyptian Insurrec- as follows: Independence fa to be other are to be abolished: the equivation of last yesr, aa In Arabia a revolt Egyptian In 1111, that thev ran fight with the recognised br Great Britain who guar- lent veto en legislation affecting forOther Arabs antees Egypt a Integrity against out- eigners will bs vested In the British courage of desperation call tb-- m pig-on- s. yet they display the side aggression and on account of he. . hlrh commissioner. tenariiv of eagles. They can be asi privileged position Will hais access toi .Ther;a will be no more BrUisji A ministries t as their Pphin as silent asJEgvpign territory in case of war risers in ths il maintain a gar-- 1 British official Egvptjfn Britain will he kppomted ts their Nile Tet even tbeir Nile has, ttske over and rarry out ths otrsions been known, to.burs? its hanks jyison in She tuej ('ansi tons wa foreign j of tbe public det com truss, on and as-i- n wi I control Todsv however, the eldest, country Hgtpt a non affecting the world wands on tha brink of at p1 -- and hats the right to send her! o- - her to took after er I Grt f hr foreigners Tha rlghU of present British effl- els Is are to be safeguarded ; (pose desiring ts resign ars to be generousAll British officials ly compensated. hereafter retained or s pfiolnted will be responsible to ths Egyptian heads of theip respective departments Basts FVr a CofiMtJtaUnn. The final agrsement, which alii He negotiated between properly accredited representatives of the tea governments, will be submitted for confirmation to tbs British parlismcnt and the Egyptian national asserbhlr It Is fcighx probai is bst the Egyptian naw to a asked pass assembly wit) be. w organic Jaw embodying ths n-- agreement and laying down the fu- ganlo law promulgated In July ture constitution of the country. but has not ant since Its first sessionj These points, ft should be empha- as It was suspended during the who! sised, are only an outline of the period of ths war. Probably th ia agreement which It Ur hoped an Inde- tfnjs new delegates will have by, to b pendent Egypt finally will enter Into elected to tha national assembly aa llh the British government. terms fry which th the Many details remain to be worked delegate to the first aeasion werw out during hhe negotiations which elected, long ago have expired will pre ede tha drawing Each after the treaty f aiHanee up and of the actus' treaty, of a'li-ihbeen ratified bv the sirning as--i a nee This' if it f nal! etentuaies Iwinblv and by th British national parliament will be drs wn up bv du'y accredited p cannot cemW irto forrw.iint( dr legate of tb British and Egyptian the eplfiXTIona are abolished go ernments and wHi have to be sub- The abol of the rapitulatinns milted for apprnvhl to a will free ths hand - of tbe f gyp law national assfmbl). Tbta government in regard to taxation, Egyptian or. assembly same Into eisnre in No-ertern ber, l12-'b- y n virtu of ths (Continued. paga eight) m two-yea- ar as tn |
