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Show V Obituaries Fall PUBLIC NOTICES gardening when the snow flies, intermountain gardens go into hibernation and there is no time to play catch-u- p for gardening assignments left undone. The October issue of Sunset Magazine suggests two projects that should help gardeners prepare now for the cold months ahead. All woody plants, even deciduous one and conifers, transpire (give off Public Notice Advertising Protects Your Right to Know! moisture) slowly through their leaves or twigs during winter NOTICE TO WATER USERS - The ; . following applications , have been filed with the State Engineer to appropriate water ir Sanpete County throughout the i3-28- I 1 1 Some used to 1 7, 1 984 9 believe peppers would thrive if planted by a redhead. According to Sunsets Intermountain Garden Guide, one thorough watering before the ground freezes is usually enough to carry trees and shrubs trough the winter. Two out of three adults wears glasses at some time. No. 3 II . . . This Is the third lecture In the Straight Talk D aeriee sponsored by Snow College and the Utah Endowment far the Humanities. David Larsen, an Instructor of religion and sciences at Waaatch Academy, will defend his remarks, and answer questions from the audience at 8 p.m. on October 23, In the Snow College Little Theatre 115 Noyes. All Straight Talk lectures are free. in SLB&M (A60221) ICANT: Karen L. McNurlin P.O. 814, Gunnison, Ut. QUANTITY: 0.015 CFS. SOURCE: 6 in. well 100ft to 400 ft.deep. OF POINT(S) DIVERSION: (1) N. 1287 ft, W. 2300 ft, from SE Cor. Sec. 36, T18S, R1E (3 miles W of Sterling) PURPOSE AND PERIOD OF USE: Domestic: 1 family Stockwatering: 64 head of livestock; Irrigation: From Apr 1 to Oct 31, total acreage 0.25 acs. PLACE OF USE: W12SE14, Sec. 36, T18S, R1E. Protests resisting the granting of this application with reasons therefore must be filed in duplicate with the State Engineer, 1636 West North Temple, Salt Lake City, Utah 84116 on or before November 17 1984. especially if there are drying winds. If the plants dont have enough moisture stored in their tissues before the ground freezes, they can desiccate and die from lack of water. Snow College Straight Talk entire year unless otherwise 'imlonated. Locations The Salina Sun, Wednesday, Oct. -- . Dee C. Hansen. P.E. STATE ENGINEER Published in Gunnison Valley News on Oct. 3, 10, & 17, 1984 NOTICE OF BONDS TO BE ISSUED NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN pursuant to the provisions of Section Utah Code Annotated (1953), as amended, that on October 15, 1984, the City 4, Council of Salina City, Sevier County, Utah accepted the offer of the State of Utah, Board of Water Resources, to purchase at par an Irrigation Refunding I amount Water Revenue Bond of the principal in $325,000 (the "Refunding Bond"), to be dated as of July 1, 1984, and to bear interest on the unpaid principal balance at the rate of five percent per annum from the date of delivery of said Bond. Gladys C. Sorensen Gladys Christensen Sorensen, 85, died Oct. 13, 1984. She was bom Dec. 16, 1898 in Mayfield, Utah to Hyrum C. and Elsina Sorensen Christensen. She married Niels A. Sorensen, Nov. 15, 1922 in the Manti LDS TGemple. He preceded her in death June 19, 1979. She served in many church positions, including Relief Society Presidency, MIA Presidency, and 43 years in the Primary. Survivors include one son, three daughters, Neil H., May-fielMrs. Max (Thelma) Mellor, Fayette; Mrs. Glade A. (Glenna) Peterson, Murray; Mrs. Robert M. (Joyce) Graham, Salt Lake City; 15 grandchildren, 27 greatgrandchildren; one brother, two sisters, Croft Christensen, May-fielEdra Vest, Mayfield; and Laura Bradfield, Lynndyl. Funeral services will be held TODAY, Oct. 17, at 1 p.m. in the Mayfield Ward Chapel where friends may call one hour prior to services. Interment will be in the Mayfield Cemetery. d; d; Refunding Bond, City Council of the Municipality adopted on October 1 5, 1 984, is to be issued for the purpose of e. those swaggering toward slaughter. If you say, But we knew nothing about this, (the response, by the way, of many German soldiers and citizens after WWII) does not he who weighs the heart perceive it? . . . Will he not repay each In other words, if you person according to what he has done? (Prov. 24: see injustice being done and do nothing to intervene, the implication is that you will be judged as a participant in the injustice. Indeed, we recoil at such a response as in the recent trial in New England of the bystanders in a bar who and as she watched and cheered as a woman was repeatedly raped screamed for help. The bystanders may not have been found guilty of participating (in our courts), but very few would commend them for their Christian commitment to refunding the Municipality's Water Irrigation 11-1- Revenue Bonds, Series B, in the putstanding principal sum of I The specific question that I have been asked to deal with is, Is war ever (and particularly in the 20th century given the potential for justifiable? nuclear destruction). The dilemma confronting us is expressed by Helmut Gollwitzer when he asks, How can you obey the (Biblical) message about to use force or even kill other loving God and ones neighbor, when one has is nor is it people to maintain order and justice?l (It not the purpose of this paper to discuss or attempt to prove the veracity within the scope of the Biblical stories and claims, but the Bible will be used as a source for moral values and judgments.) The question posed by Gollwitzer is not an easy question, and the answers have probably never been unanimously agreed upon. The typical pacifist response or position has been largely (though certainly influence. As far as or some religious not only) the result of a Christian can be ascertained historically, the early Christians were primarily pacifists up until the time of the first "Christian emperor, Constantine. The roots of Christian pacifism, echoed in Gollwitzers question, are seen in Jesus words to his disciples, I tell you . . . love your enemies, do good to those who hate who mistreat you. If someone you, bless those who curse you, pray for those strikes you on one cheek, turn to him the other also. (Lk. 6:27-29- ) Though and there has certainly been much debate over the meaning of these words it should be noted that they speak certainly many reject them completely Whether or not Jesus intended these only directly to situations of words to also apply to the defense of others has been hotly debated. Unfortunately, the answer is not clear, nor easily arrived at. who stops to help pursuant to a Resolution of the $325,000 must be preceded by an the Ethics of War The topic to be discussed ethics or the standards of term the of of the meaning understanding and it will be presumed by conduct and moral judgment. It must be agreed this author that there are moral standards of behavior that apply to all absolutes, if you will. For if morality is only that which is culturally people discussion. In that case, it may have acceptable, then we have no real basis for been right for Hitler to attempt to annihilate the Jews, because they were socially unacceptable to him. It must be clear that, although killing has been "justified for different reasons at different times and by different peoples, and never can be the random murder of anyone at anytime has never been and search for some moral morally justifiable. We must allow for ethics. standards of behavior Jesus tells the story to his disciples of the good Samaritan as the one person the victim of a beating and robbery. He is the true good neighbor. Unforunately, Jesus did not say what the true good neighbor would have done had he arrived at the scene while the beating was taking place. I believe though, that there are some strong hints available. One is found in Proverbs. It states, Rescue those being led away to death; hold back (5) The ;$325,000. The Refunding Bond is in installments of principal plus accrued interest as follows: . A. On March 1,1985, accrued interest only on the unpaid principal balance of the Refunding Bond shall be dur and payable. B. On March 1 , 1 986, and on each anniversary date thereafter, payable e. In Proverbs we are not told directly to intervene physically or violently, but from from perfect people, our perfect world with far choices are not always black and white. Sometimes we must choose what apparently is the lesser of two evils, and occasionally the use of violence seems necessary to bring about justice. Jesus makes the statement to his disciples that, Greater love has no one than this, that one lay down his life for his friends. (Jn. 15:13) Though he was speaking in part of his impending crucifixion in which he would lay down his life, he is also making a general statement. Admittedly, the statement does not say that love is willing to kill someone else in order to protect a friend, but the willingness to sacrifice yourself may seemingly necessitate using violence. If the shepherd guarding his flock simply stands in front of the wolf which is seeking to kill a sheep and he offers no resistance, the result may likely be his own demise, followed by the death of many sheep, as there is now no one thereto protect them. Dietrich Bonhoeffer, a theologian of this century, put to death in Hitlers prisons, wrote much on pacifism or He stated, the only way to overcome evil is to let it run itself to a standstill because it does not find the resistance it is looking for. 2 Yet when Bonhoeffer later encountered the evils of Adolph Hitler, he apparently began to struggle with his own interpretation. He did not live in an ideal world and he found himself concluding that it was not only his task to look after the victims of a madman who drives a car in a crowded street, but also to do all in his power to stop his driving at all. 3 Bonhoeffer was eventually put to death in a German prison for his part in a plot to kill Hitler. in this far the Municipality will pay consecutive annual installments of principal and interest of $42,088.89, which amount shall be sufficient to fully pay the principal and interest on the f Bond Refunding by March 1, 1995. A 1 1 of the Refunding Bond, i s on file in the office of the City Recorder of said Municipality in Salina City, Utah, where it may be examined during regular business hours of the City Recorder from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. for a period of at least thirty (30) days from and after date of the publication of this notice. NOTICE IS FURTHER GIVEN that a period of thirty (30) days from and after the date of the publication of this notice is by law which any person in interest shall have the right to contest the legality of the d Bond Resolution of the City Council adopted on October 1 5, 1 984, or the provided in above-describe- Bond of said Refunding Municipality authorized thereby, or any provision made for the security and payment of the Refunding Bond, and that after such time, no one shall have any cause of action to contest the regularity, formality or legality thereof for any cause whatsoever. DATED this 1 5th day of t I I I October, 1 984. Gayle Nielsen City Recorder Published in the Salina Sun October 7, 984. 1 1 PUBLIC NOTICE , j : 1 J ' Aldous Whitlock copy of the Bond Resolution adopted on October 5, 984, by the City Council authorizing the issuance and confirming the sale There will be a Public Hearing on the ammendments to the Area Plan on Aging for the Six County Commissioners Organization on October 1 8, 1 984, in connection with the regular Advisory Council Meeting at 1 0:00 a.m. at the Gunnison Senior Center. The public is invited to attend and to comment. Published in The Salina Sun Oct. 10, and 17. 1984. 6 What is the annihilate the enemy, but to force the enemy to make peace. purpose of nuclear weapons and how can they be used justly? The Ethics of War by David Larsen Aldous Q. Whitlock, 68, died October 14, 1984 in the Gunnison Valley Hospital. He was bom to Royal and Lillie Olson Whitlock. He married Katherine Jensen on january 27, 1950 in the Manti Temple. He attended Snow College and BYU and was a graduate of LDS Business College. He was in the hardware and farm implement business for many years. He was a Veteran of World War II. Survivors include his wife, Gunnison; one son and three daughters, Kurt, West Jordan; Mrs. James (Shauna) Anderson, East Ely, Nevada; Linda, Manti; Mrs. Rees (Pamela) Rasmussen, Manti; 10 grandchildren; two brothers and three sisters, Royal, Gunnison; Glen, Salt Lake; Alice Tollestrup, Ontario, Oregon; Genevieve Stevenson, Boise, Idaho; and Beth Foard, Salt Lake. Utah Arts deadline Friday, October is the deadline for the Utah Citizens for the Arts Utah Arts Poster Competition. Open to all Utah visual artists, including painters, graphic designers, photographers, printmakers and illustrators, the Poster Competition is seeking and original design expressing Utahs artistic excellence and diversity. The selected artist will receive $1,000 and two round-tri- p tickets to Hawaii. Entned will be judged on the basis of design quality, the ability to 19 represent Utahs artistic spectrum and the ability for the entry to be reproduced. Entries may be mailed or delivered to the Salt Lake Arts Council, 54 Finch Lane, Salt Lake City, Utah 84102 until 6:00 p.m., October 19. For a Utah Poster Competition entry form or additional information on Utah Citizens for the Arts, please contact Kim Duffin at e. It would certainly seem then, that the use of force, though undesirable, may to defend those less able. Indeed, this is be necessary to bring about justice certainly the concept behind our police forces. Very few pacifists advocate the removal of all police forces. And as Gollwitzer points out, Just as the police are essential for the maintenance of justice and peace at home, so the 4 However, in army is essential to maintain justice and peace outside. neither case, is violence ever justified unconditionally. The question confronting us is, what are the criteria for justifiable war? Historically, there have been many formulations of just war theories or guidelines. Basically, they are extensions of the ethics that apply to formulation of a just-wa- r policy is individuals. Perhaps the most that given by Augustine, Bishop of Hippo. The basic conditions he established are that a just war must be just in its Intent (i.e. to restore peace and justice) and its disposition, and that it must be just in its conduct. Wanton violence, looting, massacre, vengeance, atrocities and particularly, attacking civilians were always forbidden. W ar might be necessary in order to or restore justice, to protect those less able, to prevent cruelties, but even war cannot justify unconditional violence. Unfortunately, history has taught us (or should have) that practice rarely matches theory. And though war has perhaps been occasionally justifiable, it has almost never been just. Indeed, war has almost always been fought simply because of mans greed. The New Testament asks, What causes (wars) and quarrels among you? Dont they come from your desires that battle within you? You want something but dont get it. You kill and covet, but you cannot have what you want. (James During the American Revolution, colonists invoked the Rationale that Puritans had used against the monarchs in England: God willed it. So have Americans talked about the War of 1812, the Mexican War in 1846, the Civil War (on both sides), the War, and World War I. World War I fervor to fever pitch with added dashes of heightened crusading patriotism. The American church was virtually of one mind on the rightness of the national cause. 5 Yet, virtually none of these wars was actually fought to defend weak and innocent people from brutal treatment. Nearly all were fought primarily for financial or territorial gains, with the possible exception of the Civil War (though it was certainly fought for financial reasons by the South). Yet, even if the Civil War could fit the criteria for a "justifiable war (from the perspective of the North) it was certainly not fought justly. Armies from the North civilians, ruthlessly killed and destroyed anyone and anything in its path property, goods, livestock, and soldiers. However good the intentions of men, war has usually brought out some of the worst in the behavior of those involved. The atrocities committed in the name of justice from the Crusades through World War II have been appalling. We are faced today, however, with an even more difficult dilemma: The of place of nuclear weapons in the defense justice. Though we have sought to defense of justice, we have also the in war show that may be justifiable attempted to state that this does not ethically allow the use of violence unconditionally. In the same way in which we would not allow police forces to machine-gu- n down a crowd of demonstrators, a "just war does not attemot to - n 4:1-2- Spanish-America- 535-779- 9. i n ). Supposedly, our nuclear arsenals are for the purpose of deterring other from attacking us. But the whole policy of countries mainly Russia deterrence runs contrary to any and all of the precepts of a "just war. It perpetuates the idea, not that we fight to defend ourselves or to defend justice, or even to bring peace, but that we will do our best to wreak revenge in the most horrible manner. It lets our enemy know that we will make every effort to destroy them totally if they attempt to destroy us. That is not a war of or for innocent people justice; it is the mass murder of millions of for the sake of revenge. It is analogous to the police saying to a criminal holding hostages, If you kill any hostages, we will seek out your and UH them your wife, your children, your parents family and friends all. That is not justice, it is murder. 7 Unfortunately, the very nature of nuclear weapons makes it impossible that they be used justly. They are offensive weapons and not defensive. They can only, in any sense of the word, be defensive if they are used in a e capacity to utterly destroy an enemy before he can retaliate. Justice? How can a weapon which destroys indiscriminantly, the weak and alike be used poor, the women and children, soldiers and first-strik- justly? Some people have attempted to argue that the destruction of Hiroshima and because it inevitably saved Nagasaki in August of 1945 was "justifiable both American and Japanese. They argue that had the thousands of lives war been prolonged and an invasion of Japan become necessary, unquestionably, many thousands of lives would have been lost. Is that justice? Is it then morally acceptable to murder some innocent people in order to save the others? Our policemen would then be justified in murdering, are is he which until criminal the a of members holding hostages family should or anyone else released. Most of us recoil at the idea that police pick some innocent people to kill in order to save others, Yet, that is precisely of the atomic bombs of WWII. Had we wanted the effect on a massi e scale to convince the Japanese to surrender, the destructive potential of the atomic bombs could have been unleashed on an uninhabited island. Unfortunately, when Americans begin to speak of the issue of nuclear weapons and deterrence, one question always arises. That is, What about the Russians? In other words, the feeling is, it doesnt matter how good the intentions of the U.S. are, we have to combat the evil intentions of the communists. And indeed there may be much truth in that. Certainly, it has been clearly documented that Russian regimes have ruthlessly killed or a Russian dissident now in the tortured millions of people. Solzhenitsyn west claims that between 1917 and 1959, 110 million people died as a result of the communist regime 8 As tragic and truthful as that may be, it misses the point entirely. The point is that Russian, includes peasants and poor, women and children, weak and hungry, thousands of Christians, Jews and those of other religious persuasions, and all those who live in slavery to a regime over which they have no control. And it is those people upon whom our nuclear weapons are trained. Our nuclear weapons are not trained upon only all kinds. the evil Russian leaders and military, but the Russian people That indeed is the very nature of nuclear weapons weapons of yesterday may have been used unjustly by unjust people, but it was by choice. Nuclear they destroy all. 9 As Jim Wallis points out, weapons leave no choice instead of asking about the Russians, "Perhaps the better question we should be asking is, What about us? What can be said about a people who are prepared to commit mass murder in the name of freedom, democracy, and 10 national security? The it too late to eliminate our policies of deterrence. be Tragically, may time for establishing just guidelines was, at best, before Hiroshima, and at worst, as soon as we realized our error after Hiroshima. Perhaps (as many tell us), to unilaterally disarm would invite disaster, yet it is equally certain that of nuclear arsenals is totally ludicrous. As Dr. Paul the continued build-uErlich pointed out in a television interview recently, to continue the debate as to who is "ahead in the arms is absolutely pointless. It is tantamount to two men sitting in a gasoline-soakeroom, one with 200 matches, the other with 250, arguing which has the greater potential for destruction. 11 The current is over twelve times the present world population and the U.S. current destructive power of nuclear warheads is equivalent to 3 tons of TNT p d per person. 12 In light of this, the question which we must now answer is whether the nuclear age has rendered the traditional just war theory completely obsolete. There is certainly no possibility of a just nuclear war. As Hinson aptly asks, The question which cries for answer is: Can any war, since any war can now result in a nuclear holocaust which would obliterate all human life, be just in its intent, in its disposition, in its auspices, or in its "conduct? 13 It is certainly clear that if nuclear weapons are used, any cause which might have been used to justify their use would lose all meaning after such it is and even recent history 14 In looking at past history destruction. just wars. And given apparent that there have been precious few if any the potential for mass slaughter and injustice provided by the nuclear weapon, it is high time we stop trying to justify war and start trying to stop it. Indeed, perhaps it is high time we take a more serious look at the unethical trust we have placed in nuclear weapons. Does the hope of salvation for the world lie in huge nuclear arsenals held by the United States? Perhaps we need to consider the possibility that our trust has been misplaced. If there is a God who has any dealings with, or hope for, humankind, it would be to our advantage to ascertain that. The Old Testament history of the nation of Israel is a history of misplaced trust. There are many occasions when the Israelites but it was not by might of arms, but fought against superior foes and won with the help and protection of God. There are also occasions when they fought against inferior foes and lost. In the book of Joshua (7), the Israelites marched against the small city of Ai with a force more than sufficient to destroy the few men of the city. But because they had been disobedient to God, he allowed them to be routed. Later in Judges, after another period of disobedience (when God had allowed them to be oppressed by their enemies), they began to turn to God again. God called Gideon, the young son of a poor farmer, and told him to raise an army. When still far inferior to the armies Gideon was able to raise an army of 10,000 men God had him reduce his army to a mere 300 men and with of his enemies the enemy was routed. Is our trust and Gods help that miniscule army misplaced? FOOTNOTES Helmut Gollwitzer, A Biblical Call to Nuclear Waging Peace, ed. Jim Wallis (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1982), p. 154 1 2 Dietrich Bonhoeffer, The Cost of Dlscipleship (2d ed., New York: Macmillan, 1959), pp. 157-5- 3 Ibid., p. 28. 4 Gollsitzer, p. 154 5 Ibid., p. 151. 6 Ibid., p. 155. here is partially attributable to Gollwitzer, pp. 154-Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Warning to the West (New York: Farrar, Straus 7 The idea expressed 8 6. & Giroux, 1976), p. 129. 9 The idea expressed here is partially attributable to George F. Kennan, The Nuclear Delusion (New York: Pantheon Books, 1976), pp. 202-20- 10 Jim Wallis, The Call to Conversion (San Francisco, 1981), p. 93. Harper Sc Row, 11 The idea expressed by Paul Erlich, Biology Professor at Stanford, interview on The Phil Donahue Show, Chicago, December 1983. 12 Call to Halt the Nuclear Arms Race, A proposal endorsed by the United Presbyterian Church of the United States, New York, 1981. see also, Wallis, Can to Conversion, p.77. 13 E. Glenn Hinson, "Who Shall Suffer Injury at Our Hands? Peace, p. 152. 14 Wallis, The Call to Conversion, p. 80. Waging |