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Show 'f ' Settlement Of Parowan Typical Of Colonization By J. E. Halverson The early settlement o Parowan typifies most of the church colonization missions and is also a near example of the original across the plains trek" both as to details of its organization, assembly and execution. Hence the details are repeated here believing that they will be of deep interest to the Sons and Daughters of the Utah Pioneers. History records that some hundred families Imd been called by President Brigham Young to go upon the South Utah mission. About 99 per cent of those friends from home town exchanging goodbyes, and God Btess Yous to men and women on high wagon seats or peering out from under wagon covers, now bound for a new home site of which little was known. Thus were the modern Hosts of Israel, as they set out on that bleak December morning for depths of the wilderness to lay the foundations of a new stake of Zion. As previously stated the des- called immediately made preparations to respond. Farms and homes were sold or exchanged for livestock to be driven to the new site of colonization. Kvery family was expected to provide its own equipment and transportation: usually a covered wagon drawn by oxen or horses; all necessary utensils, food, clothing, and farm implements; and to be on hand at an appointed time at a ren-- . dtzvous to report to the adjutant for 'mustering In, with statement in detail of the , a cargo, animals and equipment, with names of each person aboard. The unit was them given a position in the train and if I necessary, the driver was as-- ; signed to additional duties. John D. Lee was the company adjutant, and the point of rendezvous was Fort Utah i Provo) and the time of departure was December 13. IS 50. The destina-- ' tion, Parowan. 300 miles to the south through winter snow. I The record shows the expedition included: 120 men, 30 and 18 children; 101 2 carriages, 100 horses, 12 mules, 368 oxen, 166 head of loose cattle," 14 dogs, 18 cats, and 121 chickens, food consist- ,ing of 100,000 pounds of flour,! 3,240 K)unds of potatoes and other cereals. For defense, 1 small brass cannon, 129 guns, i.52 pistols. 9 swords, 1.001 rounds of ammunition. plows were included for agricultural purposes. The organization was full ami complete with a commander-in-chie- f and subordinates i n captains of 10, 50 and 100 men. Officers were directed to see that every wagon was in its position, and to make sure that every man and woman was m his or her place. There was a mounted scout body fully armed, whose duty it was to precede the caravan, and to search out the best route and fjords over streams, and through ravines and gulches, over hiiis and deep canyons, and to halt the caravan when road construction was neces-- . eary, or the removal of brush from the line of travel; to select night camping sites for wagons and livestock with campfire fuel facilities and for the protection of the camp, and to provide a range forage for cattle and other livestock as well as to generally guard against attack from hostile Indians. ; Vs the wagons assembled m 3me, men on horseback, with belted guns, galloped back and forth along the line of the gathered hosts, making final arrangements for a start in the movement of the caravan, which strung out witrt the cattle in line two or three miles in length. When aii was in readiness, a bugle at the front was sounded and the train was off to a start. The serene presented a somewhat .Noah's Ark spectacle. Horses were nt ighing, and men flouted commands, oxen were bellowing .jind cows mooing," and dogs basking and Teamsters were cracking whips over the ind oxen teams, with tination of the caravan was 31)) miles to the south on the north bank of Center Creek, now known as Parowan, at which point the colonists arrived January 13, 1851, having been in transit a full month lacking three days. The settlement was first named Louisa in honor of one of Joseph Smii hs wives, but later was changed to Parowan, being the Indian name for the small salt lake in that vicinity. Strict discipline was maintained by those in charge of the company for the church, a n example of which is found in the notes of the historian as follows: One of the men who started out with us returned he could not leave off swearing, and chose to go where he could exercise his liberty. His name is William Jones, a promising young man. After arrival at the new home site, the colonists continued to live in their covered tfcagons in which the household goods and 4 ' " v meager stores had been transFires beneath the canvas roofs "were impossible. Sometimes a bucket of coals from a campfire was carried to the wagon to take the chill off Inside. The ground was still covered with snow and nothing could be done for the time being except to plan for the future and look after the livestock. The first activities were the clearing of brush from the land, followed by plowing, then putting in crops, for without them, they could not survive the next winter. Dams for irrigation purposes were thrown across the creek and irrigation ditches were constructed. These finished, thoughts for the construction of houses were in order. Timber was hauled from the near canyons. Logs and abodes were the principal building materials. Windows were no larger than port holes on a ship, and were closed by rough shutters. Pig bladders were stretched over rough frames as a substitute for glass. After sundown, there was no light In the houses except the embers of the fire in the fireplace. Candles were made from tallow derived from slaughtered animals, but these were too few and too precious to be used only in case of sickness. Floors for the houses were of hard packed earth as also was the roof, supported by rafter-liklogs from a high central ridge poie to the side walls, again ported. e by other .smaller in an opposite direction, over which dry bunch grass or bull rush with willows were from the placed length-wiscrest of the roof and extending a few inches beyond the side walls. Clay soil was then shoveled atop, about a foot thick and packed firmly. On the whole, such buildings afforded little more conveniences than the covered wagons except that they provided more room and the comfort from the criss-crosse- d logs e warmth of the fireplace, Then the cooking of food was made more convenient than the campfire, always necessary by camp wagon emigrants. Such was the condition of the colonists in the late summer of 1851 as they waited for harvest expectantly and the approach of another winter. too, rs Wisconsin placed the first state unemployment compensation act in America into effect July 1, 1934. EUROPEANS, ORIENTALS LAID RAILS TO BOX ELDER MEETING The Story Of The Driving Of The "Golden Spike" Alice Harding County Historian, D. U. P. On May 10, 1869 the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads met at Promontory, Box Elder county, Utah, to consu-mat- e a decision which had been reached between the two rail- roads that Promontory point be the junction. The Union Pacific had built 1085.8 miles of the road while the Central Pacific had contributed a span of 690 miles. The Union Pacific company was organized June 27, 1863, and in December of the i i : same year the ground was officially broken in Omaha. But the nation was at war, man power was scarce, so it was July, 1865 before actual work was com-- : menced at Omaha. Meanwhile the Central Pacific was building eastward. There was intense rivalry between the forces. 'Finally the two roads approached each other at Promontory. Two lengths of the road had been left to be laid on the 10th of May, 1869. Spectators began to arrive as early as 8 a. m. At 8:45 the whistles of the Central Pacific were heard and the list train pulled in with a large number of passengers aboard. Continued On Following Page i ( 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 i t i INSURE ( ) j i , wa-ion- NOW! , Fifty-seve- tile , t i i t t I 1 n E 1 t Dividend Paying Company ( 1 i t i FOR . J t . FIRE INSURANCE t 1 i i o i LIFE INSURANCE : j i i AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE i t ' i SEE : i t . i l S. MARTIN RASMUSSEN j INSURANCE .Phone 98. ' s . . - - COMPANY , ; i ! j i - f t I t i f 81 South Main Street' i |