| Show I i J 1 0 u 0 i BIG BlO IG LABOR QUESTIONS QUESTION S Their fils For Io Thousand I JA Striker Machinists and and If 13 Mn 11 0 U 10 nl rr do I II l I Prom From to Pw POI nn i lIou Our WI WIli li j 0 to fo olon to 0 a i Union mitt and lIow It Has pa Paid l 0 hilt It Co i f DESCRIBED BY TWO LEADERS S OF OUR MOST SKILLED MECHANICS UNIONS v With President OConi Ij f tho o o f i j 0 0 Inti With Duncan of cV National Ur an lI ill h I i V 4 hij 0 1 ii j 0 Special al ot of 0 the JY WJ by Fran Frank G 1 Carpenter 0 1 0 1 n i 1 igl 11 you OU here Inter Interviews I 0 views with two t U men mn who hO I the moat Intelli Intelligent 1 gent and ami most moM nt t me 0 li iI of United I State Sl Hoth nn art pre j dent of lit the tub 00 0 If It l of labor nn nd each l I III the j lender of ot u tt 1 national union of ot skilled t whose whole are to be w beit it In tu ivory center One l lJames III IIIi h 0 i James Jume OConnell the of Ot the ti tiC C of 0 INt und the Ilia other Oilier James Jinie the tho 0 of ot the thc National Union ot of 0 j cutter cutten Kach of at O these theS men 0 H i hud IDId hu id d tho tI Ih tot top of ot the trade he JI before ho II h was 1111 fleeted elected as nil ItH It Iti 1 j Kuch knows how hol to work ork with i i I his hilt and Rd nd hUll hug doue douP BO I for tor yeura yur ut lit liti i tho highest wages Hoth are diplomatic nd practical They j 11 their theil hu tied run cin cini hold 10 0 I i their own on in Ui their with tho the r j j nd IId representatives 0 of or tru l with whom they dully como n i lit III contact to strikes or lockouts 0 4 or to make malIC trade which r 0 govern hours and uge for tor or one onet t u f yrtl or I liS tho the may lIa be bl beI blI I met lII t President OConnell it tit tho the 0 ii heathi rs of ot the tho International AH All of Machinists here li I II Wash Washington 0 1 ington They take lake up tho the part i of oC the tho th second I Hour of ot tho the McGill build i lug II on Oil oi U not fur far from froni the pat patent patent ent lint office their business Is ts man i d an nM carefully us liS Unit of ot a u it bunk or a 1 great grent mercantile establishment H Two were sero clicking away awo In III i Mr office as ilK n I entered d and c 0 they kept 1 on clicking while wo we lC talked u I naked as q to Junt JURt what the thC Inter Intel International 4 national Association of ot Machinist was I Mr replied 0 J The Tho International lion of oC r 0 Machinists nan haR moro more than mem members il i bers hera b r and anI it about half of nil nilI at atI I the men mell In the tho trade It has hns local J unions 1 nil over this thia coun country countr I JJ jr try tr Canada and Mexico the lament J leiti In the Ihl chief manufacturing ten cell r tern tere In III It Chicago there mo tue about IS 18 I 0 4 different each ench of at which Bonds Its It to tl a Ii district union which 0 nets acta for that city elt We e have a C largo large Slumber Number of oC local unions In New York Boston U ston anil and more or ot otI I 1 iH 8 In III every manufacturing city ell rf ct n n n n r i ne we anu I IT What do you mean by machinists I 1 i The Tho word machinist an ilK applied to 10 tol toi l i our trade said laid OConnell 01 represents the th highest Intelligence ence and I j I 4 r I the th greatest kill among the tho men mn who whoa ho hoI t I a 1 11 with machinery In our ii tho the Ii 1 IB Is the tho man nian who make inake f and repairs all nil descriptions of 0 and machine machill tools It IB Ia not iI tho tim mart man who runs man the tho machine to pro produce proy I y duce deco another product after atter they thoy are nrc 1 made Our men design and matte o ma with the old aid of ot drawings They The 0 machines to milk mako and and RIl machine tools toola and they the have 0 0 1 to be able to do nil all kinds of ot work and I 0 repairs on lint nv kind 1 of ot machine from 1 patterns mid that within a IL reasonable june line t 1 Their work Includes tho the making Ing of ot j the mid and most mout delicate j nuch as a the tOOtH tools with which watch vatch j are arc made mid and I HI It IL Includes 1 the thc making of ot the th heaviest anti and coara est ost t of If machinery oven to the great lathus which boro bore out ut the tho Kuns for tor our The rhe for tor making bicycle type towing and In III tact fad very HY kind kill of or machine and machine tool Is Ia the Ihl work of It the machinist Such work Irk requires great lOnt Intelligence and skill the Tho man must be an Inventor as ett 11 as ii ii a 1 mechanic He lie 11 hus ha new problems coining up with every Job and he him 1188 to tl use ue his hili hI judgment In III al at moat every bit of repairs which comes cornee him How 1101 morn many such uch machinists are there In the tho country I There r lire are all told about In inthe tho the United THEY TilEY ThIs TRADE Then Theil I It If the union has ban I jo ojo O members It practically controls the Hlf trade Yes Ve It Jt docs replied Mr Ir OConnell Any ny organized ed body Is us an strong trong as ILA 10 times the same sarno number If It them there are 10 union anton men In lii a 11 shop where ill men inca are arc employed they the will willI do IC I more inure us all to 10 regulating tha th hours of ork and other oilier matters than thun the 80 90 0 nonunion Individuals We find this the case all nil over the th country What hn your our association done for tor your our trade I asked It has hM benefited ted It tt In many ways replied President lIt OConnell We have reduced our hours from 10 to tl nine He lie fore tere 1900 the machinists of the United States worked 10 hours or more mort At tho beginning b at of that year we notified tho the employers that wo we demand demanda a II day at nl the end of ot six I Ix and the day beginning be with Jan 1901 lOl Wo Ve cur rM I ned our point We have gotten the lay clay not or och for tor our trade including those tho not belonging 1 to the union numbers 1 00 men but hut alKo alio for tor allied trades trudell which number more How lIow about wages acell Do you yen get lI t the sumo same for tor or nine hours houra that you yu r u did for 10 Yes Yell Cs I Does Dopa the association Insist upon tipon a minimum wage Yes Yei elj but bu t tho the minimum wage varies arlea In iii different localities anti 1 Is nettled for fortach tach uch locality by an nn agreement with the employers there In III New York the low lov lowe e eAt t wage wn els la 3 per day duy In romo ramo other it la J 1 H i to Any An employer can call pay Jill AS 18 much nn eh more mort ns nR ho tie pleases but ho must pay tho the minimum or our men InCh will not work worl for him NO liO Then you ou nrc not 1101 paId 1111 hI by the tho piece No 0 our flur association Is against 1 piece pIcco werk We lYe believe bellove It contrary to the In Interests teresta of 01 the tho Tho rho em employer will wili nay sa 1111 that such methods m of payment give 10 a 1 greater chance for tor the tho thomake make more moro working by the piece than by the day but It Is U not HOt true The system tem teai keeps kelps every tuna mon up UI to a It high ton ten idea Alan It makes him strain every nerve nervo to produce a large output when the th output Increases the employer In III Invariably variably reduces the rate p per r piece so that the man finds find he ht Is 18 working hard harder er Cl 1 ant and receiving less than under tinder the tho theold old ohl day rate This Thia Is a matter of ot ex cx lint hOes does your our association try tr ry to lo re cc restrict reo strict the output No It does not saul said Mr dr Ir OConnell 1111 I 1111 I iH i i i i I lt I I H Ii HH H I IH I IH HIt H H H 1 II I iio 0 I If II f I I I L I V VIr Ir J I 0 f tia I t j H I Itt t H HH HH tt t tl H l H H l IZ I I i DUNCAN A I TO I 0 MB m I LP Hut But how about your our rule rulo that otto onn ottoman man shall operate ono onn it dud ml nd no nomore nomore nomore more Tint Is 18 certainly n IL restrIctIon of output Not N In work like 1111 that thai we v W do 10 replIed Mr dr I OConnell Our machines are arc lIy tine and we have to 10 insist upon uron that rule nile to protect ourselves The ThC will Ill say MIlY he is 18 willing to the toss loss of any work worl by having hallI n a run several machines but we find 1111 1 that If It the work ork Is spoiled the man ama In Is I discharged or later In some seine of or out our n a man mall docs nut not need to touch his for tor or a 1 long longtime longtime time ns IS for tor instance In boring out the tha barrels of ot great greAl guns gulls A machine may maybe mil be set take 12 hours before the boring Is completed We ln insist upon having a man watch that machine for tor forthe forthe the tho least lent break bronk or fault may ruin ho iio whole work vork whereas If It the mun man Is hero he ho con can remedy the detect defect the moment it comes come Our machines Mr Ir OConnell went vent wenton venton on are 80 so tine that they need constant watching and the tho mistake of or a II hairs hals hairsbreadth hairsbreadth breadth may mn cost thousands of or dollars Tho The bricklayer knocks knock off art too much tram from tho time of ut a IL with his liI trowel In laying u II wall vall ho throws In InOH ft OH n extra pint of Of O mortar and 1111 the tho fault Is repaired in tile the t Ie machinists work tho the mistake of ot one Ofle of or an anInch Inch may destroy lestroy the tho machine and much of our omit work vork has to tu be cot correct red even COIl to o tho the of ot nil an aninch inch IlIch What does docs It cost c st your members to belong to tho the association I naked asked The dues hues are nl 75 7 edits cents a IL month of ot which hitch 10 fO goes to 10 the National as its association Io lation amid 35 cents celtIc to the Inca un union ion bit Our system of at Is 18 such that w WI keep k turk trunk of every ever one of oC our members from month to month and nM end calm tell If It he lie baN h H paid his hiI dues and Is In good gOOi standing In III case of ot a astrike 1 astrike strike or lockout every HU Ruch HUth h member It If unmarried receives 3 a R wei wC and If It married J 11 7 n a week work as mis long Ion ns nil tho the strike continues iI 11 He gets the same amount If It Ith he h Is victimized victimised What do you mean meon by victimized I asked A victimized 1 man maim Is one omit OJ who Is discharged by his without cause or for lor 3 j by the rules of at the union Wo We o also pay lentil death benefits of ot from 50 0 to according to the length of ot time tho the deceased has ha been In Itt the thu union 0 We e tithe take In lit and pay Pet out several hundred thousand dollars dolls r In money mOlloy every year UI but bill our OUI are tiro ns liS rat carefully chilly managed as nil those of lit n a 1 batik bank and attil our losses lire are comparatively much mitch less lens 0 Til 13 FROM I TUB TILE TH Duncan the secretary and t 11 II of the time GranIte utters Cutters Na National Union spent Silent yeara LUtH In Iii cutting out cemetery monuments mon granite anti building blocks blacks before he was 1111 cho cha chosen chasen sen sell an nR the lender of ot tho the Cut Cutters Cutters union ont ho he fells ells me mo ho can ran make mako more money today polishing granite II Ito than by b acting as the tho secretary or of his union talon I asked him bun something about tho thu granite business of ot the United mates Bald aid he Ito heThe Time The granite Industry represents hun bun hundreds of or s fI of ot dollars Its 1114 chief center Is In III Now ov but bitt It Is III an on In lit nearly every part of the tho country YOU Y u will find our men mell at the tho 9 and In the tho shops hop of almost eve ove rs ry city elt Their work as In every ever tery tory anti and their buildings everywhere Nearly all 1111 the tho government titto anti and municipal are aro granite The Tito Pennsylvania depot dept which Is about to ho bo built hullt here will to lm of or and the tho greater part of ot the worth orth of ot public buildings which they have decided to put UI up In tn Washington In time the near future will bo granite Utica Wo We have many nina man great Brent granite quarries and the tho business of ut taking out and preparing the stone stOll Is a 11 lul trade nut Hut Mr lr Duncan hald anid I 1 do not the members of at your our trade trao cut ept other stones than granite No Nu aa the time reply The Tito granite gr cutter has haR a n trade trado of oC his hili own There Is Isna isna na ns much difference between him him oIl am the tte soft Htone cutter culler ns as there thoro Is III between the shoemaker and nd tailor lallor Tho The soft sott stone man shapes his hili work with chisels IJ of Ut soft steel which he ho pounds with a n wooden o ll n mallet He owns his hili own tools loon and carries tHom from Job to Job The cutter rutter works with tho the fluent fittest steel lie He uses useR a 11 steel hammer hammel Ho HII does docs not own his hiM tools he heis Is rends ready to work with tools or machines as IS his employer directs All iI I he asks Is IH that him hint employer keep to hits his agreement with whit the union giving him hint reasonable hours and amid fair f lr 0 How many granite cutters cutt rs are there Mr tr Ir Duncan 0 Wo Yo have about In the United states and 91 97 per pel cent of these theRe belong to the Granite Cutters union tuition TO SIX SI DOLLAUS A DAY D y And Alii what wages do such men get Mr Duncan According Accord III to our national 1 agree montH men It with the they the now re cc roo celo a minimum wage of 01 from frum 3 to 5 11 per tiny day according to the locality where here they the work orl The minimum wage WIte In New NelV England III i 33 and men umitO are Iro higher than that according to tu their skill In Hutte City tho the lowest wage is la Via q 11 a day and In iii Helena Great Ireat Falls Fails l ann and Spokane 5 a n day In some other places It Is IR and ft 1 but where the thu wages are high the tho maximum maxi ilium and Ind minimum rotes rates are about the same saitie THE TIIE DAY VAl How about hours I asked Wo So 0 have havo the day nil alt over ocr the United States te was wo tM th Do you mean to say that tho lImo men mentho tho cut granite In BUlle City get G 0 Glor for lor or eight hours hourn work Yes eM that In Is Just what I menu mean re cc replied plied Secretary Duncan But IHU ael of ot nil sorts orts ore are high there lucre As for tor or tho Ito hours wo we 0 have been lighting for to I the eight hour day for torn a long time We Ve tried to tl t get It through Congress and auth are nrc trying still In Isn we wo got tired of oC waiting swatting and we Wo then thell notified our employers that We wo should Insist upon the tho day beginning with the tho spring of at 1900 1000 Before then only one third of our men were working eight hours SInce Sinco then we wo nil had that day lIay and that with Increased profit to ourselves our employers What do you mean by b Increased profit Mr tr Duncan I nuked I mean menn that tho the workman Is better ort oft and that the tho gets more out of at his work In the eight hours than h d I th have nine lie cent but II as 3 1 fo than ih the It tiCs 11 1 That ant hotter Wage tb tite Ic I DUmic II acid J I like 11 tall ai Itol It I fUU sounI o to bitt UI it II II t ou i a 14 dl toss INS 1 nu I Story Iol Cutting l i that un lit rt greo grat II hJ h Pk L To b ho do IC It itch II r the not nt long tired out 1111 It amen n noon nOlO IIII out tbt or tr 11 I ap end Ihl thy hl f fir of th tb li tj Now tour lour hours in th hi o they ut In ij j fl the morning noon Hoo reet ann and dt IW iii hI IIII laid remainder or of the th II work t fr r It are IHl The Interested III en hIL hiie tim In thaI th 1 t 11 01 cheaper r or th II Work m I dl t II Ii Ii rat they h lit a an Io Is nil an that tile r Ir greater at r hour IIII t hiatt lIll I t I In n rt ill lii toy Ilay of ot the lie I UM th m IlIne or of th h cam t Ik of n i v 1 |
