| Show m r om L 1 A B 8 0 it IN ik GERMANY G E R J A N NY Y I A I Land of Hard Hard lIard Simes and Markets Low Law HoW Hot Wages They ages Affect and Long the Hours I Correspondence O of the Desere News N by bj Frank Tank G a Carpenter r 1 i tr Ir 1903 b Frank G CarPen 10 ter Is a un an American work workman A man out of ot a 11 Job If It so SQ he lie better etler look for another allot her herat had bad 4 AS far fur as IlS I can learn at t home homo 8 Is 13 IsI 1 he the labor market of at Europe I There are uro some something something thing a 11 million ion Idl Idle workmen in Inland England The centers have havo many man out of London there Micro are afO IIII and I In h parades of ot th the tho poor There I Is b nt 11 workmen wor k In I n France I arse rOOm for tor ilk 18 till I III hard ha time oJ all on the boom for tor forR country It R began to grow when 1111 1 years Ocr Gor over her minions millions to ce paid and nIl workshops then Factories tilt 11 The Thet over OW the empire Z nil all ll UP rap r th the ff t locked Docked from the farms to opt and the tile country coudry changed from front fromn g cultural to a u manufacturing n Trade Wi was m pu pushed In every It The Tte to lowns ns grew brew and wages rose rOfle continued until about 1900 00 I state idle 1 1 owing to over om the tile theaoa rho aoa of ot p pro p burst the gas 1111 tat from It asphyxiated some home of ot oft t they failed anti and factories am the empire begun to shut down t It e en days d a 1 s 2000 men anon were Mid d ltd In fa Ill t run tor for hick of at u work rk nit nil industrial establishments establishment I tithe ct 11 the fr tr Germans German either dismissed cut cul cutten ten their ton for toril or shortened the thera ra r lu hours urs ThIs hu condition of hard I 1111 rJ exists although things are branches owing to I up I In some m demands from the Unit B IS ENGINE Hire hr pent a largo large part of this week weeke I knee e of the tha most notable factories I have gone through olee elec tn employing thou I Eliot of hands and have examined I r r other works those of or the Bor tile the bigg st engine makers mal ers of ot the tie having the tho place in Germany t the Baldwins hold In the United 1 to het tj The most rno l of these factories I owning nan g with less than their usual Intact tt ot of men and ami some soma which pro I til H to t b be full tull are 31 giving short time he T tie factory Is one of the most moat r i Jermany It has a large larga It Ode and It Ills Is somewhat ow t this that It keeps kc Its lis it s men toen busy bUllY big engine works I of ot the tho thor r not as law lar g o e ns tit 8 the h It h builds on an nn average a c lit hI lour bur locomotives every week and h w tu already built more than titan nee works work are arc situated at al tt b j cover e cr 30 3 I w t and as d employ about 2500 1500 men The jl has lias also mines and rb MI la In upper Silesia which employs I W tail w so that altogether the tho force tra h aTe pe one TO ONE FAMILY FAULY TEl na futory was founded over oler 60 CO 6 ito by A and It still be beIn 13 sons In tine the United States StateR t I loud d bl I VI A run by a corporation star but nt IP Ir I some somo of the tIll tIllor tonof or s I h establishments such as al III will and are arc owned ned In Int I lih UY Th two tuo who ho now noli nolie t lit t the e works wor 3 arc are each under 40 0 are art business men and anI Urn m In the he factory know knoll It n I all th that it goes oes on Indeed that t of ot them could couldn gln n K Ii the he had hall to I 1 met the rm of or the firm Mr Ir Con Conr ConI I 1 r ll my ny stay slay nt Al th the d hI me an English 0 lc them th m r ilk r t I tg p f ther her through the lit I Ia r a r ar I of at where the thear h ci es ar nW 1101 the r t v t 11 Ut the tile foundries 1 t C d bot ot t i raa mi tat into the moulds ra u ring rc nl lh through the rooms looms be sa t INI 1 rs are ore riveted Metell to v 7 Were There Th loII aa n noise like the theall ot of all hammers which tat al nl moat t deafened me lingo huge traveling crates running overhead lifted boilers bollers ss I many tons an aw easily au as a mother lifts her ba baby b y Yi mud machines bored bond through na as though It were cheese here Heio they thoy Were ert malting screws there lathes cutting Iron like Uke pine Cad and nd here hero the parts of the tho locomotives were assembled and put together for fOl shipment to alt all countries of the world COLONIES IN After Atler leaving the tho works I went through h tilt the colonies which the have built for tor their thel workingmen Such Institutions aie com om common mot mon In III connection with the tho larger Oer man The rile Krupps s hue hao has e ton con all to ns as homes for tor their em and thoro llero me are other large iron making companies along tile the which have done dono likewise These I 1 Ishall shall describe when I 1 visit that region hero Here near Vogel egel the tho e have havo bought hought a large tract of land and 1111 have hunt built houses about It which are arc rented out to their workmen at lit aura prices aH as will make them pay fi II low Interest on Oil the Investment None but empi 1 ye yes and their families are arc ar to live JIve lUeIn In those houses and the dons are aio such that they the receive more moro for tut their th lr rent than th could jet get an any anywhere where ei clog e There Th re Is an opi n space covering many man acres In front font of at these homes This linn nos bone bene planted with forest trees and It will some day be a beautiful park The fhe treat their well Tho rho men seem Hem to be led and I am told their condition In la superior to that of ot other othor German factories They work hill but t 1 10 0 hours a n day till and such OH Us con continue continue Continue with nIth tho the firm n certain number of years are given pensions LOW JOW WAGES S AND LONG LO O OURS HOURS h Germany is a land of low loll wages amt long hours In the th steel and Iron tron Indus Indu Industries Industries tries 5 6 per Iler week Is 18 good Rood pay and In Inthe tho the textile mills the wage Is still less lees Mechanics think they do well If It they get 16 cents on nn hour anti and anI on 01 the state slate railways the best paid engineers receive only 10 per lIeI week wl k Firemen I are paid from 6 5 to 17 7 per week and 1111 porters less than JO 6 Workmen employed by the city force are paid equally low the bOYI cleaning the streets receive 25 26 cents a day On oli the government works the ave av avo average erase day AY is nine hours but It is longer everywhere else The most of the factories of or Berlin Derlin claim to have a day and anti as Uio tho labor unions nr arc strong here hero they din can dill hold that time to a certain extent In other parts of ot Germany the working day averages eleven hours trouts with no Jat afternoons off arc and in certain sections It averages 12 hours and over oer IN TIlE THE STORES iI i There Thera are arem many tny clerks In this I city tho as much as us 14 Id hours query every day The Tho stores open about 8 3 I In t the he t and tho the most o of O them do not close until 1 0 In i the I nine U nI ng and the thu restaurants anti and cafes much later Inter Nearly nil all stores are open until 2 n p m Sunday Bunda although nIth OU d are ar noma T e Closed 09 during church bourn hours S SOmo S me storekeepers era are me no pious t Ious that t they the rue u I I t not allow nn In advertisement to be cr 0 posed 1 nt at this time lime There is a glais glans case en so of such advertisements under the thu railroad at 1 l the tho nahn Dahn hof hor Between 10 and 12 on Sundays some of these are cov covered Co covered ered orell with paper which Is torn ort oft us soon us 00 church Is in out Speaking of time In the tho stores nt at nn an Investigation some Horne years It was found that 46 JO per por cent of the ments worked lork 11 their clerks II If hours n a day and that In 6 per por cent of or them they worked IC 16 hours In n all places there Is 18 an hour or so off of at lit noon for lunch pIm TARM WORK DORIC AND WAGES S SIn In the country districts the hours run from sunrise to sunset with very few holidays The great exodus tram from the farms to the cities has somewhat In Increased created creased farm wales wages but bolt they th ar still low lo being competed with by b the th gangs brought In from Austria and Poland at III hat vest and seeding times I nm am told that the tile Poles work for as nn little as 26 cents a day dar with poor parr po toed fond thrown in and aul that there are faim fn In dis districts districts districts where whre the Ihl ordinary hand hantl gt gels gds Is only onh U 1 cents a II day Throughput ut Ma la 50 o 0 cents Is la a D good price for f farm rm work anti In some sections the thu wages are 10 40 cents for men IrIen and und 25 26 cents centA for women m 11 A great deal nf ot farm work is done dene by b the women They spade and hoe hoc weed treed and do other backbreaking work ThY They commonly follow folio the plow and add scatter r tine the manure working side by side with the men I THEY WANT ROOSEVELT ROOSEVELT t t a r t a S d dof of b t 11 r 1 1 i t tI Jrr I y y yi t i FJ i t 1 t t L tnt 10 t no not declination to visit Il Hawaii naI I IM bra tau U rd crat r tN i iJ aw tit Adore J of at the talony r B ya 18 G Gov Cov JV Dole of ot our new pos Hion c m p d Ini hu not up ill all of oC nc rod and u d the n 11 satyr ice teter 1 i rF Il 1 Something About Labor Colonies and mens Insurance Wages of Mechanics find and Factory Hands Clerks Who Vho Labor Fourteen Hours flours a aDay aDayA Day DayA A Look at the SWeat t eat Shops and Their of Suing Sewing Hand Who Earn Fifteen Cent and Upward per Day What Living Dinner in the People Kitchen Something About the Worlds of Continental Europe l S l ww w i SI I I d II 3 FI I 11 1 rl I rh T t d J I k ki I i 1 M r rr x r I rI p I L I r e ea r a a I j I I I 4 MM q drA I Ir r s It C r a a I Photographed for the tho News by Prank Frank O 0 Carpenter T i ii Fri f rl i i 1 Iw I I i I lwi rI i K Ii i THESE STURDY YOUNG SWEEPERS GET TWENTY CENTS A DAY Some farmers hire married couples renting them small houses on their estates es ell estates tates and ami taking the tent rent out of ot tho the wages Such n a tenant agrees agree to give glo all ull his work to tho lure owner of the estate and to take 35 36 cents cods a day for tor it In the winter and 60 50 cents per day In the sum Hum summer summet mer met The mans wife may get gel 20 0 coals cents ce a aday day In the winter and 25 5 In In tho sum sure summer mer met At A t such SU wages aa tf U t one on has a 11 go healthy wife fe he ho may nay may possibly ears earn as much as asU during the tho year y ar THE TIIE OMEN IN I BERLIN BEnLIN Women In Germany ore are Everywhere poorly paid I have already given the thu wages rages In ill the tho big stores where is ns nicely dressed and amI us ns Intelligent girls as nil you rou will viii Thin find In any of ot our department stores of at the United States get get from U Uto S 3 Sto to a 11 month und and board themselves The average e wages of female clerks clerics are tire from 25 26 to 50 60 cents a day da and it must bo be boa bea a 1 very vcr good clerk indeed who gets 1011 the tho th latter Some Home time Cline ago an un Investigation of at wages wn e In Berlin showed that there were women who ae ave aged from tram to 75 per wreck week and ami amiA A that there were thousands who got less Such girls who do not with their parents must have hies some outside sup support support support port for they must dress well and und look well In the tine store stores IN INTHE THE TIIE SWEAT SHOPS OF Ol BERLIN i r Berlin t Is s filled with s sweatshops a It I Its vis js s one oM o nc of o f the 1 t f and it has tens oP 1 thousands thor o of f set In C girls gIsla e ng gue In n man mantles mantle e nn tics tle cloaks mens and nn cloth clothIng clothIng Ing lug Jackets and Infants wear Many Man of ot these sweat shops are aro In the cellars and some somo In III the attics The houses look well on the outside but within you rou liml scores working away 1111 in little rooms and not nol a few working sleeping in inthe Inthe inthe the same sallie room roae The Tune police t regulations require that the thc rooms be of certain n a size but t today tad a there thare are thousands or of melt liNk women and children who live In cellars In this most beautiful city of Germany There are other thousand in rooms which cannot be heated and ana many of ot which lack ventilation and an light Nearly all nil the sweat shops pay their by b the piece picco and tint that nt rat such sucha a u rate that only the best hest sewers ewers can make r a aa us much cIr as US 50 10 r O or CO GO c cents n a Say day There Is a line for every Iver mistake and 1111 tines fines reduce the receipts below helow the amount agreed upon I am told that few sowing sewing girls earn oam as much muchas 1 t ns as 2 per week Girls 0 Iri s male make c Jackets for far 20 2 cents c co and ami shirt wrists for 2 25 i crat e You can MP n g get et a u to lo come to your house end I m sew for loss than Illan lit r cents a day and you ou can cnn hire a n dress dres dressmaker dressmaker maker maIler who Wile will cut tit and make moke a n plain dress dreM for you OU In ill two days charging ing your our CO GO cents per day for her ber work and perhaps 40 cents per day dllY for far the girl w who ho helps her nor FOr TO RY GIRLS GET OI T 2 A a t WEEK EEl Music teachers are paid ns little as ns 25 26 2 cents a lesson and singing Hinging teachers the tho same sume Girls in some factories recIe less than 12 2 a n In others they get et 3 willie whine forewomen receive from JO 6 to 10 Some figures taken by the govern goern government mont ment not long ago showed that cloak makers were earning 12 2 a n week and that girls on underclothes received from Crom 1 25 T vv t PRESIDENT AT YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK nc ira iraI I rJ 1 1 a c CRATER Cr GIANT I ril t r a 1 a I 1 1 CAROM I Above arc are Interesting DJ acmes from tho the Yellowstone i National 1 Park of ot which President Roosevelt now nov Is III Isan making an tour Th The president and his party will m remain in the great t for tor days from April E 3 to April I It U 4 H Here Iett r the Uio nations chief executive will mk reek k complete completo teat leftt and aM relaxation from Dares cores na of office Strictest pre precaution caution will w U taken to the Ux privacy during bis ilia ilay atty to the latter lItter being paid for Cor skilled hands and und overseers Think of making collars for tor from 1 to 2 wills cents C apiece and ruffs cults for 20 cents a dozen and you have havn nn Idea how some HOllie women work In Ber lIer Berlin lin 1 I have 11 heard of ot place pined where but hul buttonholes buttonholes cue aro node made by hand for a 1 cent ahole a ahole ahole hole and where If It the place to work and ami the thread anti needles me are ed ell by the till employer a n reduction of at 26 16 6 cents per head Is l made madl The percentage of ot women workers In Germany hors has rapidly increased of late Int years wing craving to the enormous number of ot otmen men required In the ninny nimy It Is Jett mated that there are lire more than oven and n unit halt million German women who earn arn their own osen II Inv Inq and this in Is an Increase of ot more than thai a million within the Hint bait U 11 1 years curs ui tit these 40 0 per cent are Me employed on Oil the till turn farms 20 per Ier cent In domestic service and 10 per cent In III public ollices About 7 per cent work In tin Inthe the factories and 4 per cent act as BI per wants In the hotels and In the beer and wine wille looms Within tho the past few years the met men have peon been trying to keep the women from doing certain kinds of work In the factories s and foundries and old the till unions are generally against the tile |
