Show u V The 1 le Lal Laud Land f d of Silk 1 Among Amana mong Are Ara time tho Mulberry How Cocoons Art Aro SUIt Silk Raised Worms and Sold v Tho Enormous Capital Required Filatures Run Duff un by Modern Machinery d I Factory F a Girls Who Work for tor Throe Cento Conte a tt aDay Travels in ill ii the IC Silk egron oi o of If nay Day ski w 1001 by Frank Frnnk a O Carpen Carpenter r ter teT lf hIAN China This Is le writ M I Un n m In the heart of tho the silk ro j Ini t china For hor l or a 11 week I 1 II C floating along through I i have nau 11 blon bi n L lilli I ruU II t after lifter another with floral Goodnow In his hie hist a country which Is IsIe cje se Ie bunt boa t 1 nt 10 s t 1 01 hat d of lit mulberry 1 trees t I r ar mr thuu of ot these trees reea on oni i i of or me mr n ns Ift I 1 mid and by b bI i un ull the till bank and climbing I which wh ch Ii t t tI H of et on ono oar of ot the bridges few taw miles I t eon can tub Ib th tb M i at t very Iry y M a bv by th rim millions n Ii I 1 oat extending on ont until satU thy Ihry rut ut tho tilt horizon Thoy Ih 0 Y Yr i II t r th Ih S t and 1111 me only i t tf tr r them by P of pud of I n i I n h tr trl M i Hi tho shado trees tI cell N of ot 1 I J farm v III ilia ig and the tho f pd tot for lliO Ileo OF OJ ton 11 AHIA nit la Is d In almost every part Ina but bUI t I es Js more I j bett Hk Silk than lhnn any other It ItI rait I 1 Bit in tulles of ot cocoons a elY i a fur for export to Fiance 1 Germany 1 Japan in U 1 I lial bins H of ot law silk go gon uon n here to our fiu lories In ill tho the I t Ibern at III thousands of or farm jsn In h silk reeling Is done donna a it I 1 great ink ll with the Uncut t tt I n t modern modem put up tip by hy then ther the r n fl nb b and other othur foreigners U tI n u ll BI as a by h tin to II Chinese to turn the c DM ans into ad Tho Piro Chinese nee uso neer r illk themselves than nn any other othero H o pie i they the havi hll tens of or thousands e I mil ma m and them silk Bill millionaires are aro tum r il ly by b i ores orrl Alii HI a Tim lH S SI I null oI 1 you jau could rould be Is with me In thin rt II 11 frough 1111 th mulberry orchards w Ir tn tree grows glows about ns big u II in en Im and It h Is s not out of ot place w BI tM the trees of ot tile tae forest The fhe toni mul trees here are aro small 1111 Most Moat at ot att nets lira t m ir m arc trimmed down to tour four filet feet Ore ll II grouts l louts being cut out oft ort year after i P The orchards look moro like Ilko u t I keti keh than hum ton sti and the trees are oro aret I it IC t J a m larger than u n three l aril Mr pre Iree e Tiny Th ore lire nB os knotty knolly and ami amii RI ai i an tan tree urea told and as 19 ragged tit I ce bush buah They are planted In ill lOft twi w y a f tw w fee feet t apart and so an care hi d that not n a weed weld Is to toM M tun n Here and thero there garca gar nr CM ca Hurt Guff I li III raised raided between the trees I In It nothing grows groves close to the tho a t a r nunu d l fertilising and hosing W tai on the year ear around All of t tr r an U us d j d but the chief fertilizer C f flU the Hie canals canala which are ato feel fed by if lit Ib river The rhe ti II U J full ot or em slit ns us the tho Nile It brings bringa don a t qU of ot rich mud every oven far and Anil them Into the canals h dredge c this out and spread d i it 1 te er r the Ibe ground They scoop It up h 1 tl tots or 01 in canvas bags with heavy 11 lie rings about them Thoy They have ha 0 great t I MH toads maile of ot bamboo poles with I baskets on the tho ends looking lur aU its World world Idea giant sugar augar tongs longs II Wih they pinch up a 1 quart of mud at a time and pull ll It ln into Inlo their I i v bean loa lAter uter on they the throw it on the tho ther 1 ronta i and m the spread it II around the trees I ing Whole r r reki t the whole surface of ot th the e I II ground The TIB savo save every bit of ot material even to their hair i and finer nail parings I 1 see lieI the tte children awn everywhere going around tel G licking up stuff of nil kinds to I Odd add w to w the manure heaps tOW HON TIlE THE LOOKS i I hI et out walk through I t orchard dl There Thero are no roads rany any hr iu ou could not tM ride over oer overn la tte In cart e Country n a II for t many of f the the diar ft made at different levels level a 10 l they Ih h may ma be bo flooded from tram time U 10 time ems as al lh Ih Pr crops I demand lemand There Thele to enly f between the nelds ellla tad ird iw about going this way a ial that without regard to Th ilia hll b only n U e J highways are the canals kit with rattle eve even a as ast t roa roads s of our nur ur rich farming t r are fi ailed d with wagons HOW w ARE Ann d hn an MW tnt preter r I 1 have learn Ild ow 7 ry trees trea are grown Brown The Tha a are t planted In nurseries s and W V V VYV W j FRANK G CARPENTER i N whet Wheel tho the have reached several feet teet In height they are oro transplanted live or six alx feet leet apart In regular rows Tills ills is f dono Llono In tn December After thin this tho till trees are aro carefully cared fur for Th They y are aro pruned year after afler year and never allowed to tu roro grow frow more mom than 6 feet teet In ht height h I ht The rhe cutting does loea not Injure them A to mulberry tree will last In t for tor lift jours and when fully tUlly matured 1 will annually yield as liS much ns as n lou Idu round nl of ot lemon leaves CA In some same parts of the lire seeds of the wild WillI mul berry are sown and the tho young sprouts front from the mulberry This Thill IH Is thought to produce better heaves Tim The trees have to bo be careful watched tot Ins There are ate silk trod haters Ilko our OUI peach salO I c tree Iree bouts which cnn eon enter the hash bark and must bo Le dug out Iut and there are Insects which oat eat th t leaves anti and must be bl killed by Ly or mil lI WORMS I been Interested In learning how tho the Chinese tear rear silk Bilk Worms They have hora I tho the lu business to 10 a altai sal once encl ii is still so Cu that the tho eie It every enry year In deed the Crat Hll worms of ut China t wen by an nn Tile This was tin till of ur tl who lived 2600 H n Hand nond c cand and ond who In IS known as ns the goddess gud of ot silk Bilk The Tito present I o 11 n to her het Api A April II In the palace grounds April In let the tho best for far hatching silk eggs antl ant It Is nt at this theme that the tho mom morns arc aio stared tat laying The Chinese en cps toll tell the moths train from lure tho ones they lire ate still In the cocoons They know k row Just how to handle them I at nt the proper time In Ur same tamo places tho the eggs are laid 01 of 0 clean II nn I i iii u II utters on white linen or grass grail cloth eloth one une moth will lay Iny ns na many loony as II GOO COO eggs Of This takes takeR her het hours hour titter which she lives live e or six Mix dove flave sitting eating and then Ihen dies IlleR It IL U Is Important to good eggs mud and Urn the strongest envenom are chosen for Cor th purpose The Thc eggs eg are 1110 first wash ed d and then sprinkled with salt They are ure tl covered with ashes of ot burnt mulberry leaves and so kept for tor ten days after which tune time they are aie ready tor for hatching hutching A CURIOUS CHINESE U In many uy silk IlIk districts tho the people have havo human Incubators The warmth of the lime hotly body the heat tho the mast niort variety being n II III J t 4 her h r clothes upon her bare Lare bosom and k lAe e I III im aws vH II by hy their tl lr that the Ihl silk worms are ore om tort The lne T silk silkworms worms orme nio nI 0 as ns liS d lInOld n id hid black when fIrst hatched The hatching usually uS takes place bo boo S b f In tho the morning and noon In 10 other places the eggs are oro hatched belched In warm warn chambers and In other oth other er Ir ways lays Tho The lust silk eggs A taken to were w re parried carried to Constantinople In barn boo tubes and hatched h In n a manure heap In the tho hatching rooms and also In those where whore the tho hatched hatchell worms are kept the tho temperature Is IR not nol tested by bya a II thermometer but by a man who takes oft off Wi 1111 al clothes and KOCH goes In naked linked In or order der to tell by tho the produced upon his body hody as all to tho the temperature and moisture m l ture AS AS BABIES nADIES The stilt silk worms voras are watched as carefully care carefully fully as trough though they were babies buble Flies Files 1 lIes lire are lpt hept from them No loud lou talking Is permitted permuted near them and the people wash themselves carefully before inn han handling them Thunder Is said to alarm them and only clean denn hands must touch the leaven which feed them Tho The leaves lelleA must bo cut Into line lino and the worms cat eat them so no rapidly that youcan you youcan ou can hear their Jaws going At first they me ore fed ted four tour times a day dRY and on tho the fifth firth day Iny they go to sleep As they grow older they are fed once an nn hour and nor when they lave have reached their full they the eat at three or m four tour meals a II aday aday day Ita They The keep on feeding and sleep hog Ing until they are arc three weeks old casting their skins at nt inch each sleep and then go 0 Into Inlo a long last sleep where they y remain until a now new and largo large skin Is IA fully matured They Thoy ore are full grown nt at the ago age of days and arc uro then tho the color of ot amber Each Ench worm Is la now about two Inches long and almut as big around as your our little fin finier gee ier I er and It Is le remedy ready for Its work of I making silk After Alter this tho the silk worm takes no nomore nomore more food and begins to spin from Its lis mouth first fastening thu th threat ton to 10 toa a n 1 frame framo op 01 which It Is III placid It moves movell Its lis head from ono one sillo to tu time tho other A A A and keeps k el on doing BO 90 until It has hns won WOy woven en n a cocoon about a nut Its Us body Title This re ro p two to to the 1111 at nt atthe atIn the end It again again goes gocs to sleep sleep i In the till province of theIs the spinning Is done In what Is 18 i known ns as silk silk worm hills hits These are bundles of straw placed on mats on tat platforms about us high u no na s your our w wast 4 t The worms norms crawl up on Ott the tle straw and nod fasten themselves to lu It Il and theto thelO spin spilt cocoons About iw tau worms Worm are V attached to each bundle and tires fires Bro are built around the tables that tint they the may moy maybe mayhe be he kept warm While they thuy are Te spin split spinning ning the Ille noise Is In like that of a 1 soft sort shower of rain and when whon tho nose noUte stops the ties people know the tho cocoons are nr completed After tills this tit they tho are baked or boiled balled In order to 10 kill the worms worm and arc are then ready rendy for tor reeling ree lnor or for tor sale Bille fl TUB TlE TU COCOONS Many of these thole Chinese farmers raise mise the Iho cocoons for tor sale They do not pre lIre pretend pretend tend to 10 got the silk Ilk out but market thum them In bulk hull The are aro th the I money crop crOll of oC many a n 1 farmer Ho lie will raise ralso H rice and other gains for hi Ida food tood and depend upon his hm hll ro o 0 I I coons to sum HUI ply pi money moo ey for his hilS clothing I opium wilt tIlt Tho lh government en ell encourages n I tho people to raise silk armors i amid ami urges ur es them to plant mulberry trees This The Thil result Is that almost every format tarmo lias liln hla little orchard and tho the vast product of ot silk plO lu 1 In China comes from small email farmers Mommy Many u uman I II man find I dace doen not r raise more moe than twenty l Iund und of ot cocoons for tor which he ho gets M 1 or ift 1 In alls sliver or orThe The lne cocoons must mUll be ts bought hought within a n short time utter after they itro offered tot for rule rale It used usel to be that fifteen days were wro set Met aside for selling cocoons but hul of late Into the farmers t In tn tOnne ome way or other have shortened this down to four days Pi result Is I that till the foreign and ri ln s silk makers must roust have hac their urn men c on u on hand at this time to tl IA buy tho tile cocoons There are regular market markot centers cent r to which the farmers rome come with their silk They will go from buyer to buyer and dicker until they the get the rte highest lt roid tilts thin buying le Is therefore writing excelling Each Kach J ach merchant has his hlll own scales and 1111 he lie buys II by the ounce or pound spot This n a hur capital as all th the used for tor tl Oh year jour ei must be hough bought whoa when the Oho ai mil 1 i me rc on Oil There are arc silk illk Ilk factories In which spend annually In gold In purchasing cocoons Tiny have to fix their price according to the felling telling prices of ot silk In Europe and a n fall will make mak them lose laMe mono money On th the other hand n a rise Hie may give Rte them theman theman an enormous profit HOW THE TUE MAKE BAKE t lm SILK SUK Much uch of the silk of ot China Chinn Is le woven In inthe tho the homes hornell of at the people I taco POO reeling ong on in many of or the farm tarm villages It Is done dOlle chiefly by II the this women the oceans being kept for tor the time In clean Wader WaW T au elks a In III this Olds water waler until the thread thren ends be lc Mime cum looked anti thin then of ot these 1181 null mile are alu ro Joined J together and the tha reeled ort oft on nn rude reels lel worked by bj if It ono one ot of the threads breaks break k It w is together or replaced by an 1111 another other It require skill to lu du do th Oh reeling for tor the tha Unread intend when complete must be he of Qt equal onual thickness and und brightest A 4 good goad can monks make about twenty ounces of ot line silk In m ina u a day WIM SILK Tin The Ill weaving ns as done by h the th natives u the factories la Is l on of tin the rudest II I goes BOH by ff m ribbons to velvets onti nIli j I 1 we see women and girls r rl making ribbons In ht nil all tho the cities or 0 resins and In some soma places find them and velvets At I the Imperial looms which weave wit satins tin and velvets snivels for tor the Ih rOI lima tha empress dowager and tin till court ourt They make mako about HOD 20 coo M there every year or 01 silks to tin the ri lue lu III of about It Is IH Im hll t I in buy hll the thu goods except In ht an nil tut fur for nil of It 1 is to 10 x s ii III i tin the Imperial household hous hohl The Tho was WHIM of the tho ate are about SO 20 0 A rents cents n day Ilay with rice rlee The ribbons are usually made mado on small looms by wo sin women men and young girls who get about 10 tents rents n a tiny day and food fund There Thero are In nil all about 00 looms in tho the Imperial es s ti tm from tram which were woven during tho year of the emperors mar marriage marriage I worth of goods CHINAS JODI nN SILK SILI TAG FAC l AC Within the tile past few tew years eUR an onor enor enormous amount has been Invested here lu r In modern silk lII lurel devoted d to reeling the cocoons and making raw silk for tor export These establishment have the finest of ot modern machinery Imported from and ond their business runs rums high Into lima Hie million millions of ot dollar dollars There are arit such inch In bt Shang Shung heal hilI alone alona employing All told store more than Blatt th hands Timers There nr are lomo in III Hang ilaug how chow and lit at other places In ht the silk ill lIk regions Most Moat of these filatures are aro owned and operated by IJ t although live five nt at have It was 1114 through the time Introduction of ot Mi 1111 11 ova U A a n I of ono gnu of ot tho Ula tn that I 1 wa wu able to 10 to o A the tine |