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Show uAlT Second Hews Section AUTOMOBILES ILcAJSJBf Second News Section MINES. MARKETS. CLASSIFIED ADS REAL ESTATE SALT LAKE CITT, UTAH, SUNDAY, AUGUST 13, 191G. RUSSIAN ARMY LARGEST; TEUTON FORCES EVACUATING LEMBERG AS 'NOT LAST OF RUSSIAN ARMY NEARS GATES OF THE CITY NATION IS REGENERATED GREAT WARS' .tv.v...w5,-.v.5.t..a- Hope of Liberty After War Sways Czars Vast Fighting Forces in European Conflict. is back from the European Dr. K. S. ' M, Marconi Italian Scientist Has Little Faith in Prospect of Last- Dickey yar PITTSBCKflH. the Ifuinn array medical corps and a veteran of the Duke Nicholas, uncle of the czar. campaign commanded hy theon Grand of the South Side hospital and staff the Dr Dickev v.v for several v.rs Aua-- . 12. Can-cas- us ing World Peace. in private" practice in Pittsburgh before leaving in November 1015, for the Ifussian front. i lie was jlinfi ro 01 hospital with the central division which the Grand Army of the Caucasus, cn-irg- of three was conposp-served under 1 rienrnl SCIENCE e units, Baratoff. infrr,iil imdershin j :EW ARE DRIVEN j I CRAZY BY WAR and a clos friend to the grand duke, who Is the Russian national hero and of the ddlT3 of his country. Dr. Dickey coms bark with some decided opinions of the l'."'s!.iru as'. a people and the destiny of the coun'.-Also ho bring r.ews that In th land rf the C2ir bdwron ?.00i.ty) and and noldlfrs perfectly trained equipped with arms and ammunitions rro available for fizhting. "This Is hy f.nr the greatest reserve of any nation involved in the Krrat th-Id- -el "More'-verwar." cald Ir. Iieke. there are l,.",0i" youths attaining and military as In m is everyto year, into keen each on- of th nctlon for his country." he continued. in 'Today there are probably T"0.000 4.00'XOOO the. Army of the Cuimmix and that rn the western front. This means man Jtussla can los Hry fighting ttow in actic-- an. duplicate the forces from its mobilization camps instantly. Merl of 'Toop High. -And the moral. of the troops Is wonderful. The Russian soldier has been as a child mentally, described variou-.lwhy. or as without knowing obeying nfnsant who has beenInitia-ho he lacks the d thoroughly cow--when ordered to wlaun- tive to resist set this down ado ter. The writers who It is character. Kussian rot know i i..iinn fitrhtinc to..av. ideal to Innation which ha- - a national And that ideal patriotism. spire its mass or -the to great the 1, rantingbroad rictus. of political the i.eople expect this Th" Russianthernpeasants of the Cose the at will be Riven . .i r flit n t now and would not hesitate l.ut th.-want. to take the refcrms will be necessary I do not believe this had Th- - aristocracy of the rountry h.is -: Me The nob nu awakening. toward the common their obligations the- sentiment,. c. ist o.er,.r,.i ' ' t h fm whelmtnsriy in ravor 01 hi as. live re than they probably would , ,k.,..,.iv.. Thi unt-e- a ruing poop.o feel that the emancipation. their earned liav.. re out of the war will comei. ai'sia. at.d r .o' tructe.i crnerateI t . t rr ri t c r to is the best bone?tlv believe Ru:iu s will have when Mt-Unifd the friend rnn.dude.I. The UtiSfdan like n developing the vjs and wsnt cur s of their rountry resour k inn their ma in Instruc-iour and ' cr into human materialwomen f Russiaefficient s ari.s- The ... cnrk,T have re?ponde-- spien.mi; tocr.-t h e nee r for an r.ur.-- . with our di were no toe ..r in- , sunion, althoucrh t f a riser in the country I. Trere . women f..r the larked trained now. nrd work. All f.- Is f changed met in the ar- .w, rcjuent. r.rin'-e5erauk rorrid.-rthat th-- ir ceases to te the exception. rhools for urr Kfryhrrr. "Schools for nurses have been estabentrant lished alt over the land andthemselves from all classes are fitting or In line for servlc on th firing women of noRussian hospital'. an one as as are ble Mrth gracious of Kreat time find anywhere. In this side rational need the work side by their and take with tie humbly-borto order from U se who are superior them in knowledge of the task atInhand the ..f what is written lrro,;...-tlvIt is Celden Hook of Russian nobility. raru "f the jrreat spirit whidi will leave and the nihilist without ne; upation turn the reformer Into a contented u-- - I 11 rl;, o- r- 1 i i - I r la-s- ea o i t i 1 . u i . 1 : l th-i- i...-.-Arner- b r - re-iuir- e r y.-:r- s s ho-p't- al th-Va- se n e worker 'lessons of permanent value on the from the care of troi.p will be Trar. The enemies mostly feared within the srmv's own lines are typhoid, rlvare an.l' dysentery. All of these usually communicated from drinkinc: water sources. Vaccination has been adopted generally as a proved preventive of thn firstthetwo smurR's. troops pet In malarial dt?ri-t- s is Typhus In daily fl.xasf of quinine. f omlattel ty the use of petroleum the quarters of the soldiers. In rases unusua' treatment the men requiring the fluid. bathe in .l inf-tc- .dnee. nnd Science : ene have prostresse.i and Surgery the demands which have with alonside e are of outstanding; n risen. While th the factor really is vital Importance, the spirit of the yoluiers.one-hal- Think of It. f f the In the becinninsr only armies could be armed and furnished with ammunition. Regiments were nent - : rut with instructions to soldiers without rifles to wait until a companion fell and then tuke his weapon and ficht. And the wonctr of It is that they did this heroic, net. Now. happily, thanks to Japan nnd the t'nlted ?u'f5, lack of arms or tunmunStion is wholly a nichtmare of brave-hearte- d acain. the past. It will not all Russia there is one "Throughout belief that In the end their country will emerce victorious, a hinder, better, pweeter Russia to live in or to die for." Dr. Dickey's first assignment r.fter to the base hosleaving Petrorad was of Tlflis in Persia. south Khoi. at pital Thereafter he followed the army through Rhest. Kasviit. ilamedan and Kermanshaw in the advance against the Oerman-o- f fleered Turkish army. Dr. Dickey went to Russia upon n cabled request from Dr. T. l,yle Ilazlett. formerly of the Fourteenth resriment, N". O. P., now with one of the divisions of the Army of the Caucasus. The back word returning sursreon brings Is that his Pittsburgh conferee well and will likely remain tn the service until the end of the war. o-r- ur 12. Aug. ROME, discoveries Statistics Show First Reports of Mental Troubles to Be Exaggerated. REPORT BY ALIENIST m'u : French Expert Refutes tion That Latin Race Is Peculiarly Susceptible. No- I,' n. 'tfia L:J: ir rr---: -- .- . . I zwH v.." . - -- . . x- iwwii ri :vsi .-;- I to: The war has not driven mad so many persons as was anticipated in the early stages. Statistics thus far show that the first reports of men Koins? crazy tinder the infernal fire of modern artillery were exasr-cr- Pari. Aur. 12. In an effort to stem tlie onrashing tide of Russians who are advancing on Lemberg, General von Hindenburg has, according to a dispatch from replaced General von Bothmer as commander of the Teutonic forces. The Teutons, it is reported, are already withdrawing large quantities o f munitions and supplies in anticipation of being compelled to evacuate The photograph shows the main thoroughfare of the city. at e,l. Dr. O. Dumas, who has treated all the rases of mental trouble In one of "renrh armies, says that his data, 'ovrrir.c. Ilia first ten months of 1&1S, asrres with the reports of German doctors concerning madness amon combatants. He finds the cases of insanity caused or indirectly by the wax in d:rtly I ran e are quite as few in proportion a? those in Germany and offers the figures as a refutation of the theory of German specialists that the Teutonic race Is showlnc Kreat.T nervous resistance than the Latin. Dr. Dumas' report covers 1 S cases of derangement, of which only i per ("tit were cases of general paralysis. wb "? in most asylums In time of peace the proportion Is 15 per rent. This he takes as conclusive evidence that the and commotions of war have fatigues no influence upon the development of this form of insanity. General paralytics, however, when they become delirious, rave about the war. the same as cases in which the symptoms are quite different, and Dr. Dumas conclude that the life of the combatant often simply reives a war color to delirium that would have under normal circumstances, but in a different form. ervouj System lilt. Horror, inspired by battle scenes, sometimes works directly on the nervous system. developing- symptoms sin h as hysteria, speechlessness, deafness, losj; of the sense of feeling, fits of mental confusion or paralysis, not alwavs accompanied by hallucinations or delirium. optimism of the most exaggerated typ i the dominating note In hallucinations of the paralytics and Dr. Dumas considers It a wonder that officers do not In fits of exaltation pdve absurd heroic orders that lead to disasters. In one case a lieutenant who to the doctor that he had "'rleir.'d out a German trench with t'.vo machine jrim that he had carried on h;. back from a point several miles In ti e rear" had remained In command s rectioti until forty-eiKof hours before he was examined. A few days a captain was brought to Dr. Dunns, fresh from the command of his company, suffering from an equally radical fit of "exa ptrera ted optimism." Dr. Dumas reports seventeen rases of what he calls "reasoning madness" in which th fatigues and commotions o war have had no influence, but in which hallucinations previously existing were applied to the war. An artilleryman who, before the war, that he was charged with the defense of the radical and socialist members of parliament against what l.e considered the calumnies of the royalists and nationalists of the "risht" was hrouk'ht to a hospital suffering from a tumor. He Immediately divided th nurses of the hospital into two parties, the left and the right and would have nothlnsr to do with the latter while he betran to fall in love with one after another of the nurses on the left. The mentally debilitated are largely Of 185 represented In the statistics. cases, lid were sent to the rear as bein permanently inapt for further who prearmed service and fifty-fiv- e sented symptoms of delirium were Interned. Several of these. Dr. Dumas says, owe their mental condition to fatigues nnd commotions of war nnd all of them derive the themes of their delirium from their experiences at the front. There are among them Messiahs come to announce the final victory, messengers designated by Joan of Arc to show- - the way to success, spiritualists who have acquired occult knowledge of the plans of the enemy. Alcoholics were numerous In the first month of the war among the deranged soldiers, but have since been remarkably few. In August, 1914, 131 cases were brought to Val de Grace, of were suffering from which thirty-on- e alcoholism; In another hospital there were thirty-eigh- t out of sixty-fivOf cases eighteen had dethose sixty-nin- e lirium tremens and eleven of them died. They were all confirmed drinkers who had exaggerated their propensities during the exciting days of the mobilization. The number diminished rapidly after the first month, not a single case of alcoholism being reported during September from one of the most fortified places and only 162 developing In an entire army during the first ten months of last year. All of the 162 were reservists and In so far as their history could be learned, were old drinkers. th-"- l 1 1 - de-cla- t ht li-t- i.. iNO RWAY PLANS REPATRIATION Would Have Native Sons Re- turn to Motherland After I been in existence some time with this purpose In view, and also for providing land to be '"farmed by peasant youths desiring to start for themselves. a Another scheme has been started by big industrial man who needs thousands of men for his water power enterprises with the view of inducing the various Industries to appoint ageits in America to hire Norwegians there for employment in Norway and to assist them to return to their native land. The most recent government census shows that of the population of 2,."00,-00- 0 some 20.000 are returned Norwegian-Awere 1700 of whom born in the United States. The majorof these have taken tip farmA ity on their people Christlania. Norway, Aug. 12. own account, using as their ing "Home to Norway" movement is sweep- capital money they had saving while for others in America. ing over Norway at the present mo- working conA new emigration ment. The great emigration of Nor- sideration which will law is under for closer provide tfie United States, which, control of emigration wegians to agents and during the past fifty years has drained steamship lines it easier and making the country of young laborers and girls for to return to Norway by emigrants from the farms has never made itself giving them dispensation from military felt so much as in the last two years service if they have been r.way from while Norway hu been endeavoring Norway for a certain number of years to become more and more same time facilitating the the land at formore of and Independent restoration of their Norwegian citizen- eign imports. Although since the out- ship. have break of the war Indtistries grown In all parts of the country, this Close of War. self-supportin- g, not enough. Farming must be raised to a higher standard and more acreage devoted to the raising of grain crops. The Norwegian government Is trying to assist the progress of farming by the granting of cheap loans to farmers and providing them with Inexpensive lands for cultivation. Although the number of farmera has Increased recently, difficulties have arisen owing to the lack of farm hands, many of whom .still prefer to seek new homes in America, although wages for farm hands of both sexes are almost a,s high here as they are In the t'nlted States and better than anywhere else in Europe. The press all over the country is devoting much attention to this subject and strong efforts are being made to change the current of migration and bring back from America to Norway at least some of the farm laborers and women . engaged In agricultural pur suits who have In recent times left this GERMANS GET SCARE is rountry. The Idea of beginning a campaign young Norwegians there acquainted with the promising prospects In their own country Is rapidly spreading. One society with the title of New Land has In America with the object of making Nearly all of them resumed their service after taking the milk cure. The tendency of the alcoholics was to dream of battle and to see Germans everywhere. One of them took a detachment of his comrades for the enemy and charged them with fixed bayonet. The proportion of cases of mental depression among the 1188 was large. There were 2''4 In ten months mostly officers. The majority of these men realized their condition, although unable to overcome It. T am no longer able to give an order without immediately cancelling It." said one officer. "I cannot help weighing to an exaggerated extent every eventuality andI many imaginary consequences. always foresee the worst possible Issue to every movement am paralyzed by the anxiety to do the right thing and have become nothing but indecision and contradiction." A man who rose from the ranks to the grade of captain was haunted by the thought that he was unequal to his responsibilities and pleaded to be retrograded. Londoners Will Pay Tribute to Bravery of Cornwell, Hero Among the cases of this kind was a man who reproached himself for having revealed Important military secrets and who was haunted by the prospect of being courtmartialed for treason. There were 348 cases between March, 1913. and January, 1916. of mental troubles considered directly due to horror of battle scenes and commotion produced by bombardments. A considerable number of the menhave the mania of intally debilitated vention. Dr. Dumas Is of the opinion that the number of these cases outside the army would be found greater in proportion if the minister of munitions could make public the correspondence he receives from civilians. Among the debilitated were several men and officers who didn't know where and for whom they had been fighting. One declared that he was unaware that France was at war. Kierelied Over Ileport of Mrltlsh on Flemish Coast. Amsterdam, Netherlands, Aug. 12. Now that the entente allies have taken the offensive on all fronts, the GerI.Hodlnic mans are more than eyer reckoning with the possibility of an attempt to land Rritish troops on the Flemish coast, according to a frontier correspondent to the Amsterdam Telesrraaf. The marine corps has been reinforced, while a whole army of military workmen has been seen at the port of Recently an alarm was sud10 at night denly sounded at half-paand the garrison there hurried t" their posts. It turned out that no attack threatened, but the whole affair was a rehearsal of the operations for repelling a landing. The coastal guns suddenly belched forth, while th rattle of the mitrailleuses could be heard at Flushing. The entire maneuver lasted about half an hour. Zea-brugg- e. st CLERGYMEN HONORED Kccleklnntlcn Decorated for Itravery In Action Against Teuton Foen. Paris, Aug. 12. French ecclesiastics who have been decorated and cited in the orders of the day of the army for conduct on the field of battle gallant now number 564. Kleven were shot by the. Germans, 3 died from 111 3 4 were taken as hostages to Germany and 4 of them have died In captivity. The numbers of killed and wounded are not given out. but the number of citations indicates that they are considerable. during the invasion, ....... j I J i $3G3,11S,91S place. The decision is the result of the desire that the honor due the lad whom Admiral Reatty specially mentioned in his dispatch may be fittingly paid. Here is the reference In Admiral Beatty's report concerning: the hero, who was 16 years old: "Boy (first class) John Travers Cornwell of the Chester, was mortally wounded early in the action. He nevertheless remained standing at a most exposed post quietly awaiting orders until the end of the action, with the gun's crew dead and wounded all around him. I regret that he has since died, but I recommend his case for special recognition in Justice to his memory and as an acknowledgment of the high example set by him." The body was at first hastily buried in a common grave in Manor park, with only the number "323" upon a plain piece of wood to mark his resting place. In response to a letter received from the boy's mother, the admiralty has written announcing its decision to have proper honor due to his memory. The new grave will be In Manor Park cemetery or in a place to be selected by the mother. Cornwell was a member of a working class family, the head of which is fighting in the field. His mother stated in an interview that the boy's single desire from babyhood had been to join the navy as a sailor. He tried to enlist when the war began, but the father would not sign his papers until August. 1915, when he went to Tavenport for training. ss m. The Bergensfjord, however, and the Americans aboard her remained in "captivity" until the afternoon of the fifth. - i ) , .rJ.02S.478 1,990,307 Uuly October November December 1916. January- Lbs. SI, 400 I,2;il,;:il 8,053,442 144.000 481,846 855,375 1,665.340 2,218,211 490,400 418,034 . . l v i. V V Firid-trJi-n- c 1 Lbs. 0,759 5,.V9,22(J L'1,191 4,800,349 59,:J17 115,917 76,336 56,326 9,33,797 $3 7,855.605 .17,641,472 10,323,055 $4,401,311 3,635,962 6,589,970 5,736,605 13,501,629 8,543,498 $8,798,260 6,635,907 8,413 541 10,335,709 12,418,340 19,826,430 - - 1,078,200 240,797 12,374,773 177,827 '9,650,425 12,195.887 10,272,170 16,955,907 9,299.412 28,283,106 2,115,442 4,384,444 2,008,628 712,114 147,733 334,800 565,230 475,350 $35,787,372 $4,174,827 3,963,133 5,390,715 4,230,033 3.202,233 3,537,600 3,352,190- February Maren -- April I f Here is a list of oxrvorts of explosive materials from the port of New York for the year ending- on June 30. The heading", "Other Explosives," includes cordite nitrocellulose, nitrotolulol, trinitrotolulo, fuses, loauea projectiles, loaaea snens and gimcouon. The total exports of explosives from the United States for the four months ending; June 30 are given as a comparison to show the large percentage of explosives that are shipped from New York harbor. Cn... rrirlov flun . . llvnamitfl. . . . rvtwdur Hllior . . 'v I u i JU.VJ'lUl wo. ujnist j Stockholm, Sweden, A ug 12. Americans who arrived in Scandinavia rejord told cently on the steamer Berg-ensof a decidedly unique celebration of the Fourth of July on board that vessel. On the third of July the BergCTS fjord, a Norwegian ship, was "captured" by a British cruiser and escorted into Kirkwall for the customary examination of Despite the cargo and passengers. fact that they were to bo "captives" over the Fourth in a British harbor, the passengers decided to hold a fitting celebration and to read anew the Declaration of Independence. All the neutrals on board decided to join the Americans, and Captain Irgens of the Bergensfjord appointed a committee to arrange everything. The hour set for the ceremonies was 11 o'clock the morning of the Fourth. It was found at that time, however, that the British authorities required passenthe presence of all first-clagers and the reading 2of the Declaration was postponed until o'clock. At this hour the ceremonies were begun. "America" was sung, a short prayer was offered, and then Captain Irgen's arose. "I regret It very much," he announced, "but the Declaration of Indeas pendence must again be postponed, the the British authorities require passengers presence of the second-clas- s in their dining room." At 3 o'clock the ship's company as- y em bled again to hear proclaimed the principles of a free and independent people. But again Captain Irgens arose. "I regret again to have to announce n further postponement of the Declaration of Independence, but the British authorities, who do not recognize the Fourth of July as a holiday, say they must have the third-clas- s passengers in their dining saloon at once." Forty-fiv- e minutes later the British authorities had concluded their examination of the neutrals and this time the Declaration was read amid great IX EXPLOSIVES WENT FROM NEW YORK IX YEAR ' September j CELEBRATION JULY Pretended Prohibition. General LONDON. Is being expressed over the decision of the admiralty to remove from its nameless grave the body of John Travers Corn-wel- l, the boy hero of the battle of" Jutland, to a more suitable' burial IUK. ! YANKEES HAVE ODD ting Burial Place. Aug. 12. May Juno - 22,445 14,126.210 27,883,816 7.445.749 20.047.620 153,426 9,486.805 14,676,779 21,898,213 12.040,813 19,300,600 23.171,255 5,804,482 $1,116,922 141.024.151 $14,362,184 $211,852,440 1,807,480 $413,268 360,034 20,064,533 26,997,792 27,487,570 34,759,298 $16,868,523 22,245,946 21,300,333 $29,159,612 29,187,93S 28,484,45?) 67,610 114,971 33,842,4S8 Total exports of explosives from all parts of the United States during- four months ending June 30: I March j April I J May June -. .- 1,470,616 2,214,652 466.56S 1,008,051 524,115 notable No or inventions are growing out of the great war. In the opinion of William Marconi, the wlre-les- a inventor. In an interview with a correspondent of the Associated Press he said: "As for war inventions, on the whole there have been no great ones that occur to me. Most of them have been minor ones, or applications of knowledge previously at our disposal, as in the case of poison gases, if these may be named at all. In my own field there has been some advance in practical wireless by which we are now able to direct the artillery fire of a ship by signals from an which has been made possibleaeroplane, largely through the big Improvements in aircraft. "The big lesson In has been one of organization, Europe of the physical handling of big material problems br the armies. I doubt if anyone before this war ever realized the meaning and value of railroad transportation on a large scale, an it is practiced In the United States. Europe, too, has learned how to do big industrial Jobs t, to assemble raw materials and turn out needed factory products. "I refuse to play the role, so I would rather not sayprophet how many of these war products will be cf use to us when peace comes." Since the beginning of the war Marconi has had unusual opportunities for observing the practical side of the war, having early put his scientific knowlat the service of his edge As a senator of the kingdom country. he has visited England, Belgium, France and other countries, and introduced Industrial and shipping reforms. In his capacity as military officer he has come into close relation with army and navy and given the benefit of his science and business organization to munition factories. He knowledge has also perfected the army and navy wireless systems and is at present working on a signal system, which, it Is will render far more difflcnlfexpected, anhmo' rine warfare through the readier location and signaling of the presence of such craft. The details of this he was unable to furnish because of its immediate military importance. Many- Visits to America. T-me say." said Mamnnt "that rr of the personal Inconveniences of this war is that I cannot continue mv vlnitu to the United States. I began my visits in 1899 when your people so warmly welcomed and helped me. Since then I have been there exactly forty times, which Is perhaps a record." Incidentally the inventor referred to -the position of the United Stat t don't think th United States should ever fear any fatal, disastrous Invasion," he said. "Her seas protect her too well. She Is too mlghtr a oountrv in population and force to b ever con quered. I doubt if, with reasonable precaution, even her coasts eonlrt H tn. Jured or landed upon. The experience of this war has shown how easy it is to protect a coast bv submarine when the invader is a near neighbor. it is a ruie tnat will work both The United States would have vastways. difficulties In landing forces on foreign territory, say, that of Europe. Neither England nor Germany- have been able to get at each other, though relatively close." As to the prospects of peace tn Europe, Mr. Marconi said: "There are many people here who believe the war. that Is, actual hostilities, will be over by winter. Of course this will not mean disbanding the armies. Unless the Germans have managed to fool the world on their population statistics, they must give in for lack of menTtnd food to feed their people. "To me the saddest fact this war Is that so much energy about has been used up which might have gone to a better purpose. I fear, too, as must every thinking man in Europe, that this may not be Europe's last great war this half century. It may have during to be fought all over again within another thirty years, unless there is some way found of preventing future wars, of settling disputed interests otherwise. "I do not think Italy will have any serious trouble when the war is over. While she has suffered severely because of freight rates, she has surprised all of her European neighbors with her economic resistance and with the products of her factories. She furnished Russia with hundreds of thousands of rifles and millions of cartridges recently, and she is sending other war material to France. She is also manufacturing most of her own big guns, her heavy cannon, her machine guns. "Despite the fact that we occupy the soil of ancient Rome, we are a politically and commercially and recent events have proved our mettle. I doubt if any country is better organized from an engineering and transportation point of view than our- -. When the war Is over will gs work to build a largerItaly merchant marine and she will develop her water power for more and cheaper electricity." Concluding, the inventor pointed out that this is the first great war in which women have been so generally spared. "In early times we had sometimes entire countries where men, women and children were destroyed by famines and epidemics in war times. In our own days the progress of science, cf hygiene, has increased population and made impossible these old methods of destruction. War still remains, as the proves, and as a more present conflict terrible means of destruction than in' the past, with the striking difference however, that it destroys man and not the women." oTer-nigh- Lad Mentioned for Gallant 'Captives' of Britons Are Entertained at Dinner After Conduct Will Have Fit- mericans. lm-aidr.- e. SMALL Unlikely, He Says, That the Present War Will Result in Outstanding Inventions. j re- - GAIN 29,351,236 41,384,610 I - et - new-countr- y |