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Show ,." " " t THE 2 Hf,4 7 PROMPTED HER HKKxVl.U-KKl'UBLICA- .' ' SALT LAKE CITY, CTAH, SUNDAY, DECEMBBK is, unS N, TO ENTER THE WAR AND WHAT SHE EXPECTS TO GAIN Supreme Desire Is to Get Her Lost Alsace-Lorrain- e the . Most Notable Feature of New Movement of National Aspirations Is the Disappearance of German Influence and Prestige, Swept Away Almost in a Day With the Demand by the People That Italy Enter the War on the Side of the Allies y. Prov- inces of Trent and Trieste, Whose Loss She Has Ever Deeply Resented; the General Conflict in Europe Presented the Great Opportunity for Which She Has Patiently Waited V 1 a-- m ii04 Car. OME, Dee. 18. Premier Salandra made ii'fpeeeh at Turin the other 'flay in which he aid two words that Mimmp.l tip Italy's purposes in the tit- - present European conflict "national inspirations." These two words are .,1 hvorth remembering by anyone who wishes to understand Italy's role in rthe present conflict and how it differs from that of England, France, iKussia and the other parlies to the fcgreat struggle. Premier Salandra spoke at the moment the Balkan situation was absorbing the attention of the world, but die did not mention the Balkans. If Serbia or Belgium or Poland had been uppermost in the public mind lie doubtless would have passed that over, too, without mention, for the keynote of Salandra and Italy in this war is mot Belgium or Serbia or the Balkans or any other altruistic purpose, but adways and distinctly the fulfillment I - 1 - f ' - oMODEKA .. r'ntrn-yrat- lg XH: fPISTOJA ,TVf f Italy's "national aspirations." j fefiij . K--X: - BY CHINA the fact that the probability of this of the situation precise development has been ' indicated not once, but reto peatedly, in our columns. those, who are too learned in the hoary statecraft of this country, the entire sequence of events has been clear. Dirather remembers rectly one reaiiz'-that the, independence and integrity of China is guaranteed not by the power of Chinese arms, but by the strength of of action the Japan, England friendly Dee lis. Peking was stunned by powers, the present weakness PEKING of the international system in which in requesting that there be a postjHmeraent of the While the Chinese officials have be,n some- China finds a place as ?overeigrn counof the monarchy. is revealed. And the longer the powers owaros the try what apprehensive as to the attitude; of the toreignwere war is fought on, the weaker that inno that Chinese irovernment, they the in hoput structure becomes. On thi3 ternational change proposed interests m the far view, none but those who think of Chiactual obstruction would be offered by the nations with that ( hum could abandon na in terms of Mandarin thought can Vi t Until recctlv ther was a firm belief on could gt the recog- fail to realize that the rul of safety later and the 'republic without outside interference security for this country is. to l"ave and the I mted and untouched the things that hold us in nition for the new government from the European powers our politplace in the world'smomenStatC-5- . i , nra.eminiinl in far fast(rn ical peculiar becnune the, is orbit. It The failure of France to participate affairs. tous change which seems easy onJy to In the suggestion of the postponement The Peking? Gazette, which has mild- men whose mind Is ruled by nonmodern of the conceptions of government threatens of the imperial movement has created ly opposed the abandonment tim . f its discussion, a disastrous cll.'plaeement that the tlie from much discussion. The French minister. Obata, tame mind reads in it a horoscope of 2dr. Contv, pays tie was without intays of the rf presentations Mr.innd to evil thins. fcovfinmcnt. the Japanese charge d'affaires, structions from his home ".'. in ." much of affairs foreiftn Iiur-4diminister are the aIso commenting Quoted. Europeans on th- - failure of the United State to with the roncurrenoe of the Russian moment calls for the conn-p"Out the British ministers: participate. the Chinese officials take ar.d whatever the all Chinese Ht once idle and v'It of who, be would Naturally of errors their rulers may nnd the to fact only that in the dis?;ulsi exasperating menninj; comfort Fome n fieri rw rf IIia i n f ir v i tw A rid be, must remember that this land Is rt!isd.a and Kngland supported Japan. no desiro to ebiiin any now h nation's patrimony and possesI Ipv.cvcr. the feeling is pcnerfil in while we have or loresiKiu, it ' not.! sion. Confronted as the country is success soect.il in sot .U'ttmu that Japans lkiiif -- m w i shvuld recall J with a possible peril, it is to bw hoped mat Kussia. and of improper Knsland the support Officials Take Comfort in Fact That Only Russia and England Supported Japan in Opposition to Monarchy s c--r , if-PuM- 'm' l el i it. ' ( v 1 f , - V - r ( v 1 v5 an e dan-poro- 'A : . . New Parties in Saddle. This policy of seizing" the present moment, when all Europe is at war, for realizing Italy's aspirations, has swept aside old parties and leaders and brought new ones on the stage. It has given a name to a new party, lite nationalist, which is an extreme section of this policy of realizing T TALY S prime object in entering the war on the side of the allies was what she believed her best opportunity and it has m years. to regain her lost provinces of Trent and Trieste, which to her are what Alsace and Lorraine Italy's national aspirations,Rome are to the France. Trieste borders on the founded a newspaper in Adriatic and which is the the now for Italian at goal army away hammering Idea Xazionale, whose name again Gorxzia is striving. Trent is located just north of Verona and borders on the To the' the river. at Adige right proclaims this fundamental idea na-of top are Premier Salandra (left) and Treasury Minister Garcano (right) and Baron Sonnino, foreign minister of realization the Italian policy, who form war the cabinet of (right center In von is Prince center), ambassador Enelow German the Italy. (left), tional aspirations. None of the en- to Italy whose efforts to keep Italy neutral failed, and below him is Baron Macchio, Austrian ambassador, whose natente powers had any distinct efforts behalf of in also failed. To lower the is Giovanni Giolitti until neutrality who, right Italy entered the war, tional aspirations leading them to en- was the great power in Rome, but his influence his wrought undoing. ter the war, and they were moved considerably by humanitarian and altru- not end with getting back her lost manding position in the commercial, been the great power in Italian afist ie. ends. And that is where Italy's! across the Just financial Adriatic and industrial affairs of fairs, believed by many to be the differs from all the others. as?f provinces. counlies ot The Istria, that great stretch Italy. triple alliance was the po- greatest man since favour. He had she is in this war c.Iuetly to realize lier which used to be a Roman prov- litical bond, but German business men more than 300 of his partisans in the try national aspirations. was part o the Vene- were do.ng more than the politicians. chamber and his word was law. Early ince First and foremost of these aspira- tian and later republic. Italy does not forget Practically the entire import of for- last May he came to Rome determined tions is to get back Italy's two lost that this valuable shoreland along the eign oods, except coal, was controlled to Italy out of the war and" with provinces in the north Trent in the eastern Adiiatie was mire Italian and by Germany. German capital estab- thekeep chamber full' of his partisans west and the rich strategic country national should it lished feels that great banks, built and operated about to meet, it was supposed Gionorth of Venice, sweeping around the aain beaspiration Italian. And beyond that railways, electric light plants, fac- litti would prevail. Rut the force of head of. the Adriatic down to Trieste. lie the Aegean islands and the route tories, hotels with German managers the new movement for national asThese two provinces are the Alsace to the east, with Italy as the great and German waiters. Some of the pirations was underestimated. It was and Lorraine of Italy. They are esthis dazzling field, most influential capitalists of Italy led by skillful new leaders, with their nearest lying sentially Italian: all the people speak power and the great power having the larg- were of German origin or with Ger- own newspaper. The popular imagItalian: the Italian laws make them est coast line on the Mediterranean. man backing and gradually German ination was excited by appeals to get Italian citizens if they come to Italy; little short of pre- back the lost provinces and for a In this, too, Italy does not forget influence-becamone of the members of the Italian that old east in the of dominant was mistress Italian affairs. Even in Rome Italy. rabinet is from these lost provinces and vest and that a Roman emperor, political and international affairs greater Wild enthusiasm suddenly took posa and citizen and vet is an Italian and felt was influence Constant German often session founded the of inople people. Mobs formed cabinet adviser of the king. Italy has Constantine, These one the in hi name. laid of sins the the it end gave aspiragreat against streets; Giolitti 's house was deeply resented the loss of these two him not are and and laid Giolitti defined stormed. His supporters in the chamtions are vaguely against unjustly provinces ever since they passed un- a distinct part of the present nato lime the was that his policy up ber were hooted and insulted. It was der the political control of Austria, tional Gereven feared that a revolution might movement, but they of his recent fall was inspired by first Trent during the Napoleonic all go aspiration ms in the hopes ny. popillar spring out of the intense popular feeltogether Adricampaigns ami later the upper of an expanding and Fabric Swept Away. ing. Gradually, however, the soldiers atic country during the war with Aus- and dreams inand German of fabric vast Rut this police got the upper hand. Rut Italy. tria in I SG( i. She has always aspired greater almovement had triumphed, the new the The most 'notable feature of this fluence in Italy was swept away, to get them back, but it remained for aspirathe" present war to mould this senti- new movement of national aspiration most in a day by the new movement fulfillment of Italy's national from was watchword that the tions national (.terrealization of for the of sudden Italy's disappearance ment into an 'irresistible movement of is the folhehis and Giolitti time forward. to For that and influence. time, just ms n prestige years aspirations. Up 'national aquations." com fore Italv entered the war, Giolitti had i lowers disappeared from the ieene and But Italy's national aspirations no fJermanv had been building up a pro-Germ- .. ...r us i r( 1 are in seclusion. Italy denounced the triple alliance and on May 23 declared war against Austria. Since then all of Italy's energies have been concentrated on redeeming the two lost provinces 'and the fighting now going on in Trent and along the upper Adriatic is merely the latest phase of this great movement for the realization of Italy's national aspirations. Prince von Buelow's beautiful palace here in Rome is one of the relics of former German preige-whicpreceded the new movement. It is one of the finest properties in Rome, originally called the Villa Malta, but renamed by him as the Villa of Roses, as the spacious gardens are a perfect wilderness of roses said to number some 40,000' rare species, probably the largest in Europe. Even in these days of approaching winter profusions of roses hang over the walls and climb the sides of the fine old mansion. When Von Buelow retired from the German chancellorship he chose Rome as his future home, his wife being an Italian woman, Princess di and together they chese this of the roses. It was as a young palace Gam-poreal- c, attache of embassy here that Von Buelow met his Italian bride and Bismarck yielded for the first time to a request that a member of the German diplomatic corps' marry a foreigner a precedent which later gave Amer- ican wives to Baron Speck von Sternberg, Baron von Kettler and many others.. The VjlJa of Roses is as beai liful as ever, but the blinds arc closed and there is an air of sadness and desolation about the place, which has remained closed since Von Buelow retired before the rising tide of the new movement, culminating in Giolitti 's aspirations for control of the eastern coast of the Adriatic. Greece, too, is the small rising power of the eastern Mediterranean which might some day check Italy aspirations of becoming again the great predominating power ot" the eastern Mediterranean. So that there has been no marked enthusiasm in Italy about entering t lie Balkan conflict. The military leaders, like General Cadorna, commander in chief, have strongly opposed any participation, saying Italy's road lay to the north the rescue of her two lost provinces. Allied influence has been strong from outside, however, and a landing in Albania or a movement toward Macedonia mav bring Italy into the Balkan theatre of Avar. But in that case it will be because participation in the Balkan struggle holds out one more prospect fqr realizing Italy's national aspirations, in the territorial upheavals finally resulting from the struggle now going on in the Balkans. The two outstanding figures of the present regime are Premier Salandra and Baron Sonnino, minister of foreign affairs. They embody the spirit of Italy's policy of national aspirations, but are not of the radical nationalist party, which believes in spreading these aspirations over all eastern Europe. They are of the cautious and moderate class. Salandra was a professor of law at the university and he has the scholastic mind, which measures and balances everything, and is sure before he acts. Son- nino, inougii voicing an aggressive new policy, is also regarded as a sure man, one of the old school marked for his extreme rigidity and correctness. He has been twice premier, was leader of the moderate4 party, so that it was much of the concession for him to take a place under Salandra, who had formerly been o'ne of his lieutenants. These two cool old heads are thus carrying out the new and aggressive policy of national aspirations. It makes a good combination old heads for council and popular enthusiasm for momentum. And so this keynote "national aspirations," has become tremendously powerful and popular. It is one of those chance political phrases which for a time catch popular fancy. People here not only make speeches about it, but sing of it in popular songs and half the store windows in Rome have a big map bearing the inscription "Italy's National Aspirations." The people gaze at these maps and smile approvingly at the waves of red ink spreading over the two last provinces in the north and then down the eastern Adriatic through Istria and Albania for that is Italy s line of expansion on which she is fighting this war, or, as she chances to call it, her "national as- fall, the denunciation of the triple alItaly's entrance into the war. How Far Will She Go? How far Italy Avill go into the Balkan campaign will depend upon how far the leaders think it will contribute to their policy of Italy's national aspirations. They will not go into it as France has gone, to save Serbia. In fact, Italy's interests do not tend toward building up a strong Serbia, for Serbia, like Italy, has her pirations." liance and NIPPONESE ATTITUD that there will be no false one to assist the development of the danger. And let us hope that the executive will now read aright the prreat Fipns of our which because we are part of destiny, the world that lies beyond the eonfi"; of the seas la Inspired by the same that hath shapencd thu spirit kiui where the words of lancoln countries a common but rare inspiration: nre "That this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom; and that of the people, by the people, shall not perish nnd for the people from the earth.' " The Peking; Daily News, which Is as a government generally recognized of organ, tives a brief news account and the joint action of Japan, RussiacomKn gland, but offers no editorial ment, in its eclumrm devoted to corletrespondence it prints the following of the ter, which is typical, perhaps, officials views held by the government who are supporting the monarchical movement: "Si r Now that Japan has been guilty f her latest and most blatant ag-- . n retsion upon China I feel constrained to write to urge all Chinese to sink their differences and unite for the salvation of their country; 'The entire dislocation of international values was strikingly disclosed afternoon when a British and yesterday a Russian minister docilely followed a Japanese, charge d'affaires in order to murmur a respectful 'hear, hear' when he laid down the law to a Chinese minister for foreign affairs as to how China should conduct her domestic concerns. The matter is one of the gravest importance to China as she now knows that she can no longer rely upon the support that she has hitherto received from tho international prov-ernme- I I t ! nt guarantee of her independence and territorial integrity. At a time when the Chinese people have begun to cast their voces on the question of the form of government, the Japanese government has thought fit to proclaim its right to Interfere with China's domestic af false plea tnat fairs. On the her solicitude obviously for the peace of the far advised east her action. to postpone the Japan Chinainspired settlement of the form of governthe question a ofmore time. ment until opportune Britain What, I wonder, would Grest done if, have thought and said and had volunteered her adsay, Gurmany vice on the question of homo rule for Ireland? a good "It is. however, in some ways that Japan has shown lnT hand. thing Hhe can the easier be dealt with. Japan has determined the utmost advanmust be taken of the preoccupatage of tion the belligerent powers in Europe. She is confident that her 'special position' in the far east can be now established once for all, and Great Britain tind Russia evidently have their hands too full elsewhere to raise any accomplish her object objection. To she desires to accentuate the differences that exist between the Chinese in to the form of government so regard as to stir up internal disorder and then to step in as the savior of t lie peace in the far east and to claim the proper reward, the form of which she would determine for herself. The plot is obvious enough, but it will succeed unless the Chinese themselves defeat it. If the Chinese sink all their political differences and present a united front to their inveterate enemy, Japan will a Japbe failed. Xo exeus for sending anese army into China can be found unless the Chinese give It. And unless Japan succeeds In her plot to enso that disorders in gineer things China give her the chance of landing in her army her claim to the far east and priority over all other nations will remain unestabliehed. I Chinese to exhibit true appeal to the in this grave crisis and to patriotism show the Japanese that though they can hoodwink the British and Russian the Chinese people cangovernments, not be induced to, assist Japan to bring pre-eminen- ce China to the abject fate that overtook Korea. Yours, etc., Briton." all of the more prominent Practically who were Chinese officials, even ofthose monarchithe net hearty supporters cal movement in Its inception, are of the that It is impossible to abanopinion don the monarchical movement at this time. Such a course is regarded as more dangerous than any international which might follow the complications disregard of the advice offered by other powers. - , . MOONSHINER MAINTAINS The most picturesque lawbreaker of who is the south is the moonshiner," more sometimes referred to aIn hi-"Hill Billy." peaceful avocations as show that Statistics recently iscompiled not on the decline the moonshiner" and efforts to stamp him out have proved abortive. Although revenue officers continue active from year to year andoffederal such judges sentence long lines offenders to' the penitentiary as regas the terms of court roll around, ularly and the business acontinues to flourish his mountaineer serves anas soon as sentence lie goes back and starts other "still." The mental attitude of the moon-on shiner has often been commented sees and is generally understood. He no reason why he should pay the government a tax on whisky he makes his own corn and wilh himself, out of as he may have at hand. nuch apparatus his conscience '"oes not Furthermore, iquor reproach, him for selling the HIS PLACE IN SOCIETY without a license after he has made it. With the exception i nits of "potproclivities and a habit in the :eud unfriendly neighbors ting" district the illicit distiller may be a model citizen. So far as he. or any member of his family, or any neighis concerned, the fact that he has abor, reflection on still somewhere is no can a his character, and he seat at church. occupy prominent There are also economic reasons a mountaineer persistently converts why his corn into whisky at the risk of his life. ; His corn is usual!' grown on poor land and is inferior in quality. moon-shinin- g Besides, he would have to haul his corn a Jong distance over rough roads before finding a purchaser, even at a low price. The temptation to "concentrate his to him is an product and makeis what enormous not easily resisted, profit so as fast as one still is destroyed another springs up to replace it, Birmingham Age-Heral- d. |