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Show LEIII FREE PRESS, LEHI, UTAH SEEN and HEARD &t& around tte NATIONAL CAPITALA By Carter Field fAMOUS WASHINGTON e not only from Los Angeles but from Seattle, El Paso, Buffalo and Erie. The American Retail Federation and other retail groups are Some of the estimates for the total amount of Canadian and Mexican goods brought in legally without payment of duty under this $100 exemption runs as high as a year. They say it is not only the money they always do say that. But when Mrs. Smith Jones meets Mrs. Brown Robinson after such a foray to dutyfree stores across the line she boasts about it. This not only encourages the second lady, and her sisters and neighbors to go and do likewise, but it builds up the sneaking impression that the American storekeepers are a lot of gyps, and that it is positively a civic duty to thwart them in their attempted robbery. $50,-000,0- Come-O- n Then, too, the storekeepers know perfectly well that the person who goes shopping to get a bargain generally buys something else. That is the whole underlying basis for the "loss leader" device so frowned upon by the federal trade commission. The store advertising some particular bargain knows that if it can get people into its doors by selling something the customers know is very cheap, the probability is that one in every two will buy something else something on which the storekeeper makes a real profit. So this mouth to mouth propaganda that bargains are to be had over in Windsor, when the Detroit folks are talking, or down in Agua Caliente, if the Los Angeles and San Diego wives are talking about their shopping, is insidious. Some of these tariff dodgers really buy only for their own use, but many of them resell, and make the trip as often as the law allows ofonce every thirty days. Canada fers tempting furs and duty-fre- e British wool cloth and garments. Mexico has fine Indian art objects. Both admit varieties of foreign goods almost duty free because they do not happen to compete with local (industries. According to the Los Angeles merchants, the movie stars are the worst offenders. They like to run 'over to Mexico anyhow, for one reason or another. They resent federal taxes in a really big way and get a thrill out of cheating Uncle Sam legally, which may not bother the Treasury much but it is certainly a pain in the cash drawer for the Los Angeles department stores and specialty shops. Incidentally, Los Angeles thinks the proposed amendment futile. It would permit the $100 exemption only if the tourist had been out of the country at least forty-eighours. " "That's just a nice say the southern California dealers. iThey want the period made much longer. ht week-end,- Not an Accident It was not Just an accident that cveral newspapers had prominently displayed stories the day after the announcement of Justice Willis ,Van Devanter's resignation that the probable appointee in his place would be Senator Joseph T. Robinson of Arkansas, the Democratic leader of the senate for these many years. The story was deliberately fed out by several senators who are strongly opposed to President Roosevelt's Supreme court enlargement plan. It was intended to embarrass the President in his fight, and to make the contention that the court needed "young" men. Being as the Arkansas senator is sixty-fivand is known to . be a conservative at heart, the idea of his appointment was calculated to open the way to columnists and editorial writers all over the country to point to the absurdity of the Situation. But it was more than that. The story was put out by senators who not only are opposed to the President on the court battle, but who would not object to seeing him embarrassed aside from that. In ao-su- rd e, I Cause Is Still Uncertain.! vented It. But lighter-than-a- ir R-1- Pass Up Big Guns Strain Under Observation L'f V! 4 lit i? "sweet" is under J1 N ' tht :s really 'VatlOO Of : e United e specialists of States Department of griculture. The common yellow and white blooming .'Ctciovt-rin 11,. s uiuer substance known as cuur is believed this suiu "r. fed Lu- live o tui. iv vwnrii li. properly cured clover Two plant explorers u'. ; .e Tt u! . ,H? IJ. it j; hlfy j : depart-meri- t, J. Morse ar. j p. n sett, seven years ago sor.t back a specimen of a new sv.tetc'owr irom me uninn provir ' m China. It was an annual. S. then 57 lots, an Diennials, have been obtained from central Eu: ere and Mongolia. None o: them are W. R;, bitter. Repeated tests with the new sweetclover have convir .cd the forage men it does not contain reports Dr. E. A. HoUowell of mines at work In the Fmnl.ivpes of the United States bureau - clover specialist of the Bureau helium prefor of rrvnirpnic "laboratory, where research data necessary Plant Industry. are developed. duction and purification Preliminary work at the Wisconsin experiment station shows that ne in solar the spectrum, assis'; On the present basis our governname which live stock prefer the new sweetclothe new element to the naother ment is not permitting ver to the common varieties. Spoiled had suggested for it. tions to buy its helium, despite the Lockyer hay of the clover has been fed to airwithout is in Past. our navy fact that Germans Lucky rabbits and calves without ill ewe ships to use it. The only airship The United States, with her plenffects. have left, the Los Angeles, which teous supply of helium, has used The new clover is shorter than as us to over part turned Germany it in operating her airships, but American varieties and produces is over age, the Germans have always been of the spoils of war, decommissioned and in hangar at slightly skeptical about the Ameri- fewer leaves. The forage specialists are trying to cross the nonLakehurst. can enthusiasm for the gas. It is, bitter clover with domestic strains Hydrogen, the lightest gas known, next to hydrogen, the lightest gas to lower the coumarin content of is the most practical for airships, known, yet its pay load efficiency is the domestic strains. Attempts thu? except for the fact that it is also 20 per cent less. Despite this fact, far have been unsuccessful. one of the most explosive things on hydrogen costs about $2.50 per 1,000 -; r f 1 V"-1- - ft" -- 6 ,. 1 1 " j. x5 I Appearance as Guute in Telling Age of Animals that amount for helium. At that rate it can't be wasted cheerfully in maneuvering a ship. Up to the time of the Hindenburg crash, the Germans had been very expert and not a little lucky in handling their many airships with- General appearance is the best guide for age in hogs and poultry. With horses, cattle and sheep, their age may be told with a fair degree of accuracy by their teeth; however, this requires experience and various factors, states a writer in the Rural With horses the first pair, upper and lower, of their front teeth are up and in wear at from two and to five years of age. The other two pairs of incisors come in one year later for each pair, so the horse is full mouthed at five years. The cups indicate the age from out losses due to fire and explosion. 129th The Hindenburg w a s theofficial of a noble line (the number of the ship was Of her predecessors, 10 were never completed, 25 were lost by storm and accident, 6 by causes unknown, 21 were dismantled, 4G were wrecked by the war, 11 were turned over to the Allies after the war and 7 were sabotaged that they need not be surrendered. The Graf Zeppelin and the Los Angeles are the only ones left. The old Graf carries on like the veteran she is, her comings and goings between Germany and South America hardly occasioning comment any more. She landed a t Frankfort from Rio de Janiero the day after the disaster, with 23 passengers, and was immediately grounded indefinitely. She will not take off again without helium. Before the World war helium was worth hundreds of dollars per cubic foot. It was obtained from minerals e, such as cleveite, fergusonite, thorianite, and other radioactive minerals, as well as uranite used by Ramsay. But it was not until war-tim- e that the New-Yorke- LZ-129- ). f , - I Dr. Hugo Eckener, Zeppelin expert, who says all airships must now be inflated with helium. earth when mixed with air in the right proportion. Helium has not quite the lift of hydrogen, but it is safe. "He 4," as helium is known by its chemical formula, is described as "an inert, colorless, gaseous element of density 1.98." Sir Norman Lockyer was the first to discover it. During the eclipse of 1868 he detected its existence in the sun; it was a bright yellow line in the solar spectrum which could not be associated with the spectrum of one-ha- r. lf then on, starting with wear at sjx years for the lower, center incisors and advancing progressively one year for the others. General appearance, slope and shape of the surface are of importance also. The horse's from side to teeth are side, when young; at nine the surface is about round, and then becomes elliptical from front to rear. After eleven years general appearance is the only guide. egg-shape- d, Gizzardless Chickens Chicken specialists ir the Depart- ment of Agriculture seem to have the question as to just how the settled useful a chicken gizzard is, at least to their own satisfaction. They op on a number of chickens, erated United States bureau of mines their gizzards, and sewed removed solved the problem of producing feedit from natural gas in quantities them up again. Put throughthe gibirds normal with tests ing sufficient to inflate giant airships. zzardless chickens have done well The victory of the bureau is con on finely ground feeds, but failed sidered an epic ot science. A to digest coarse feeds efficiently. The first helium plant laystill is 1934 was at Petrolia, Texas, but the hen operated on in rooster ing eggs and a gizzardless compressors and other apparatus has This 1033. lived happily since for extraction were later moved to prano of great but is interesting Amarillo, a better location. Here our mind the government has a complete ctical importance. To to eliminate would better much be plant producing helium from a gas a few field which is one of the world's the vocal cords from roosters we know. Country Home richest in the inert, Magazine. gas. mo-nazit- war-tim- e j ' Nazis Never Enthusiastic. In addition, Uncle Sam has established helium reserves in just the way that he has oil re-- if, 6,000,000-A- . One of the far-sight- 11 a'Wf3 St ., 1. la serves. - It-I- 0f U. S. Specialists. P It is notorious how such senators as David I. Walsh of Massachusetts, Royal S. Copeland of New York, Burton K. Wheeler of Montana, and 9- - A Vic Donahey of Ohio have been by1 on on many appointn.ents passed which senators would normally be consulted. Two preliminary moves figured as weather vanes to indicate how things were shaping. A house committee voted five to four to cut Interior of the compression building of I'ncle Sam's helium plant at relief expenditures from a billion of the cylinders in the foreground holds about V and a half to a billion flat. This Amarillo, Texas. Each of the Hindenburg was 3,700,000 cubic feeL The cubic feet. capacity challenged not only the President's of cylinders it would have taken to fill the airship number the Imagine views as to what should be apto capacity! propriated for relief but his own economy plan to cut fifteen per cent from such appropriations as he airships when the Dixmude disap- any element then known. He suggested the name for the clement, peared December 21, 1923, presummight choose. which is taken from "helios," the been destroyed by lightMore important, because more ably having Greek word for sun. Mediterranean. the over ning votes were involved, was the action All Helium. Owns S. In 1895 Sir William Ramsay U. of the house in voting 3.11 to 7, on But the Hindenburg accident has found that when the mineral uranite a roll call, to extend the CCC enmrs convinced the Germans that they was decomposed by acid it gave for only two years instead of makno longer operate their ships oil a gas which would not combine can as the Presithem permanent, ing with hydrogen. And where are they with oxygen to "burn." Further, dent wished. Unimportant except as to obtain helium? The United States when examined spectroscopically by showing the temper of house members, they voted also to cut the has a monopolyin on all the world's means of an electric discharge, it American natural showed a bright yellow spectral salary of the CCC director from helium! Only line which Sir William identified gas dees helium exist in sufficient $12,000 to $10,100. Cell Syndicatc.-WQuantity to extract and fill airships. with that which Lockyer had found Scrvlct. yfAs NU SWEETCLOVER THAT -- ' XJVu ii Supplied by th United of Agriculture. U A sweetclover a, TT. a Now Robinson is a very popular man among his colleagues, all magazine articles and general reports to the contrary notwithstanding. Not that he has been particularly misrepresented in either magazine articles or gossip. He is hot tempered. He would do almost anything for the sake of the Democratic party. He would sacrifice almost any conviction if it seemed to interfere with the chances of success of his party, and he goes to what some think are extremes in loyalty to whoever is the party leader at the time, whether it be Woodrow Wilson insisting on ratification of the League of Nations treaty without the dotting of an "i" or the crossing of a "t," or whether it be Frank-li- n D. Roosevelt insisting on six "young" justices for the Supreme court. But his colleagues understand that. They are politicians too. They know what the Democratic party means to a man of Robinson's age, who was raised in the South, and who has seen local federal officeholders appointed by an opposition President during all his adult life. So they do not let the things that seem to offend some outsiders trouble them at all in appraising Joe. Outside of these points, which do not bother or even mystify them, they think Joe a grand person. He is an old friend of most of them, a a pal, a hunting companion, a golfing opponent yes, even a drinking companion. So if the President throws him which down, after all this build-uhas been fed to the newspapers by the President s enemies, the least that can be said is that it will not do the President any good. landing. Whether one of the conditions cit-- ; Much Like Revolt ed in this brief review was the President Roosevelt is confronted cause of the explosion, or whether with the most difficult situation he the true cause has not yet even has yet encountered. It has all the been suggested, one thing is cerearmarks of a revolt. It may peter tain: An explosion of the highly out utterly, in fact, the reasonable inflammable hydrogen gas wrecked explosion probability would seem to be that the airship. And no such it will. And it may turn into the sort could have occurred had the Hinof mess that will continue to plague denburg been filled with inert, helium gas. Thereby the President as long as he rehangs a tale. mains in the White House. The Germans are the only nation Senators and representatives are which has continued to make prog-- I insurging in every possible degree, ress with craft. The and on every possible issue. United States abandoned it when a It began with the government re crashes culminatseries of organization proposal. This was ed in thedirigible loss of the Macon off to give every member of Point Sur, California, something February 12, the senate and house pause. 1934. Great Britain said, "No more There was not a vote in either when the crashed house which was not slightly or dirigibles!" October 4, 1930, with 46 on board, importantly influenced by personal prominent ministers, at friends and lieutenants scattered including France. France forsook Beauvais. through the government departments and bureaus any or all of whom might be put at the mercy of the White House in the course of the The insurgence became positively eruptive after the President asked congress to surrender its control over appropriations by permitting him to cut any one of them fifteen per cent in his discretion. This followed the proposal to enlarge the Supreme court, which has received plenty of public attention, and does not need any diagraming. So there is bad feeling, among members of his own party, toward the President all over Capitol Hill. Pre- - fill 1L Thus spoke Dr. Hugo Eckener, he who is known as the world's great- Robinson Popular p !'f " Farm IS REALLY "SWEET" must be no more with hydrogen. We flying face. We about an make must must use helium." i r est authority on lighter-than-craft, after being informed that Germany's proud Hindenburg had crashed spectacularly upon c o m pieting her maiden 1937 Atlantic crossing at Lakeliuist, N. J. There have been seeral theories advanced as possible causes of the disaster, but no one is yet sure which is the correct one. and it is doubtful if anyone ever will be. Sabotage was suggested, merely that no possibility be overlooked, and immediately rejected. It might have been static electricity which set off the highly explosive hydrogen gas. All aircraft are apt to accumulate it, especially when flying through or near a thunderstorm. But this seems unlikely in the case of the Hindenburg, for her ground lines had been down three minutes before the crash, and presumably all charges of static electricity would have passed into the earth. Spontaneous Combustion? Another theory, more complicated than the others, was that of Prof. Otto Stern, of Carnegie Institute of Technology, and formerly connected with the Zeppelin works in Germany. Professor Stern expressed wonderment that the accident had not happened sooner, due to peculiar action of the proton of the hydrogen atom. ex- The hydrogen proton, he plained, is charged with positive electricity, which is offset by a charge of negative electricity in the electron, which covers the proton like a shell. When the gas is leaking under presssure, many of the protons lose their electrons, and race madly about seeking new ones. This causes spontaneous combustion. So rapidly did the flames engulf the ship, the versions of witnesses as to the cause were varied (fire swept from one end of the Hindenburg to the other in 32 seconds). Several insisted, however, the rear port engine was throwing sparks from its exhaust as the ship came to the mooring mast. The theory considered most probable at the time of this writing is that these sparks, whipped by the wind, peril a p s , ignited hydrogen being valved out as the ship came down. It is customary to valve gas in All the Sam Own Up.dc- - ffPHERE 1 deed it is not too much to say that some of them, most active in pushing the idea that the President would certainly appoint Robinson, and getting it in print, were opposed to the court plan mote because they were against Roosevelt than for any intrinsic merit in this particular battle. Now the point is of course that Robinson has cherished the ambition to sit on the Supreme court bench for nearly tv.ei.ty years. There is not a member of the senate who doe j not know about it, r.ut because he talks about it all the time, but because m such a lor.g period of time such an ambition would naturally reach the ear of every member of t'ie upper house. IIlli"m U By WILLIAM C. UTLEY CORRESPONDENT Detroit and Los AnWashington. geles merchants are burned up because their citizens buy so much in Canada and Mexico, bringing their purchases in duty free under the $100 exemption. So they are trying to get congress to amend the law. They have no objection to the $100 limit being applied to returning European tourists, or for once a year tourists who take their vacations in Canada or Mexico or Cuba. But the man who runs across the international line from some nearby American city every little while, chiefly for the purpose of getting tarifT-frebargains, that's the fellow and his wife they are after. Detroit merchants estimate that citizens of that city buy about worth of merchandise a year in Canada under this $100 exemption clause. The city's board of commerce has representatives in Washington working to stop this "leak." They are getting The Old CRASH? THeTHnDENBURG WHY DID In the past steps have been taken to permit the sale of Uncle Sam's helium to Nazi Germany, to insure the safety of airship flight, but Ger- many had never been overanxious or insistent. Indeed, one version has it that the United States offered helium to the Zennpli but certain German experts con- sidered the expense of thp enfor gas too great for commercial use a..u. lunneimore, cited the greater lifting power of hydrogen. The President has been eiven dis cretionary power to sell helium to a foreign nation, if he has the rec- ommendntion of the secretaries of interior, war and navy. According to Watson Davi di- rector of Science Service, to whom the writer is indebted for much of his information, "There is admitted- ly a war angle to this Question f whether America should relinquish even to a limited extent its nature-give- n of helium. But there monopoly was a growing feeling that the air-f.u- p l:ne across the Atlantic should be made as safe as possible. That would mean extending to Germany the courtesy of helium, just as the navy has given them the facilities of Lak.";h"rst ai"hip station, only suitable landing field for air! ships in eastern United States ' C Western Newspaper Union, American ' Legume Gain m changes major in the last 6,000,000 - acre i- agriculture five years is a ncrease in annual legumes plantea alone and a gain of nearly 3.000.0UU acres of annual legumes planieu to with other crops, according News. Capitol federal analysis, says i Oats Shrinkage of Stored sta- Tests at the Ohio experiment oao show that wheat and n stored in bins in good condition ve j kept free from rodents shrank f,vc' a Over little in storage. loss ir period, the average was in wheat shrinkage of one per cent. Average slinnKa with oats was less than ure of one per cent. The moist .mi J tent of the groin varied dore:iain0 to month, from month the weather. tion scven-tcn- u uvo-o- nu . - Bromcgrass nmr.el, most .ifhifh is drouth-resista- t accora- perhaps - - ina to a writer in the i ..' ea er, should be sce-icspring when thcie is an d i' r" . jy in lK ,!n;iidar.ce it .niir.er moisture, or in la'e -- ttogve sufficient moisture is pi' tor. The it a good start bef e yi pounds of seeding is 2o I" :.. 'broadso he un acre. It may east with red clover, to c- rswcot clover, but it tcaas out the legumes. of i - |