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Show ! UTAH LEHI FREE PRESS. LEIU - n Fifty Famous Frontiersmen - ' n I. f ,. NICHOLAS By CHER IE The Pioneer Photographer has been setting out on a romantic Journey. He Is William EL Jackson, past four score years In age, who has on the path of bit been historic the Oregon trail. youth, Among the thousands who passes' over that trail, Jackson la unique For be was the pioneer photographa of that "highway of a westward-farfn- i nation." the first man to traverse It with the erode photographic material of 65 years ago. to make a pictorial record of the country through which It ran In its primitive state and to make hundreds of photographs of Indians, among them chiefs and warriors who became famous by their deeds on the warpath and in the council lodge. Born In New York In 1843 Jackson became an Itinerant artist a In the Union army during the Civil war, a village photographer aftIn the erwards, then a fortune-seeke- r West In 1868-6- be was a "bullwbacker for a freighters' outfit hauling supplies from Nebraska City on the Missouri to the valley of the Great Salt Lake In Utah. Next he and his brother set op as photographers In the booming frontier town of Omaha, but when the Union Pacific began building west Jackson left his brother to run the studio, and started out to record what was happening In what was then the real "Wild West" To get pictures he took the chance of losing his scalp, but be got the pictures I So successful was be that Dr. CL 7. Hayden, bead of the United States geological survey, offered him a Job as photographer for the expedition which started out In 1870 to survey the old Oregon Mormon trail and the old Overland Stage route. For the next ten years he accompanied other surveying expeditions and it was on these expeditions that he took the pictures of scenes in the West Indians, frontier posts, etc, which have become such a priceless heritage to posterity. In 1871 he made the first photographs of the marvels of the Yellowstone country and his pictures, as well as the dlscoverleT of and the specimens collected by the Hayden expedition, of which he was a member, played an Important part In the creation of the Yellowstone National park In 1872. In recent years Mr. Jackson has been research secretary of tho Oregon Trail Memorial association, tn which role he Is completing the work started when he was not only a frontiersman himself but the pictorial historian of the frontier. aon-in-la- w back-trackin- -- 7 .. Argentine Cowboys. cltT. kr Natloul Frprd WNU Scrrlea. WutlHUl. D. C 0rrphle Argentine governtnent U IU fighting force devastating locust hordes with 12,000 miles of sheet Iron tarrlers to be ased on Its famous pampa. I'ampa was the Indians' name for Spanish colonists took ths plains. name, and thus the world knows the vast, flat Argentine grasslands that sweep from the Atlantic seaboard to the foot of the Andes mountains. History picked the pampa as a Tast . stage for one of its most eventful g dramas. and Probably no other region. In to brief a time, has teen more astounding changes. Uore Europeans are settled here, more v magic cities are leaping up, more railways being built, and more wealth amassed than la any equal area below the equator. Ask Paris waiters if any other visitor spends like an Argentine cow king, who "leaves all change on the plate." Alfalfa alone, as we shall see, migrated te this new land to bring It amaxing economic strength. In a few short decades, with such forces as prise balls, barbed wire, cold storage and fast ships, man turned a wilder-- ' nets Into a farm so big and rich that bow It helps fix the world price of bread and meat This swift rise of ft new Canaan, whose theme song, as a Texan hinted, Is the ceaseless moan and bellow of myriad klne, affords a fantastic example of mass migration. Its marvel la not In the tact that millions of white settlers swarmed across the South Atlantic to this fecund pampa. That was extraordinary, of course; you can Imagine the infinite host slipping down tinder the equatorial horizon like figures turning in a phenaklstoscope. Extraordinary Migration. But the whole truth Is harder to Imagine. Not only did the millions move from southern Europe, but, as If lifted and carried overseas on some magic carpet, they took with them to of European the pampa a life. Speech, culture, religion, manners, and customs they carried; likewise tools and trades even their animals, fowls, grains, fruits, flowers weeds.' Today their thistle almost covers Argentina. Tradition Bays the first thistle seed came over accidentally, in the long hair of army mules! Along Immigrant trails into the pampa a scattered fringe of European grass, weeds, vegetables, and berries first grew up, where fodder, camp refuse, and seeds from food were dropped, Just as along the Santa Fe and Oregon trails our covered-wago- n trains Introduced many berries, plants., and fruit trees from farther east History holds no parallel In time or space to certain aspects of this amaxing movement of people and ' plant life, But, one asks, since whites first landed, some 400 years ago, why was the conquest of the pampa so long delayed? The reasons are plain, yet curiously Interesting. Except for Indians, who at first dwelt near the River Plate country, the pampa was empty. No glittering pagan cities, no rich gold mines or . Inca treasure were here to lure the Also, Europe still Conqulstadores. lived then from Its own farms. It had tot yet grown so thickly peopled or so highly Industrialized that, as later, It had to look overseas for more bread and meat . Here, as In our own laud, white eettlements were long confined to limited regions. The Atlantic seaboard sad been settled for many generations before we knew much about our Far West So it was on the pampa, with this difference : Spain, who early ruled most of South America, long allowed sea trade only through Porto Bello (Puerto Bello), In Panama. It took about two years, by land and sea, to exchange goods between Cadis, In Spain, and the setiiemects along the JUver Plate, (Plata). Early inland Developmtnt This decree, while It made life hard for traders In Buenos Aires and encouraged smuggling by Dutch and English ships, really hastened the development of certain Argentine back country by many centuries. Tucuman, Uordobtt, Mendosa, and Jujuy, for example, though far inland, were founded centuries ago because they lay along the Andean mule paths over which Spanish goods came down from Panama and Peru to the Plate settlements. .'. , Some of the first sugar mills In the western world, crude and primitive yet making good sugar, were built about Tucuman. THE swift-movin- cross-sectio- . n Pack trains snd creaking caravans d of freight wagons plied for many years between the Argentine northwest and Buenos Aires. While the pampa was still as empty as Oklahoma in 1870, they crossed it on a trail. Just as our own ox wagons traded from Missouri to Santa y Fe In the days. And there was the same Indian menace. Old maps show a string of forts across the pampa west of Buenos Aires. Here the Indian frontier was hundreds of miles long, and the forts stood guard between Indian ratders and the white settlers. From the lookout towers on these forts soldiers watched the waving seas of psmpa grass for signs of skulking Indians. Sometimes a wsrnlng that Indians were sneaking through the tall grass was given by fleeing animals or by sudden alarm and movement among the birds. Again, charging past the forts on horseback, Indians, carrying long spears, raided the ranches behind the lines, and In the course of years many Spanish women and children were aelxed and carried Into captivity. These Indians stole cattle, also, by the thousands and drove them over the Andes for sale In Chile, Indians Finally Subdued. Through all these turbulent times the pioneer colonists stubbornly pushed their settlements farther and farther out on the plains. Finally, about the same time that Custer, Miles, and Crook were conquering the last of our warring tribes, Argentina sent the famous General Roca on his now historic drive against the pampa Indians. This campaign ended forever all danger from these predatory savages. The heat and hammering of Indian raids, outlaw fights, and desperado forays, the trials of revolution and civil war, produced a fighting breed, hardy and audacious, fit to handle the thundering herds and guide the rising tide of immigrant farmers from southern Europe, Although the swift growth of pampa farms and cities Is of more recent date, foundations for this power and wealth began In the days when San Martin marched his cavalry over the Andes and helped Chile and Peru win freedom from the Spanish yoke. History always emphasizes war and politics. To such prosaic yet significant events as the coming of highbred live stock, the Introduction of foreign grains and forage plants, or the advent of railways, wire fence, and windmills, or the rising tide of imhistory often migrant makes but casual reference. let on the pampa, all through the Indian raids during the lawless days of Facundo Qulroga, the Pancho Villa of Argentina, and especially during the wars with Paraguay and Brazil, these economic forces were gaining momentum and paving the way for what Is today the rich and virile Argentine Republic, The pampa, with Its 250,000 square miles, is to Argentina what the Nile valley is to Egypt It works with the rhythm of a great factory; so many square leagues of corn and alfalfa fed to so many million head of cattle and hogs mean so many shiploads of meat for Europe. And there Is wheat I So much wheat that a big crop here affects the world price at Liverpool, and so hits the pocketbooks of wheat farmers In the United States, Canada, Australia, Russia, and elsewhere. Coming of the Railway. Let us look at what you might call the "stage props," or mechanics and scenery, which the Argentineans have set up to make their humming pampa one of the world's amazing Industrial spectacles. In the old days when a gaucho's wife wanted to visit her neighbors she sometimes rode sitting on a dried horsehlde. Her husband, mounted on his horse, dragged this homehide sled with a long rope tied from It to his horse's girth. On this primitive conveyance, rough as a North American Indian travots, the pioneer pampa woman rode, slipping over mudholes or bouncing through clouds of dust Over this same pampa now palatini 'passenger trains, with sumptuous diners, sleepers, and glistening observation cars, race from town to town, over level tracks, often with no curves for scores of miles. Hailing rrom Newhuryport, Mass., and shipwrecked on the shores of Argentina. William Wheelwrisht built the first really Important railway over the pampa. Today his pioneer line forms part of the Ventral Ar;ti"itin system He planned the Tr.in:"'w lir,;, hut did not live to see It built high-wheele- well-wor- n ante-railwa- home-seeker- map-mak- The First Forty-Nin- er spring day In the Forty-NIner- - four-hon- er year 1848 a came galloping through the streets of San Francisco, sprang from his weary horse and rushed through the plaza, hatless and travel-stainewaving aloft a little bottle filled with some shining particles and shouting "pold! Gold! Gold from " the American river 1" Thus It was that Sam Brannan, frontiersman and adventurer, won the For title of "the first he was the first to bring to San Francisco authentic news of the discovery of gold by James W. Marshall near ONE v AA Ktvl'iy long-distan- J r 1 7 trans-Mississip- Slow to Accept "Cermi" The germ theory of disease want most unbelievable a aaj 'pirj half-centu- more ago. - JLL?L - COMES now the season when fancy, It stern duty, turns to thoughts of getting the household sewing done and out of the way before yielding to the magic spell of spring days which entice to the Joys of the great Lacking Inspiration, we suggest that you make the rounds of the wash fabric displays which are glorying the aisles of all dry goods establishments these days. See what happens! An urge to buy and buy to the limit ef your budget will take possession of you and your plans for home-sewin- will mount g sky-hig- h with enthusiasm. It's worth trying. In some unexplainable way the prospect of doing the family sewing is apt to take on a sudden lure and glamor as one fondles the lovely new waffle piques which are so prominently displayed this season, likewise the smart twin-pridimities, the dainty crinkled organdies In pastel colorings, also the plaided cottons which make frocks for the such smart shirt-wais- t important-minde- d Junior Miss, and the perfectly fascinating sheer batistes, handkerchief linens and Swisses and point d'esprlt nets which tell you at first glance their mission Is to be made up Into party frocks which will go dancing and frolicking through happy spring and summer days. Assuming that "children first" Is mother's slogan when the sewing campaign begins, a few hints and suggestions as to the general trend of Juvenile fashions may be welcomed at this time. For Instance, It might help a bit to know that dresses of the heavier practical cottons such as broadcloth and the very attractive calico prints and percales go In deeffects this cidedly for school-girlis- h season. A dress which answers to the call W ? ' Why Hospitals Use a for utmcst simplicity and one which accents the charms of the growing girl because of its bright red and white coloring, its big bow tie and Its wide turnover collar Is shown to the left In the trio of pretty wash dresses pictured. Dressmaking Items to take note of In the other schoolgirl dress is the fact that the skirt is gored, the shoulder line Is broadened by means of sleeves which have extended pleats while the collar buttons at each shoulder with one pulled through a loop In the unique manner Illustrated, And now while we are upon the subject of practical print wash dresses suppose we consider the needs of big sister as well as those of the little school-farin- g members of the house hold. The favor for daisy motifs so pronounced last season bids fair to continue this spring and summer. The daisy print employed for the dress on the young woman standing to the right In the picture ts ever so attractive In Its fresh springlike coloring of white and yellow flowers on a lettuce green background. The majority of the new wash dresses are fashioned with gored skirts as Is this one. sleeves give breadth to the shoulders. The stir pllce collar takes on a rather wide organdie ruffling which is joined o the daisy print with a tiny lace beading which suggests fagoting. tie-en- d Polnted-at-the-to- p C by Western Newap&per Union. ." Sutter's Fort But this was not the only historic 'first" In the career of Sam Brannan. Back In the late thirties and early forties he had been a Journeyman printer, a free lance writer, an editor and "a natural-borpromoter." Also, he was a full fledged elder In the Church of the Latter Day Saints until the Mormon leaders a little later had occasion, and very good reason, to expel him. In July, 1846, he brought to California a colony of some 300 Mormons, the first American colonists to reach Yerba Buena, the little Spanish settlement on San Francisco bay. Immediately he began on the series of his historic "firsts' he preached the first English sermon ever heard there, he solemnized the first American marrlape on California soil, he set up the first flour mill and gave the settlement its first newspaper the California Star. After he was expelled from the Mormon church, he became the first California promoter by getting out a special edition of his Star and sending 2,000 copies of . the paper overland to the Mississippi valley and the eastern states, extolling the virtues of the country to prospective settlers. Then came the discovery of gold and " Brannan's role as "the first His sensational announcement of the gold discovery depopulated San Francisco within a few days and resulted In Sutter's little kingdom of "New Helvetia" being overrun by a swarm of goldseekers. In the wild era that followed, Brannan prospered, tie was gambler and banker, merchant and hotel owner, Importer and exporter, gold digger and real estate speculator, shipowner and smuggler. As San Francisco grew he loomed larger and larger on Its horizon, and at last was ruling it like a Chinese mandarin. Then misfortune overtook him. Hie later career was one of "ups and downs" but he never remained entirely down, and when ho died In 1SS0 at the a;je of seventy, he was fairly prosperous. In contrast to the poverty which had overtaken those other two early Forty-NlnerJohann August Sutter, the former "king ef New Helvetia" and James W. Marshall A IKI. Wmimw Colo. Forty-Niner.- s, Nwrr Though borse breeding wssatl, between the Fifteenth Seventeenth centuries, racing Institution Is die to Count Ste FzechenyL "the greatest Hungar who Introduced regular horse fZ! In Budapest about 100 year, Horses became yet more of t f Ion, and It became the habit to drit. to the city park even four or sij Land. The greatest horseman of the fe century was Count Maurice Sanflg, of Metternich. His tt plolts were known far and near as Inspired artists and poets. He greatly admired In England as tht winner of many a steeplechase. Hi, boldness had no equal He nertr went np the stairs of Fortress hlD Buda otherwise than on horseback and loved to Jump, regardles e whether it was over three carriages, or the heads of soldiers who tried to stop him with their bayonets. lie was greatly amused at the consternation he caused. H liked to go to fairs and Jump over the loaded carts of terrified trade men. He could ride any wild bon and could not be equaled at races and riding. J last few EVERT summer for the years a gray haired New Yorker v Hungarian Noble Famei at "Greatest Horsem best WATSON ELMO SCOTT 1 3 SrfW Home Sewi"g COLORFUL DRESSES FOR WINTER WEAR KNITTED CHECK two-ton- Hospitals and doctors have ilvm used liquid laxatives. And the pubfic is fast returning to laxatives in liquid form. Do you know the reasons? The dose of a liquid laxative can U measured. The action can be It forms no habit; you need not take a "double dose" a day or two later. Nor will a mild liquii . laxative irrilate the kidneys. . The right liquid laxative brings i perfect movement, and there no discomfort at the time, or after. The wrong cathartic may keep you constipated as long as you keep on using ill And the habitual use of irritating salts, or of powerful drugi in the highly concentrated form of pills and tablets may prove injurious, A week with a properly prepared liquid laxative like Dr. Caldwell's Syrup Pepsin will tell you a lot A few weeks time, and your bowelj can be "as regular as clockwork." Dr. Caldwell's Syrup Pepsin is an approved liquid laxative which all druggists keep ready for use.lt makes an ideal family laxative; effective for all ages, and may be given the youngest child. Member N. R. A. For Hard Coughs Colds That Worry Yoa Creomulsion Is made to give preme help for coughs or It combines 7 helps in A- mm m A handkerchief with three huge colored clock Initials ex tending entirely across the linen square from edge to edge are about the most novel and daring of new sports handkerchiefs to make a last minute dra matlc entrance. The Initials arc hand blocked and so far have been see In red, brown, black, green and blue on a white background. man-size- d A IRRITATIOit Mm V."'!Vjf-tf- i Relieve all drynes and! Irritation by appn mg it- 't Full Sleeves Prominent in Late Paris Designs Handkerchiefs With Initial, Are Latest th HASAl long-sleeve- d d one the best helps known to science. It Is Xor quiche relief, for safety. But careful people, more and more, use it for every cough that starts. No one knows where a in?-gis-t g Man-Size- su- colds. nothing If it fails to bring quick relief you seek. Tour guarantees It Use It safety's sake, e Together with collars, sleeves can be considered as the most important item In the new fashions by Paris deEven when the waistline signers. hasn't been changed or when the length of the skirt hasn't been very noticeably Increased, all the sleeves In the recent collections show a novel cut n original trimming or some other Interesting detail. There are two tendencies at the present moment One Is to continue emphasizing the armliole of shoulder line; the other one Is to leave It quite simple and trim. However In both cases, full sleeves are still prominent or cough may lead. No one can tell which factor will do most That depends on the type of cold. Creomulsion costs a little more than lesser helps. But it mean! the utmost help. And it costs jot Br CHERIK NICHOLAS Bright dresses to wear under winter coats are getting prominent play. They are, for the greater part black background with sprig patterns. Then there are what stylists like Lo cnll patterns In checks and plaids. The Junior miss will consider herself the most Individually dressed member of the party if she turns her peplura upside down at the waist and extends the top of her hip nockfts to an attention-drawinpoint. About pockets on evening dresses, the deeper and wider, the smnrter. Practically no evening dresses are being shown for Juniors. There Is not a precisely sophisticated look to the Junior evening department this year, but they are delightfully feminine, being shown In taffeta well flounced on the skirt Liquid Laxative (4 I Rlentholatum nig" and morning. Salt Lake City's Wfwest Hotel If p i i ill,?.! jnv w ""S J.hein!eestIng ' i"-.'- ? . thln .v., Mima -- tuMWHBWH!" I? ZUnlV ffrock Mti 1 about the mod ,g yardae thot Koods. took! The checks. Here you see how smartly a B,tW flTwhen In the very mlT wSw"ftrk 8ty,lng-The u - scarf TftSZ !a ?rereenkn,tted'abrtc' 5K Is of The U admirable for general wear or trav- - HOTEL TEMPLE SQUARE 200 Rooms 200 Tie Batb Radio connection i every o RATES FROM fl3 Jtat tppoxf ERNEST C taktnck ROSSITER. Mmtme |
