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Show EMERY COvfXTY PROGRESS. CASTLE DALE. TTTAH - z fl o IwVl m . Jl i. U "First in the Homes of ft JD His Countrymen "r ' ' I THE CONSTITUTION has been much the concerning Hussion quidation of the doz- Spending ens of New Deal agencies. Masi Stop agency u jg a discussion first. Mr. Roose-Z- t that is timely because, the for forthcoming In Ws I'li'is a Lernmect budget contemplates r,I,re-Bte- d vast the 'D outlay9 Wage in the emerSencT agenda, and of political .eoond it is a matter Whether Mr. Roosevelt Is rejected or whether there should be a him In the White Republican succeed 1937. somebody House In January. , of the BDSt clean up the wreckage ttobabetical soup which is what all of must these various agencies eventually They cannot go on; an end become. mist be had to the expenditures and of that will conclude the operations and, further, something agencies these for agencies to the way of permanency that may he kept must be worked out It is one of the real problems of goveThose who have been In rnment. e Washington any length of time recog-lizthat It is much easier to establish I government bureau and populate It iltn bureaucrats of a political hue than It is to put an end to the agency boys Wd send the political patronage It Is really an old story to hack home. here and, I believe, all of observers difficult If not them recognize how dangerous it is going to be to dynamite the alphabetical agencies out of exi11- lately We have had evidence lately of how efforts are initiated to maintain these agencies even when Thumbs Down they are legally dead, stence. of them undoubtedly have and are serving a useful purpose. Undoubtedly, some of them were needed long before Mr. Roosevelt brought bis New Deal to Washington. Instead of that fact making the wrecking Job easier, It makes the Job more difficult It is very hard to convince plum pickers that their Job Is a temporary one, even though they were so informed when they were appointed. It Is more difficult to convince that type of Individual that their agency Is not or that It Is of less consequence than a neighboring agency Some terved Recently in Washthere was ington held a much ballyhooed meeting to which some three thousand representatives of business Interests were invited. It was called by George L. Berry, the top man In what Is left of the NRA structure. The purpose was to find out what business wanted In the way of a revived NRA. Business did not want NRA revived and the meeting turned out to be a genuine flop. There was nothing like three thousand representatives In attendance and the meeting Itself gave a good many persons the Impression of being staged for the benefit of the American Federation of Labor, to which the old NRA catered. Mr. Berry, until lately the head of one of the large union labor organizations, did not convince business that It needed more governmental Interference, Indeed, If business went away convinced of anything beyond the fact that Mr. Berry's meeting was a flop, It left Washington with a deep feeling that It did not want NRA In any form nor did It want any other governmental agency messing around with Its efforts to get back on Its feet The circumstance Illustrates better than anything I know how parasitic agencies in the government seek to perpetuate themselves. One must realize In considering such a condition that all of those employees obviously want to keep their jobs. In the case of the attempted revival of NRA, the political factor Is Important Mr. Roosevelt said, it will be remembered, that when NRA was organized it must be regarded as something of an experiment and that If the experiment failad to work, he would be the first to say so. He has not made that announcement yet for, It is considered, if he admitted that the NRA experiment failed to work he would be admitting defeat for one of his earlier a pet projects right In the face of Presidential campaign. Politicians do not like to make admissions of this on NRA another set of alphabetical bearing tetters. addition, the plum pickers have patronage backers at the capital. In their representatives and senators The Int- erested In building up their own political machines back home naturally pot people In the political Jobs who will be most helpful In assisting tha'. representative or senator .o be Thus, It becomes rather obvious that even if Mr. Roosevelt y tries to liquidate the various alphabetical bureaus, boards, eomruls-ikin- s and administrations, he has a task on his hands. If by chance a Republican should be elected nd Mr. Roosevelt retired to private life, he, too, will find himself criticized, cajoled and threatened when he seeks to squeeze the water out of this structure known as government which was opanded so much In Mr. Roosevelt's Plans to meet the emergency. particular serl-ensl- I believe It will take the four years of the next President's Frankly, rail . term to unseat all of the excess job hold-HarTask ers and eliminate from the government W of the surplus alphabetical agencies. ie very nature of things It cannot done more quickly. The answer lies " the fact that these agencies embark ambitious programs that cannot tolled. The government becomes commlttea to certain propositions and, Pt In war time, most of them must m executed. So, however you examine situation, Uncle Sam Is well hooked. Logt d kind. Illustrate how difficult Is the Job getting rid of a government agency " It Is once established, one need atgo further than the late NRA. Six r seven months have elapsed since the supreme court unanimously clipped the wags of the famed nine Eagle. That Vision did the work of wrecking NRA completely as a bombshell can " a bom when a direct hit Is Rut, whether you renlize It or J we still tmve ,n Washington an wsanlsatlon of almost 2,500 " U 18 true tha' number Is of the tl. y n,y a,,PUt em-nrt1- one-fourt- h " General "Crack-DownJohnson .I '6 Mm nnd SU'dlnK the flight of I,:"Kle DBt 11 at 1 ! le w8 assumed at tlle sPreme court decJ! payment laim. r the NRA pay J" 201 at the same time. However. " , Hon TIKm,3 that the h "ys Wasi, little admlnlstra-whic- h mneT 8ome p,ace wlth t who " . , ,ur , nopoly. nSHVelt'8 uiosi oDscrvers mlous executive or-4o- r Anything it snvSK"Uthorlty1,0 n,re forct tnan " D1 of dollars are tanL. tnosands Worke-on the first and - s - sign very month and thor i 'bat these payments will be soon. nep "ample let ns go back uUs- - In order to success-America- 's part In the Sver"nent took over l4 onerni , me railroads, A gigantic . In tne last The Trade commission a rather rear has blossomed forth as with consultations Its In sound agency rethe merits I business and, believe, has for generally business which spect respect and It But with all ofthethatTrade commis-slo- n that the knowledge only be fair, tries to codes of fair industry have presented approval. commission practice for attempt o The details of the futile Blue Eagle back Into the Seen related at this length to nave holds In the way 8how what the future of structure our on of barnacles the If we have many more and , cancer a be to ble l Sneer thus far has proved Incurable. ascertain, have very constructive work to do. has no official statu. ",M,niM"n except such as Is given It by it e It will be recalled as well that after the Supreme court held the business codes of NRA to be unconstitutional and Business ie business codes Fights Back were the vitals or was much there the NRA structure, from the congress exerted'on pressure White House for reconstruction of some sort of a program to succeed NRA. Business did not want it any more then than It does now and It was fought back while the legislation was that congress result The pending. lines of compassed a law permitting merce and industry to organize and frame their own voluntary codes. was Jurisdiction of these codes Trade commisplaced In the Federal was supposed to sion That agency with business and work In in deto exercise a Judicial function codes were propthe when termining laws against moerly within existing To .' Pennfylvtnia Society, organization was built up here In Washington and representatives of the railroad administration were far and wide throughout the scattered country Commitments were made that continue even to this day. Credit in the form of government loans was extended to the rail lines and several hundred million dollars of that amount remains uncollected to this day. And with all 18 after years we still have a railroad administration operating ia Washington at government expense. Another wartime agency about which little Is heard but which still is In existence Is the War Finance corporation. It floated bonds nnd made loans to private interests and those commitments have forced retention of a skeleton organization that probably must be continued for several years yet before the job of liquidation is complete. One could go on and on In Illustrating how a government agency becomes a parasite on the government structure to remain, long after its usefulness has ceased, a burden on the taxpayers. It Is hardly any wonder then with the knowledge of what has happened in the case of other governmental agencies that there Is a question of how long It will be before the present emergency alphabet can be eliminated. It is likewise a matter of concern what the total cost is going to be before the mess Is finally eradicated. ffashinston.-Th- ere to tne fall- - I e Wstrn ?erspP TV! IOa PIOMOTIXI ABOLITION OF SLAVEKT. Till MUtI or M FREE NEGROES, trauwruuv una : r : .r e w - t BONDAGE nu. lumot uova w thi . uut, WHIM AU AODIO. Twurrr.TiiiiD or TO v ' o 0 im. THI ;U W. thi ACTS OF THE General AJTcmbly of Pcnnfylvania, roa thi Gradual Abolition of Slavery. p mm ft m itmifir Mia. a V. ? aftAk 'fit U afc Urn f''; fV1 ir. I'll , vlitLl ftn." mi I" -- W H0 miLJDMLPHIJi mrd n jouni jAiot, n cunair-nur- J IiJt M n r A FRANKLIN PLAY'NO THE MARMONIA, HIS r J .v , . 1 XhIS Inftrumenr or Pnli THE EARLIEST KNOWN PORTHAIT OF FKANKUIN PAINTED BY FEKE IN PHILADELPHIA IN 1748 NOV OWNED BY HARVARD UNIVERSITY btvfog became, and by theft Prefcaii becoaiog a Member of 0 By ELMO SCOTT WATSON 4UmhV,.JrmVfihF" the hearts of his countrymen," then Benjamin Franklin, whose birthday we observe on January 17, should be hailed as "first In the homes of his countrymen," because "his Inventions and adaptations of his discoveries have found their way Into well-nigevery American home." Until he invented the Franklin stove, the first stove In this country, successful Americans heated (or tried to heat) their homes with open fireplaces, of which it has been said that "when you tried to warm yourself, you scorched your front while your back froze." He also Invented the valuable contrivance by which a fire consumes its own smoke, and his pamphlet, "Cause and Cure of Smoky Chimneys," revealed the correct principles of chimney construction which rid the world of the annoyance of smoky fireplaces and chimneys. Franklin contributed to the health of his countrymen by being the originator of the modern science of ventilation. He was the first to discover the poisonous quality which repeated respirations give to the air In a room. He was the first to call attention to the folly of keeping fresh air out of hospitals and sick rooms. When most of the world slept with bedroom windows tightly shut, he was a vigorous advocate of open windows, fresh air and proper ventilation. When there were no bathtubs In American homes and the general custom was to bathe but seldom (not even every Saturday night I), Franklin was an advocate of frequent bathing and took a hot bath twjee a week. He also advocatthe forerunner of ed and practiced the modern "sun bath." Although he was not the discoverer, he was the first to demonstrate the production of cold by evaporation (a fact up to that time unknown to science) thus paving the way for modern "air cooling." Franklin was the first to advocate dressing sensibly. He made tests of various colored cloths on snow which showed that black and dark colors absorb the heat from the sun's rays and that white does not. He made recommendations regarding white clothes for the tropics and white cloth helmets for the troops In India which were adopted many years later by the Brtilsh. He Invented a laundry mangle, which lightened the burden of Ironing clothes after, they have been washed. (Washington records In his diary the fact that he saw a demonstration of this machine.) People who wear spectacles can thank Benjamin Franklin that they do not have to carry around two pairs one for distant vision and lenses For he Invented one for close-up- . and made a pair of spectacles with such lenses in them for himself. three-wheAmong his many other inventions were a conbe could that chair clock, a library an artificial arm for verted into a a taking books from high shelves In a library, one-archair that could be used like a desk or restautable for writing (the modern "one-arrant" has added another use for it), the pulse for turning a roast glass and an electric jack of meat. Do you know why you enjoy the convenience of all kinds of household utensils operated by was electricity? It's because Benjamin Franklin of current a that electricity discover to first the can magnetize a piece of steel. He found that a wire carrying a current of electricity and wound around a piece of iron makes the iron a magnet. It Is upon this fundamental principle that the telegraph, the telephone and the electric motor are based. In a world that believed that lightning was caused by poisonous gases exploding in the air, was Franklin by his famous tests with a kite were and electricity that lightning to prove able Identical. Knowing what lightning was, he was able to control It as much as man Is able ex-to control any force of Nature at least to the tent of reducing Its hazards. He did this by which Dr. Charles Inventing the lightning rod, deSteinmetz, the modern "electrical wizard," clared to be the best and most reliable protection we have against lightning. Another way in which Franklin protected the for one American home, or, at least, compensated to orwas to it, disaster which might happen fire insurance company the first the ganize ..n.!.n,ioini.ia Contributionship for the' Ensurance Fire." But more of Houses, etc. from Loss by s 01 rmiuucipnm ImDortant to his the first fire was the fact that he established fire. ie company to protect the city from he civic enterprise, that with content And not also did these things for Philadelphia (thereby for other cities to follow): providing an example City 'TLTJJA OME one has suggested that if Washington is supposed to be "first in of MUtW, tea Kfftif Jul vn xrnirim(. nu-i-f el felJOW-ClUzen- en-k- U A.1m;;n. tfutt yittttr fhJ,e 6ttA,ilftf 0jL jjficjC tgrcctblc wood-burnin- g cJZZJl. MJa tocoU the twtW7-fih- h bc&; (la Coo&Hlaa for rofcrjif die Sua of mm CM Mia Ci. A ftiumuiQ h step-ladde- OWN INVtrtTlOrf e IWet epSredby ibiiPoCcy arc or IN WITNESS WltE W loMafiuuJ, till) Ar Aitm ,4, t i4 SembcnWl hie CuUriiiuitmllut. In r.ik nf llita Palifm Ik.tl h - n::.t I f .1 tree Latent of the Uid Dad tfSittlantnl. fibe enfured elfewb Tj fill the Tenor pLS ' j V' r.i k iharoBcyto UvoM. , m 8eu CWrrfartk- -, pjj m mhnffrm tlitOCeiM mm nocMCKBan HMinJ km T mwmmM POLICY IS&UEO BY INSURANCE COMPANY FOUNDED BY FRANKLIN y He organised the first society and made the first protest to congress against negro slavery. (The title page of the constitution of this society is reproduced above.) He was the originator of the idea of a Leagne of Nations and the first to advocate a policy of legal condemnation and punishment of a nation which commits aggressive warfare. i Not all of Franklin's contributions to bis countrymen and to the world, however, were strictly utilitarian. Many of them were cultural nni in these he exhibited the greatest versatility. He was one of our first writing among others a "Sailor Song," "The Mother Country, "My Plain Country Joan," and "Fair Venus Culls." He was a leader In the musical world of his time, wrote on musical harmony and played on several musical instruments, Including the harp, the guitar, the violin, and the harmonla or glassychord, which he invented. This consisted of a series of graduated glass bowls, pierced by a spindle and revolved by a foot treadle. The music was produced by holding the fingers against the moistened glass. Franklin conceived and organized the Junto, the forerunner of all the service clubs (such as Rotary, Klwanls, Lions and CIvItan) f today. Out of this grew the American Philosophical society, America's first organization 'of scientists. He was the first American economist He was the first president of the Society for Political Inquiries of Philadelphia, the first society In the United States interested In promoting the study of political economy. He conceived and established in Philadelphia the first successful circulating library, the forerunner of those we have today. He devised a reformed alphabet which was based upon simplified or phonetic spelling. Franklin was Instrumental in founding the College of Pennsylvania, which later became the first real "university." He originated the elee-tiv- e system of college studies, also the "group system." He was the first to recommend the teaching of modern languages, the first fo advocate training In agriculture and In the arte and sciences and the first to prescribe athletics as an adjunct to a college education. Benjamin Franklin was the first real American newspaper man and. as such contributed many He "firsts" to the profession of journalism. established the first foreign-languag- e newspaper In America (the Philadelphia Zeitung). He made the first attempt In a colonial paper to Illustrate a news event by engraving a crude type-metmap of the siege of Loulsburg during the war with France. He was the first American cartoonist and two of his cartoons are especially noteworthy. One was the snake device with Its motto of "Join or Die," an appeal for unity among the colonies In resisting the French and Indians. Later it was put to good use as a similar appeal to the colonies in the Revolution. The other was his "Brittanla Kaduced," which was Intended to Influence British public sentiment in favor of the American colonies and point out to Great Britain the sad condition which would result If her harsh policy toward her American children was continued. " Nor are these "firsts" all that can be credited to Benjamin Franklin for, as the Encyclopaedia Brittanica says: "A summary of so versatile a genius is Impossible." But they are enough to Indicate how apt is the suggestion that he should be regarded as "first In the homes of his caused the city to be paved ; organized the first street cleaning system; reorganized the antiquated city watch and caused the city to be efficiently policed ; and established there the city's first academy, Its first library and its first anti-slaver- hospital When the American housewife brandishes her an assault on dirt and trash she can thank Benjamin Franklin for this invaluable ally. According to the story, of which there are several versions. Franklin. saw a whisk broom that had come from abroad, in the hands of a woman acquaintance. He examined It found several seeds, planted them and from this start came the broom corn Industry In this country. But the broom corn was not bis only contribution to American agriculture or horticulture. He Introduced the following useful plants or grains Into America from Europe : Scotch kale, the kohlrabi, Chinese rhubarb and Swiss barley. He promoted 'silk culture In Pennslyvanla and Introduced the yellow willow into America for basket-He taught the farmers of Pennsylvania to "plaster" their land. He Introduced fowl meadow grass Into England from America and the "Newtown Pippin" apple into both England and France. He was probably the first American to direct attention in a published writing to the value of education in agricultural science and was probably also the first to suggest the Insurance of crops against storms, plant diseases and Insect pests. Franklin was the first to propose "daylight saving" the feasibility of setting clocks forward Jn the summer and back In the winter in order broom In song-writer- s, making. mmmmmmmmmmwmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmwmmmwmmmmmwm ed JOIN, or DIE Franklin's Snake Cartoon. He was ridiculed for the Idea at the time but modern Americans have adopted his idea. He started the first thrift campaign in that his maxims of "Poor Richard" did more to encourage thrift and Industry in the colonies than any other thing. He organized our postal system and was our first postmaster-genera- l. Franklin was America's first "weather man." He was . the first to discover that northeast storms come out of the southwest, in other words, that storms travel In an opposite direction to the He was the first to discover that the winds. temperature of the Gulf Stream is higher than than of surrounding water, and the first to have that stream charted. He was the first to demonstrate that oil on the water will still the waves. He pointed out the advantage, later adopted universally, of building ships with water-tight compartments." He can not be credited with originating the Idea since he took the hint for it from the Chinese, but he did Introduce the idea into the western world. to benefit by all the daylight possible. conn-trjinen.- " .. A- - , C Western Newspaper Union. |