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Show August 3, 1973 HILL TOP TIMES conquerors. Unlike the Within this definition, the first Chicanos were the English who brought their to settle in America, the Spanish came for gold, glory, or gospel.' Consequently, they did not bring their wives and families, and those who chose to remain took wives from among the Indians. As a result, the culture of the Chicano has elements of its Spanish and Indian heritage as well as influences from the United States. Chicanos are American, families not Mexican, the scope of the term. Along with Mexican nationals there are other subgroupings such as the within Americans" "Spanish from New Mexico and southern Colorado and Texas, many of whom came as part of the migrant stream every summer throughout the state. Also among the yearly migrant stream are those who have been called "wetbacks" because they have illegally entered the United States at some time seek employment. Finally, there are a few to Sometimes "Califomios," Chicanos, are inaccurately, Spanish-speakin- g Americans. not they Captain Garcia Lopez de Cardenas, a member of the Coronado expedition, reached the Colorado River near the southern edge of the Great Basin but probably did not get into the present state of Utah. The first Chicanos to definitely enter the state 1540, but the Latin Whether are or. really Chicanos would depend upon their own desire to be associated with and their, acceptability to the Chicano community. warfare.38 This early contact led directly to fur trapping operations by traders coming from Santa Fe into the Great Basin. As a result, the Old Spanish Trail was established, finally creating a link between New Mexico and southern California. The passing of the fur trade, the coming of the Mormons, and the Mexican War of 1846-4- 8 combined to bring an end ot the old patterns which had attracted numbers of adventurers from Santa Fe to the areas surrounding the Great Salt were members of the Dominguez - Escalante expedition of 1776.37 This expedition, which was the although former Mexican nationals are included called "Spanish pioneers." In . many Santa Fe traders. The slaves traded were usually Paiutes and Western Shoshonis taken by the Utes and Navajos in . first non-India- n penetration of the Great Basin, set down the names Indian tribes and features, geographical of most of which are current today. While the Escalante expedition failed in its objective major comestablishing munication and .transportation connections between Santa Fe and the Lake.39 In. many Southeastern portion of the state is linked culturally to northwestern New Mexico and California settlements it did lead to the development of trade from the New Mexico settlements into the Great Basin region. It is impossible to determine how far northward Spanish trade with the Indians actually reached, but in its westward passage through Montaina and Idaho, the Lewis and Clark party observed many signs of contact southwestern Colorado. San County, Juan particularly, contains many of the elements of the cultural patterns of those areas. Grand and Emery counties, too, have long had established populations of Chicanos, many of whom came from Colorado and New Mexico. Immigration of Chicanos from other portions of the Southwest and from Mexico did not take place to any appreciable degree until the turn of the century. Some Mexican nationals who left Mexico during the the between ways, the from Santa Fe Spanish . and area Indians. The Utes and Navajos, particularly anxious for Spanish horses, often engaged in furnishing slaves and pelts to the Page Utah attracted Chicanos in large numbers. In 1944, the Utah, settling along the where they became employed with section gangs for the railroad.40 Others settled in the state's mining districts. In 1912, when labor-manageme- nt disputes, in brought strikebreakers. Hundreds entered the state at the time. the During Depression of the 1930s, the mines suffered a setback, and Chicanos, like other minorities, were forced into other types of employment. Many became agricultural after the beginning of World War II. They came not from Mexico but from the southwestern states of In A Debt? and the war boom of NON-PRO- F IT COM- "Once in 393-869- 7 S3J5T23 WELCOME TO GROWING FAMILY OF WESTINGHOUSE DEALERS . . . YOUR VOLUME FACTORY APPLIANCE ORDER E SHIPPED . . . KNOW THESF APPLIANCES WILL MAKE NEW DEAL SALE HUGE SUCCESS . . . aV f lifetime savings! on Home Improvement Center EuA Heavy Duly Washer Big 13 ll capacity Heavy Duty Spiral Rjmp - Price w 1 Ogdra I ! 1 Aqilator- i j 3 t i" -- J"ri M. H 01 . I " , . i Security thinks the only good bank is a close bank. Hv o And we live up to it. In the Ogden RoyLay ton area alone, there are 10 First Security Ranks ready to serve you. And no matter which bank has your account, our inter-us- e privilege lets you do your banking at whichever bank you're close to. If you aren't near the bank you use, use the bank I Iw y11 2" 2 BivH iinr,i lid . V Ogiirn ,,(,,. Hhtl , ' Oi r ln l' I ,. . f c .ifti i ' ' ,', i pti.-.- i Bacd s t"".ti J " ; .st. ,t f l, ' . Sfart I ''"r v.1 fcc'T u'a'i r, a !. O S343.9S V..t. Sl'-l- a y per pair tumijiirq COO'-r- il.i" ii E): r.t tiutt jA " " i.. tcl 3; i .Joor ' ,ir r v-- t. Heavy Duly Gas Dryer t DG500P-wi- ih ,i, ,ir. hy ti3''-- V.i-- l'"''y Low As ! fc-- Au'vTl.jl.C As pilot burner (.. i - r-- I ! 111 1 J l..l custom We've worked out a ppecial plan for our Hill Air have to We paycan and both your civilian arrange ers, military. each bank the to and check delivered payday. So deposited directly fuss of the making your you can have money in the bank without own detosit. Save time and money with a First Security regular or Check way checking account. First Security Bank of Utah, N.Ar 2 Base Banks Building 1235 Building 230 Nationvvide ti -- 1 t4i S V iLT Force Base i. Cros-! U s AUTOMATIC DEPOSIT! Mon.-Fr- water control -- irr.u, i.ite; rM " vou're near. Open: 10 a.m. -- 4 p.m. diyirj Hvtv ,.; setting Pri s v Bleach dispcr- sor Dout.V: Att'O" v., is' ! P"l ... .1 i ,j:t 3 0, Hill speed selections s.iver wjicr " 3 P"':i,t'- 4ir Loa - Air Ri'Cu'ji Flut ton'frature f Pities 3 Cyt'e s'. it'ctios O'1 li.tn." cEnl'.l piT.ing Jo loads Knit latino Cycle Three aqiLiticnspin - o '4--. "... I o J? Permanenl Press Dryer ' Perma'.enl PrvSS and AutoDr, ' pair $41995 lor big wash vulh ' Five position 1 On base or off base, First H. E. Schaler, Manager Westinghouse Appliance Sales Westinghouse appliances at rock-botto- & QHinrmU1 NEW DEAL SALE prices. Hurry in today and save big. g! fe MUNITY ORGANIZATION 329 ECCLES BUILDING OGDEN, UTAH 84401 PHONE purely economic. Northern New Mexico and southern Colorado had no industry, with Bainfe serious transition period. One of the most critical problems is that of educ-(mor- e page 18) southern principally Colorado and northern New Mexico. The reason was value Westinghouse Appliances. And we're celebrating 1(D) agricultural urban living, Chicanos have gone through a WE CAN HELP YOU! FAMILY FINANCIAL COUNSELING CENTER Arizona, Texas, California, New Mexico, and Colorado have opportunities in the area, more and more members have dropped out of the migrant stream and have taken up residence along the Wasatch Front. Chicanos Historically, have been tied to the land. However, automation has driven workers from the fields, and large farms have dealt a death blow to the small landowner. Not possessing the skills for workers provide a valuable y The bulk of the Chicano population in Utah arrived We now sell top- - rm North decreased which passes the state in the through spring, summer, and fall months. These migrant period.41 and urbanization mechanization stream that farmhands during as be a prime source of employment because of the fair employment practices inof government stallations. An additional source of Chicano migration to Utah since World War II has been the transient migrant were as miners Mexican Mexicannationals who pass as Texans. In recent years, Tooele, and many still This reside there.42 migration has continued in the years since World War II. The area has proved to mining centers were in the throes of or either Texans are Tooele Ordnance Depot, facing an acute labor shortage, went to New Mexico to recruit personnel. Both Indians and Chicanos were brought to Wasatch Front particularly in Weber County Utah's source of labor for Utah agriculture. Most of them military installations in Revolution of 1910 came into the United States. A number of these moved to 17 Mod QAQt5 wtvj Westinghouse 17.2 Cu. Ft. Capacity Frost Free All Refr igwator f reeief witn CtiMi FresD Mat Keeper f Otiifiry FOISZfl Westinghouse 18.0 Cu. Ft. Upright Freezer witfi Fast-Freeze- $249" Fill States r n Model FUliJfl fj 630-i- capacity b VALUE $12.00 CF GREEN GIANT VEG ETABLES . . .Witft Etcrr Lyman's Mecter Purchise. Interiors formerly Home Improvement Center 7CH0. MAIN I25-OT3- 1 IAYT0N UTAH |