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Show Pag THE Two Freedom ot the iPress Has Keen Fight Aye-ol- d Publishers A. B. Roy E. Gibson Gibson and By M. Tyus Butler Associate Professor of Journalism Roy The University of Georgia With war and threat of war conPublished every Thursday at Nephi, Juab County, Utah. class Entered at the post office at Nephi, Utah as second stantly at hand, each American becomes increasinly aware of mail matter under the ac of Congress of March 3, o7V. $1.50. the freedom he possesses in this, Subscripion rates: One year, $2.75; one of the few remaining countries in advance. Advertising rates on Subscriptions are payable where the theory of the equality '' . request. of man still remains. More than ever before, freedom 58 South Main Street, Nephi, Utah Office Phone 196 is now, symbolically and literally, based on man's right to print and packing is being done and every- publish what he desires being lim thing is being transferred to anoth- ited primarily by the responsibility er store location in Davis county, for what he writes. The fight for freedom of the press is one in according to the "grapevine". Perhaps I should say something which all Americans can take pride about lack of advertising at this because although only a few have Continued from (Age I but you'll un played a major role in cementing time and place derstand. this right, aU citizens have given asked to vote for this official who it their approval. In periods when official or that of it, is in favor this freedom is in danger, they Malady Cattle Iceland who is against it. add their voices to those of the A disease that kills without warnand writ ing is running up a heavy toll In many editors, reporters, a is called ers over the country in swelling It of Iceland. herds cattle What we would like to suggest "bradadaudi" and strikes most cry for guarantee of that freedom, is that you read everything you can often The colonists who came to this the spring and sumon the subject, listen and learn mer. during losses occur after country did not bring with them Heaviest know who those all you can from severe physical strain, the ani- any constitutional guarantee of what they're talking about, and mals falling dead without showing freedom o fthe press, nor did that then make up your own mind ex- signs of illness. Veterinarians are right come easy to the Americans to actly what you wantIt isand stick the disease, but as whose ideas of independence and K. We realize that easy to be investigating have found no clue to Its cause. freedom increased with the dist yet with line ance between them and the seat swayed back and forth In the different arguments for and of government. Quuckgrass against, but in America each of The first great Impetus to free an entire field is infested with If us has the privilege of making up ol dom of the press in this country methods tiiiage quackgrass, mind3. I haven't my eradication are our own and more was given in the trial of John Pet mind firmly made up on this score conorr:lcal thansimpler chemical er Zenger ,a German Immigrant. any who in 1733 started the New York yet, but when the time comes It method will be made up, which way I can't say now. E. Editor-Manag- er Gibson s, : REGULARLY SPEAKING ... There's been talk about this socialized medicine, or government medicine, or whatever it may be called as opening up another door for the spread of Socialism or one or two of the other so called ' isms The only kind of "ism" we want In America Is AMERICANISM. And if this is a plan to bring any of the practices to America which will have a tendency to spread any philosophies of socialism, I'm going to be against It. I'll read what I can and suggest each of you do the same and let's find out what this thing is 5 V$ vT Prevent ms Save Lives NEPHI. UTAH col-on- James Franklin, Benjamin's broth' er, began his New England Cour ant in 1721 as a voice opposing the dominating religious body In the Bay colony. The existing Jaw pertaining to libel, as it was brought over from England, was that truth could not be used as a defense, nor could the jury determine any phase of the legal question involved in the trial. All the jury could do was to rule on whether Zenger was the person responsible for the publication of the articles claimed to have been seditious. The legal counsel which came to the support of the defendant was ruled ineligible to practice in the New York courts, so at the last minute Andrew Hamilton, an Philadelphia lawyer, made the trip to New York to enter a plea to the jury which will always remain In the history books of the country. The jury, taking upon itself broad powers, returned the verdict of "guilty of publish ing". As this constituted no crime the result was Zenger's acquittal of the charge of seditious libel. The welcome of this verdict by the liberal elements was not confined to the American colonists but was celebrated just as strong ly in England where it helped to pave the way for the passage of the Fox Libel law in 1792. The Fox measure liberalized the English law a great deal. The Zenger decision went a long way toward establishing truth as a defense for seditious libel. The theory involved culminated in the Declaration of Independence, in which Thomas Jefferson charted a new course for governments of the ings of George Mason, who prepared the Bill of Rights for the constitution of Virginia. This view was included in the Federal Bill of and today all 48 states Rights have expressions in their constitution that differ only to a slight degree. The author of the Declaration of furnished another Independence great force for the common man's fight for all freedoms when he accented he mandate of the small farmers and backswoodsmen in his election of 1800 to broaden their participation in government. Term- - Seems like a few people seem 1 ; if"i riftrw Hi October- - 5th," 1950 ly The first constitutional guarantee of free speech and a free press was perhaps contained in the writ- to think Ts a little "off recently ThurwJay, Weekly Journal as an avowed opposition paper to the mouthpiece of the royal governor of the of New York. Supported by the common people of that colony, Zenger's paper aroused the anger of the governing body, and after several strong articles on the usur pation of power by the governor, Zenger, In November 1734, was seized, thrown into jail, and charged with seditious libel. This was the first recorded case of a newspaper started in America for the purpose of opposing a gov erning political group, although . Several Nephi people want to know If Elgin Garrett plans on taking the case of beer he won at the Sportsman's Riot last Saturday night to the High Council meeting on next Sunday morning. Another sign came down this week, and there's a move on. The S. world. all about. . . . didn't print anything about George Ord killing a "cat" behind his store a couple of weeks ago. We can't get everything, George . . . perhaps next time we'll run an Item on it. Watch for another bobcat behind the stores, and then call us up and we'll get a picture of you drawing a bead on him. TIMES-NEW- ft 1 1 X- Ul1lB9 353 BQ ufeiw! - i te-- on 3 ra I saa wm mm nr - 'XL Continental Oil Company has awarded a contract for construction ot a $2,a50,tKX) researcn laboratories building In Ponca City, Okla., that will provide the Company with on of the most advanced development and research programs In the American oil Industry, It has been announced by President L. F. McCollum. The new structure, as shown in the architect's sketch above, wlU be three stories and la expected to be 'completed in the fall of 1951. Approximately half of the building will be occupied by the .Company's central research laboratories, which will Include an organic chemical laboratory, comprised of a petroleum chemical division and a lubricating oil divdetraction and maw specision; a physics research laboratory, for research In electronics, trometry; an analytical laboratory, consisting ot both chemical and physical methods units; and a colloid laboratory, for carrying on ; fundamental work on greases and allied materials. X-r- ay ed the "bloodless revolution of Fourteenth Amendment from state Jefferson's election guaran- encroachment. teed that Alien and Sedition laws, The Louisiana case grew out of passed under the Federalist admin- Huey Long's fight with the newsistration of John Adams, would not papers of the state and his attempt be renewed when they were sched- to force them into line. The state uled to expire in 1801. These laws legislature of Louisiana passed an had limited the activity of editors act in 1934 which placed a two and writers and had made them per' cent levy against the gross vulnerable to the political whims receipts of all newspapers having of those in power. Although few a weekly circulation of more than were convicted under the Alien and 20,000. . .... Sedition laws, they remained-- a The legislative act was upheld threat held over the heads of each by the state courts but was reverseditor to see that he any ed by the United States Supreme criticism he might have of the Court, which found the act unconadministration in power. stitutional on the ground that the Two outstanding cases in this tax was an indirect method of limcentury concerning freedom of the iting the circulation of information press that have been passed on by to which the public was entitled the United States Supreme Court by virtue of their constitutional " have been those which have gone guaranties. up from the state courts of MinThe Supreme Court decision em- nesota and of Louisiana. in these words "A free press stands The former case is based on a in these words, A free prss stands statute passed by the Minnesota as one of the great interpreters be state legislature which provided tween the government and the that a person engaged in the bus people. To allow it to be fettered iness of publishing a malicious, is to fetter ourselves." scandalous and defamatory news Thus, through almost 300 years be found guilty of the American people ,as citizens of paper could maintaining a nuisance and could Great Britain and of the United be enjoined perpetually from con States, have through their leaders tinuing the publishing of the pa- and through their own power of per. A case was brought up under public opinion insisted that the this statute and enjoinment was right to speak and to write be left twice upheld by the Minnesota free of governmental restrictions. State Supreme court. But when Newspaper editors as a group have the case was carried to the United taken upon themselves the ethical States Supreme Court, the state responsibility of voluntary court decision was reversed and to protect the general that statute was held to be an in- welfare of the public and to meet fringement of the freedom of the the demands of good taste and depress, because it imposed a prev cency. ious restraint upon publiciation e- The strength of a people is in quivalent to censorship. The decis its right to talk and to be heard, ion taken by the U. S. Supreme and to formulate a public opinion Court finally established by prece- which will include the democratic dent the rule that freedom of the views which Jefferson and most of press and of speech are definitely our leaders have claimed for each in the liberty protected by the American. 1800" - Hibernation Some of the rodents, such as the woodchuck and ground squirrel, go through a lengthy hibernation. In aU cases they gain sustenance to last through the winter by storing a thick layer of fat on their bodies. In some of the eastern caves, numerous bats hibernate throughout the long winter months, when insects their food are not available. Other types of bats migrate south, as birds ' do. J1- - soft-ped- al - SCNATOXT ELBERT P. Why did the Republican candidate for the Senate propose on June 25, 1949 a cut of more than three billion dollars in our military preparedness program ill M ULUUiMDl.'.';!-- ' 1 1 This Winter: i Wkiter can be tough on you . . . but tougher on o your car! temperatures slow your starts, cut down your power. Corrosive combus tion acids created by winter driving cause extra engine wear that cuts down your gasoline Sub-zer- mileage. 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