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Show News Review of Current Events the World Over T EDWARD 1111 President Koosevelt In a PICK ARD 11 five-ma- n istrator L little Man-chuku- one-eight- double-trackin- g re-li- Russian-controlle- THIS WEEK Old Age Pensions Does Lathing Do Good?. National Topics Interpreted by William Bruckart Kit ton) Pre 6,000-Ycar-O- ld It Is seldom that Waolilngton. any genuine widespread Interest U evidence In Court dslons by the Court llaa Last Word Supreme of the United States. Although that distinguished body of nine men holds In ltj hands to thut of the Presipower dent and of congress, some way It lias never been part of the government to which attention has been directed nationally. Of course, there are more people who are not lawyers than who are fumlllur with laws and that may be the answer to the fact that the Supreme court can be said to be little known. But It seems now that the court Is to be a center of attraction just aa Interesting as either the executive or legislative branches. The reason la that the highest legal tribunal In the land has before It for decision some of the moat momentous legal controversies to engage the country since the days of the Civil war. Through many months, questions concerning the New Deal, their legality and constitutionality, have been wending their slow, tortuous way through the lower courts, through tlie courts of appeals to the court of last resort tinder the structure which we know as our government One of these, as I reported to yon previously, has already been decided. In that Instance, the Supreme court by a vote of eight of the nine judges determined that President Roosevelt had gone beyond the powers accorded him nnder the Constitution in prohibiting export of oil from the state where It was recovered. Within a very short time now the most Important case of ail affecting the New Deal will be decided. I refer to the gold cases. Five questions are before the court and If It decides adversely to the government's claim on any of them, the monetary policy upon which the Tfew Deal has been operating becomes virtually null and void. The court heard lengthy arguments by high powered lawyers on the part of the government and on the part of private citizens who claim that their rights have been abridged by the Roosevelt money policies and they naturally are seeking redress. Ko one dares to make a prediction concerning pending action by the Supreme court It can be only a guess at any time In advance of a rule by that group of men because with one or two exceptions since the nation was founded. Its decisions have never leaked out ahead of the time they are formally handed down from the bench. Lawyers throughout the land are watching and waiting for the court's findings. But the most fidgety of all lawyers are those In the government who recognize that an adverse decision by the court will flatten out the New Deal and force a wholesale revision of policies. I am told that this group of lawyers Is none too certain of Its ground. True, they made what Is recognized as a strong argument In support of the government's position but the difficulty seems to be from their standpoint that the Constitution was written before the brain trust came Into action and the Constitution Itself provides the only ways by which It may be changed. a dollar In gold. At that time gold was valued at around $21 an ounce. The Roosevelt administration arbitrarily Increased that value to a few cents over $33 an ounce. Without going luto all of the details It means that to gain the tame amount of gold now which a dollar would have brought prior to the Roosevelt administration action ono will have to pay $1.C9. To state It another way. If the gold contracts Involve those who are obli$1,000,000,000, gated to pay In gold will have to pay $1,(190,000.000, at the present rate. Obviously, debtors tinder that circumstance will find themselves between the upper and nether millstones, well squashed. If the court rules adversely to the government's policy. Attorney General Cummlngs In his plea to the Supreme court made the argument that an adverse decision would mean rhaos to the counI believe there can be no try. doubt about that But the point la deeper. Roosevelt administration policies were hammered through congress and received the legislative body's rubber stamp by direction of the President Among the questions before the Supreme court In the gold cases, that one brought Important forward by a suit t0 compel the Question to pay gold In redeeming one of Its own bonds Is by far the most important Indeed, that case can be said to have an overwhelming Importance. If the court rules that the government cannot void Its contract for a bond Is generally recognized as a contract to pay back the borrowed money under the term named In that bond, then the seizure of gold by the government In 1933 likewise Is voided. In other words, every person holding a government bond containing a promise to pay In gold Is entitled to have that gold from the treasury. It takes no stretch of the Imagination to see what effect that will have on the whole money program. Likewise, If the court determines that an individual who has promised to pay In gold must observe the terms of that agreement the administration Is again In a hole. or Since contracts, agreements bonds containing the promise to pay In gold are In general use and have been written since time Immemorial the amount of such payments Is virtually incalculable. I have heard many estimates of the total amount of money Involved by the gold clause but I hesitate to use any of them because It Is patent on the face of things that an accurate figure Is Impossible. One can get down to brass tacks on the effect of affirmation of the gold clause, however, by the simple application of tlie ratio of gold to the present dollar. When those gold contracts were written a dollar In currency was redeemable for The agricultural adjustment administration has fixed the cotton crop for the com- To Restrict ing season at bales the Output 500,000 same as last year. At the same time, we have begun to hear talk In Washington of a plan to seek a world agreement restricting the output of cotton after the manner of the attempt to restrict the world production of wheat, a move that went exactly al nt ed What Is going to be done about it? I don't know. Further I don't believe the ad-- hat's to Be Done? ministration kn0W8 WDat u w going to do in event the court rules against the government In these cases. There has been numerous conferences, frequent speculations by subordinate officials and many guesses The President himby Individuals. self said In a press conference the other day that he would not discuss the gold question while the matter was pending before the Supreme court. It was a simple way to avoid expressing his hopes or bis fears. It Is to be noted, however, that during the ten days In which the court heard arguments In the gold cases, a considerable number of senators and sat representatives glued In their seats In the gloomy old Supreme court chamber under the dome of the CnpltoL They were obviously wondering. None of them thus far has offered publicly a suggestion as to what be will do in event the monetary policies are overturned. After all, if the Roosevelt program Is upset congress simply will have to enact some new laws, and that was the chief reason why so many of the congressional leaders were seen In attendance at court The court will rush Its decision. Of that there can be no doubt Always It has put cases of paramount Importance to the nation ahead of those that affect private litigants. Everyone believes, therefore, that In this Instance the Supreme court has laid aside most of Its other work In order to devote its attention to a thorough-goinexamination of the present problem. Lawyers tell me that If the court rejects the Roosevelt policies as untenable under the Constitution, congress will have to put through some new laws on the subject at break-necspeed In order to avoid a hiatus that would flood the courts with an unprecedented number of suits. g k nowhere. Determination of the same production for cotton In 1935 that was used as the base In 1934 Is accepted as In line with the administration's plans for raising prices artificially through curtailment of production. It has been expected that the 1935 crop might be as high as 12,000,000 bales . But since the administration has decided to carry on further Its experiment Into artificial price raising fields by production limitation, some of the background of that policy and the American relationship to the world condition warrant examination, The American production until a few years ago was about 60 per cent of the world's cotton output Now it Is down to about 43 per cent of Last year, the world the total consumption of cotton, according to the Department of Commerce figures, declined by about 700,000 bales, whereas the world consumption, Including that used In the United States, Increased by something over 1,300,000 bales. It Is to be noted further that although American exports In general Increased last year, the quality of cotton shipped last year fell off by approximately 28 per cent WwUrm Newspaper TJnloo. W m eight-year-ol- d Those Cosmic Rays Craves WiMblnstoo, T. Bultdlnr I. . I. .. glons who were able to Improvise systems last summer reaped handsome profits. John C. Dunegao of the bureau of plant industry re port the experience or a fruit grow er who Irrigated 827 peach trees In an orchard at Spring- dale, Ark. lie applied approxmate- . lv 1 000.000 eallons of water cost of $210. the drouth at marketed about 8,000 bushels ZT peaches from the trees, and the fruit was so much better size and quality than the peaches from unlrrlgated trees that Ua price was about r.o cents a bushel more than his neighbors were able to get. Thus the $240 expenditure for wa ter was responsible for a $1,500 ju. crease In Income, for quality, not counting the Increase In the number of bushels he harvested as the result of Irrigation. 0 .... BRISBANE upeclal : ten-yea- PROFITABLE WATER that America's air defence facilities be greatly Increatied will be made by ECOMMEXDATIONS message soon to be sent to congress. It has been Indicated by those Conclone to the administration. struction of a series of air bases for the United State, the addiPresident's Four Billion Dollar Relief Program Is tion of 4,000 planes to the service, and building a huge dirigiJammed Through House After Bitter Fight ble will be among the projects which the President approves. Own Takes Defense. Stand in IIaii)tmann The proposed construction Is In accord with a report Just made by the special aviation romrnlxHlon. It W. By Is the purpoMe of the commission to by WM111 Newsppr Union. lease the dirigible to a commercial unlng ment, would be sold below par. firm a a sister ADMINISTRATION forces ship to the Graf criiKhed all There would be no Interest but which will start regular each six months the bonds would Zeppelin lIHitiltlii to Jam the President' transatlantic service within a few Il,800,o UX K) relief program through appreciate In value at the rate of weeks. ICfforts 2V4 per cent plus . compounded the house. The series of bnses along the e 4s 1 to flulit tlie grunt earnings. and Atlantic roasts will make of such unpreceHuge sums are Involved: first, America Impregnable to air attack, dented authority to the creation of a revolving bund the rommlsMlon the tlie President wore authorization fund of $2..VK),Ou0,0O0; addition of 4.000 believes,to while the army planes v as ii nir the y 3 and second, the consolidation of the ft navy service will bring If up Home two present revolving funds of $10,. anil .. 4 White more than the existing fightto far cwkpu mo wmp 000.000,000 each Into a Joint ing strength. over revolting repfund for bills, certifiThe commission has also recomresentatives. Final cates and notes. mended creation of a special rote on the measaviation commission to reguure wna SIM to 78. The rote climaxed VIAR flamed again In Manchu- - late civil aeronautics. President kuo as Japanese troops struck a furious eight-hou- r Roosevelt dehnte on tlie mean- - suddenly at three points In Clin liar POSSIBILITY of a move by the Italian government to make a tire. Memlters attempted to attach province In northern China. Three amendmoiita which would protect fortified cities were shelled, and protectorate out of Ethiopia was private Industry from government there were Indications that the seen by European statesmen. Ex-- " projects which uilcht be launched drive had only begun. ploltatlon of the an-- f wwi,, under the relief plan. When this The Japanese attack came as a nouncement of the failed they endeavored to allocate surprise since It was reported thut Xf , slaying of a French the money for specific purposes. Somallland admin negotiations for a peaceful settletJ; When the debate had reached Its ment of the dispute over Chahar and DO French colonial emheight, the President sent a mes- province had been nearing a sucsage to the house declaring It would cessful conclusion. Japan had asployees and Somalia bs lmiwiwlble to segregate Items serted that Chinese troops In Chawas said to Indicate for which the money would be ex- har had Invaded Jehol. that a movement pended, but that the huge outlay of Military authorities declined to sums would be devoted to public announce the real objective of the 4 take over the moun-.my.X drive. The district which the projects and that after the Immedtalnons African r iate crUis of unemployment had Japanese troops occupied Is about kingdom to restore Premier was the his hope that ISO miles long by 50 miles wide, and passed it order. The consent Mussolini country could set aside $500,000,000 la said to contain valuable gold of France and Great year for the "national plan." Britain to the plan has been obmines. The White House message was Japan's action Is seen by Chi- tained. the signal for the Democratic maA number of recent developments nese leaders as a determined gesjority to push the message across ture to Intimidate Mongolian princes point toward some action by the with little change from Its original of Inner Mongolia and to cut the Italian government Premier Musform. On the final vote 20 Repub- overland rcute connecting Pelplng solini recently took over the oflicans voted for the bill. Seven with Urga, capital of Soviet fice of minister of colonies; Gen. Progressives and three Farmer-LaboritEniillo de Bono, former minister of controlled Outer Mongolia. also registered affirmative The situation Is viewed with concolonies, was named high commiTen Democrats, five from siderable apprehension by Soviet ssioner of Italian East Africa; milTotes. Georgia, three from Virginia, and Russia. The drive will bring itary roads have been constructed two from Indiana, voted with tlie Japanese military operations Into through Italian Somallland to the opposition. direct contact with the borders of Ethiopian frontier; and the ItalFeeause of the gag rule adopted Outer Mongolia, and practically all ians have recently taken over a bigofby the house, only amendments blgb olllclals of the territory who ger share In the operation of the fered by the appropriations commit- have been attending the Soviet an- DJIIoutl and Addis Abbaba railway tee could be considered In vital sec- niversary celebrations In Moscow with French consent. tions of the measure. Such minor have hurried back to their provRecent history affords a numamendments as were decided upon inces. ber of precedents for tlie Italian went through without serious opgovernment to follow. Japanese inposition. tervention In Manchuria was "to VXTIITE-FACED- , under the glare One of the amendments striking of the courtroom lights, but ap- restore order and reduce Chinese out a list of projects that might be banditry," and Italy might use the Included in spending the $4,000,000,-0- 0 parently cool, Bruno Richard Flaupt-inan- n excuse of reducing Ethiopian bantook tlie to stand his begin and left the vast sura to be used a reason for invasion. The as ditry for life. The fight for "federal or nonfederal projects" In Egypt and the action British Flemlngton actually broadened the powers of (N. J.) courthouse Sudan, and the French subjugation the President The $SOO,000,000 will was packed as the of Tunis also offer parallel cases to be used at the President's discretion man accused of the follow. for relief purposes while the proWar in Ethiopia would Involve murder of the firstgram Is being put into effect born son of Charles considerable expense due to the nigAnother amendment struck out a A. Lindbergh began ged nature of the country, and this subsection which gave the President his testimony which Is seen by some as a reason why to of the end any postpone authority he appears conf- the Italian government has not actexisting government agency. This ident will save him ed sooner. The Ethiopian emperor was a move to satisfy certain Demfrom the electric has been buying all the arms and ocrats who were opposed to Secremunitions he can, it has been rechair. tary Ickes, and his PWA program Bruno ImCalmly, he told of ported, in preparation for the which expires in June. Another trouble. Hauptmann pending his of his life, early clause granting authority to the war service, and admitted that he President to acquire personal property by the power of eminent do- had once been convicted in Ger- JAPAN'S foreign minister, Kokl main was also removed, as was' the many. Ills thick, guttural voice rewarned Soviet Russia sounded through the room as he re- that she should stop fortifying the section granting the Chief Execuo tive the power to Impose two years' counted how he had made three atSiberian frontier north of to enter this country before If friendly relations are to imprisonment on any violator. The tempts be continued between the two counonly other amendment which suc- he was successful. Under the smooth questioning of tries. His remarks, made in an adceeded In passage was one which provided that an accounting be Chief Defense Counsel Rellly he re- dress before the imperial diet had lated the details of his life up until special significance In view of remade for all moneys spent Minority Leader Snell attacked the time of the Lindbergh baby kid- ports that Japanese troops are Inthe bill declaring that the money naping, and then proposed the alibi vading Chahar province to prevent h Involved amounted to of upon which he is apparently relying Sovletlzntion of that region. the national Income, and that the for acquittal. Russian fortifications in the Far house was entitled to know what the Uauptmann declared that on the East, partlculorly of the strategic money was for. Later In concednight of April 2, 1032, when $50,000 crossings of the Amur river, are being the minority's defeat he said was paid to a man In St Raymond's coming Increasingly Irksome to the that If the opposition was free to cemetery, New York, he, his wife Japanese army In Manchukuo. Other speak its mind, the bill would be de- and a man named Kloppenberg had projects to which Japan Is objectfeated two to one, but that under been at home until about eleven ing are of the the executive lash, there was no o'clock and that he did not leave his Trans-Siberia- n railway to Vladivochance of defeating It home at all that evening. He also stok and remodeling of the strong denied that he had been absent from fortifications of that Pacific port. work on the day the kidnaping took Iiirota also referred to the DEALERS with sighed "NJEW of Sinklang, the huge, as the Supreme court re- place. Two witnesses Introduced by the sparsely settled plains of north cessed until February 4 without handing down Its decision In the defense to establish Hauptmann's China, which adjoin the alibi were not entirely satisfacregions of Mongolia. gold cases, thus giving the adminisGovernment officials In Washingtration more time In which to pre- tory. Christian Frederickson, Bronx pare legislation designed to handle baker, said Hauptmann's wife had ton were said to be favorably imthe situation In the event the court been employed In his store as a pressed with part of Hlrota's adwaitress and counter girl and that dress which referred to Japan's derenders an adverse decision. the accused had called for her on sire to avoid further expansion or At the same time the court promarmament It Is hoped that neised to decide a case presenting a the night of March 1. Upon however, he stated gotiations will be resumed soon for clear-cu- t test of the constitutionalwas not sure, but that It another agreement to replace the ity of the national recovery act, that he ratio for the United and which will have considerable must have been so because It was renounced effect upon the ultimate fate of the nauptmann's custom to call for his States, Great Britain and Japan. wife whenever she worked late. already bedraggled Blue Eagle. Mrs. Frederickson also stated that death toll continued to Mrs. Hauptmann worked late on the THE which would as reports seeped In from LEGISLATION investor to buy night of March 1, but was unable to northwest Mississippi and Southgovernment securities and which say whether Hauptmann had been west Tennessee where the turbulent Coldwater river was a raging provides for radical changes In gov- at the bakery. She stated, however, ernment financing has been Intro- that she had seen Isador FIsch, fur- torrent, threatening the lives and of who died friend duced in the house by Chairman rier Hauptmann property of thousands In Its march Doughton of the house ways and In Germany, on the eve of his sail- to the Tallahatchie basin. means committee. ing for Germany In November, 1032. Freezing weather added to the The bl!!, prepared by the Treas- She said Fisch displayed a large suffering of thousands driven from sum of money, but she was unable their homes. Workers tolled to resury department, places the administration squarely against Inflation. to say whether It was in greenbacks cue as many as possible of those who had been marooned on roof It provides authority to raise money or gold certificates. testiA number of necessary for the public works, tops and In trees. Throughout Hauptmann's social security and similar meas- mony Colonel Lindbergh continued communities have been evacuated ures, meet federal deficits, and to stare at him. During the court because It Is feared the waters might even be used to provide funds session, Lindbergh reiterated bis be- will continue to spread. Appeals for payment of the soldiers' bonus. lief that Hauptmann's voice was the for additional help In caring for Under provisions of the measure same as that of the mysterious the homeless have been made by r bonds In "John" who had hoaxed him out of public officials, and Red Cross aid there would be amounts as small as $25, and as ex- the ransom money nearly three has been rushed to the strlckeu areas. plained by the Treasury depart years ago. '. Thursday, Jannary 31, 1935 TOE TI&IE8.NEWS. NEPHI. UTAH PAGE TWO Financial conservatism U agitated because old age pensions as planned, moderately, by the President would cost one billion dollars a year. Conservatism might better worry about Doctor Townsend's plan to give two hundred dollars a month to everybody past sixty years of age, and cost at least twenty-fou- r thousand millions a year. Conservatism might also worry about billions sjieut uselessly In state, national or local government costs, and taxes that run above thirteen thousand million dollars a year. f At Wilmington, Del, three yonng men, eighteen, twenty and twenty-thre- e years old, were lashed In public, a crowd of one hundred looking on. After the lashing, on the bare back, the youths began ten-yeprison sentences for burglary. The lash frightens criminals more than wa Imprisonment proved in London, where an epidemic of "garrotting" ended as soon as the lash was used. But what will be the mental state of those young men when they leave prison after long association with experienced criminals, and constant brooding on the humiliation and pain of the lashing? Can It be hoped that they will be reformed, or be anything except confirmed criminals, and enemies of society? A learned German says be has discovered the source of "cosmic rays" "that bombard all space, constantly passing through your body, although yon don't know It driven by the terrific energy of billions of volts. The professor suggests that the bombardment may occasionally break down a few of the atoms In the human body, thus slowly changing heredity. That sounds like a great deal of trouble, to change heredity, which depends, really, on the right girl choosing the right kind of father for her children. Doctor Sukenlk, professor of archeology In the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, has discovered graves six thousand years old, that go far back of Moses and Job and others well known. These graves were dug, and filled, long before the Jewish nation had made Jerusalem their principal city, when other, earlier races Inhabited the site of "old Jerusalem." Talking Into a telephone In the White House, with amplifiers at the other end, the President greeted six hundred members of the Holland society, at dinner In New York. He felt pride In contributions made to this country by the men of Holland through three hundred years. The Roosevelts are of Dutch origin, but unlike his distant cousin, Theodore Roosevelt the President did not recite any childish Dutch poems about cows In "the kopjes." To know what the old Hollanders really were, as fighters and "stayers," read Motley. Names that sound strange to Western ears figure In the case of Tony Fon Lew, "Chinese doll bride." She and her alleged father, Mr. Gin Lem, are accused of arranging marriages, taking money, and then not marrying. Mr. Kack Lew Gee, angry Chinese merchant, says he paid $1,800 to marry the toy bride, but got no bride. Other Interesting names figure in a discussion that almost caused war between the Los Angeles Hop Sing Tong Hd the Four Families Association. Chinese names sound strange to our ears, but Jones or Robinson would sound ridiculous to the Chinese. Fon Lew and her pretended father ran away to China, but will be brought back and Gin Lem will be tried for violating the Mann act The Saar plebiscite, as was certain in advance, proves to be superficially a victory for Hitler. In reality, It proves the devotion of Germans to Germany under any conditions. With the population of the Saar more than 95 per cent German, voters were asked whether they wished once more to resume German citizenship, throw In their lot with France, or remain suspended In the air as wards of the League of Nations. It was certain that Germans would vote for Germany. Our national defense authorities are delighted because a great American navy plane labeled XP2II-flew nonstop to the Canal Zone from Norfolk, 2,000 miles, in 25 hours. Amelia Enrhart recently flew 2,400 mile in 19 hours, alone, without sleep. And a Russian plune has flown 7,500 miles nonstop. 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