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Show Hull's Trade Principles Backed by Sfettinius New Policy Shapes as State Department Is Remodeled to Attend ';o United States Commercial Interests. By BAUKIIAGE Newt Analyst and Commentator WNTJ Service, Union Trust Building;, Washington, D. C. One of my punster colleagues asked the question the other day; Is there any significance as far as United States foreign policy is concerned, con-cerned, in the fact that the nickname nick-name of Edward Stettinius, the new secretary of state, is "Stet"? (For the benefit of you who do not handle type or typewriters, "stet" means "let it stand" and is usually written beside a sentence or paragraph in a manuscript which had been marked out by error.) Observers have already expressed the opinion that the policies of Secretary Sec-retary of State Hull, resigned, will undoubtedly be carried out by his successor but many have overlooked over-looked the fact that the two men have in common a certain "formula" "for-mula" which is characteristic of the most Important trend in the state department policy of recent years. Although it was perhaps his character char-acter and his integrity which' did more than anything else to carve the name of Cordell Hull deep in the annals of American statesmanship, those qualities were not the only ones which influenced President Roosevelt when he chose the stalwart stal-wart Tennesseean to occupy the highest office in the cabinet Most important recommendation was Cordell Hull's long and single-minded single-minded study of, and the completeness complete-ness of his belief in, the importance im-portance of international commercial commer-cial relations and the vital role they play in the whole economic structure struc-ture of domestic as well as world affairs. I have dealt with that philosophy of Secretary Hull frequently in these columns. Suffice it to say that the war and the study of postwar problems prob-lems has already proved the necessity neces-sity of international trade agreements, agree-ments, one concrete product of this theory which the secretary espoused so whole-heartedly. The trend is generally recognized, but not many persons realize how the growing importance of commercial commer-cial negotiations on the highest diplomatic dip-lomatic level has revolutionized the functions of the state department Still more important is the fact that an awakened interest in the importance impor-tance of international trade is actually creating a United States foreign policy, something which diplomatists dip-lomatists have always declared never really existed in the sense that other nations have fixed policies poli-cies in dealing with their neighbor nations. The link between Secretary Stettinius Stet-tinius and his predecessor is based upon this same influence. Both men, despite their highly different backgrounds, back-grounds, have a similar "formula" the formula for relating Ameri can trade to American diplomacy. This is an innovation in our foreign for-eign service where a tradition of protocol has grown up in an atmosphere atmos-phere bordering on snobbishness and so far removed from the marts of trade that it looked down its diplomatic dip-lomatic nose at business. Secretary Hull was the first man to head our state department who believed that trade relations have in them the roots of war and peace. Edward Stettinius is the first secretary secre-tary of state who comes to the office with a training in industry. (He left the chairmanship of the board of the United States Steel corporation to Join the committee of national defense.) de-fense.) , So much for the innovations in the viewpoints of the past and present pres-ent heads of the state department. Now consider the material change in its organization. New Functions Added to Office When I sat down the other day and ran over some- of the new offices of-fices and divisions and branches that are sheltered beneath the old rococ-co rococ-co roof tree which were not even a wink in the most progressive statesman's states-man's eye when I first walked its marble corridors, I had quite a shock. There would be nothing to raise the eyebrow of past secretaries of state, of a Hay or Hughes, a Kellogg Kel-logg or even a Madison in the items now officially listed such as the direction of our 35 embassies and 23 legations, nor the description BRIEFS The Japs are now calling us "albino "al-bino baboons." Well, they are pretty much experts when it comes to monkey mon-key business. Some people are saying that Harry Hopkins was too lavish in granting lend-lease demands to foreign for-eign nations. And all the time we thought he was the president's "no-man." f hmmmmwaiifiw 'irim iiBrtra of the duties of ambassadors, ministers minis-ters and consular officers, nor the head of protocol or of the divisions which deal with passports and treaties. They all fit into the traditional tradi-tional atmosphere of gold seals, tail coats and top hats. But what about aviation and shipping? ship-ping? And what about the whole great new office of "wartime economic activity," ac-tivity," many of whose functions will be continued when peace comes. Here is lodged the responsibility for "initiation" that means the alpha and the omega of the coordination not only of "policy" but of "action" on such a highly businesslike matter mat-ter as the procurement of all essential essen-tial war materials from foreign countries. You may be the lowliest or the mightiest of importers or exporters, but if you wish to buy or sell such materials you will have to talk with a representative of the department of. state. Then there if a complete "office of economic affairs." Here again action as well as policy concerning "protection and promotion of all American commercial and agricultural agricul-tural interests" in foreign nations is initiated that sounds more like Kansas City or Madison avenue or Wall street than Pennsylvania ave nue or Downing street. And those are only part of a mod ern diplomat's duties. There is also the tariff, trade treaties and agreements agree-ments and international commercial policy as well, in just one division of the office of economic affairs. In addition, there is a monetary division, and (believe it or not) labor la-bor relations and another separate unit to deal with that essential to the American home (when it gets on wheels again) petroleum. How we have departed from the haughty aloofness that sneered at vulgar . trade! The . spats and the monocles have been laid aside and the gentlemen once referred to by the cynical as "cooky-pushers" have gotten right down to the brass tacks of everyday life, and the activities shared by America's millions. Foreign Policy Must Interest Nation And that brings me to the last observation ob-servation which is the most important: impor-tant: the formation of a definite American foreign policy. The reason why we have had "no foreign policy" in the past is because be-cause the people have been too busy with their own affairs to demand any special treatment for other countries coun-tries except that they be let alone. But increasingly since World War I. the people have come to realize that the consequences of acts of govern ment which affect other nations are very likely to re-act on the individ ual American's private affairs. It is fairly well established by this time that one reason why we had a depression in the '30s was that the world went broke and wouldn't buy from us. Less broadly realized but growing clearer to most people is the fact that although we loaned money abroad to nations with which to buy their goods, when we refused to buy their goods (shut them out with high tariffs) they couldn't earn the money to repay us. -Then they went broke and we lost our trade as well as our money. Other na tions which might have bought spent their money to get ready for a war which eventually stopped all buying. Now many of the best business brains of the country have waked up to the fact that if this nation is going to achieve prosperity after the war, it is going to have something some-thing to say about a foreign policy that will produce a stable world In a democracy there can be no foreign policy unless the people make it and unless foreign affairs af-fairs become personal affairs, the people do not express themselves. Their public servants do the best they can in the short period of their terms or periods of influence. The permanent members of the foreign service move along according to a pattern which has little to do with the swift vicissitudes of present day life and, until recently, no more attuned to the healthy and human sounds and scenes in field and market-place than an ancient princeling surrounded by courtiers and serving-men. by Baukhage A reduction has been ordered in the import ceiling of bananas. All right as long as the skins stay above the sidewalk level. The number of civilian government govern-ment employees declined 2,282 in October, but don't worry. They were all in war agencies. Other agencies Increased by 4,358. Still a little congressional con-gressional pie for distribution. WEEKLY NEWS French-Russ Treaty Highlights Political Activity in. Europe; Hem. In Japs on Northern Leyte Released by Western (EDITOR'S NOTE! When opinions are expressed In thess columns. Ihey rs 'no" ' Western Newspaper Union's news analysts and not nerttsariir of th' newspaper., Stark with realism, this picture boy looking on the shelling f SaarUutern while a chicken struts about the feet of a dead German soldier in foreground. PACIFIC: Springing Trap Fiehtine on Levte island slowly but surelv developed into a knock down, dragout battle at close quar ters, as Yanks compressed the en-emv en-emv on the northwestern hump of the island from three directions. As a result of the 77th division's landing below Ormoc, the Japanese main lines not only were threatened from the north and east but from the south as well. Although broad mountains impede passage from the east and form a narrow corridor from the north helpful to the enemy defense, the country flattens out above Ormoc, offering opportunity to roll up the Japanese lines from the rear. Despite the danger to their lines on Leyte, the Japs signified an intention in-tention to fight it out with battle slogans including: "In serving on the seas, be a' corpse saturated with water. "In serving on land, be a corpse cov ered with weeds. "In serving in the sky, be a corpse challenging the clouds. Let s all die by the side of our sov ereign. WORK OR FIGHT: Tighten Draft Aimed at replacing soldiers released re-leased for war production and stemming stem-ming a growing movement of workers work-ers to nonessential industries with postwar employment opportunities, the government ordered the drafting of all men between 28 and 37 not engaged in necessary occupations. At the same time, the government announced that truck and tire workers work-ers would go on a seven-day week, with time and a half pay for the sixth day and double time for the seventh, in an effort to speed up the production of cords for the- army. On the western front alone, it was revealed, no less than 500,000 trucks are operating in supplying the troops. So far, several thousand soldiers have been released to help relieve a critical manpower shortage in important im-portant arms plants, a shortage aggravated ag-gravated by the growing movement of 26-37 year old men to nonessential nonessen-tial industries with the feeling that the recent inductions of those under 26 made them relatively draft-free. Also prompting Selective Service's finer combing of its draft rolls was the increasing need for army replacements, re-placements, Ma j. -Gen. Hershey said, with inductions slated to rise 10 to 20 per cent within the next few months. FOOD EXPORTS: Europe's Needs Except for Russia, the food situation situ-ation in Europe is in better condition condi-tion than anticipated, and postwar needs chiefly will center on iteuis with a long production cycle or those requiring processing, a WFA official said. Although the Russians may return to normal production of grain, peas, beans and similar crops in their famed "bread-basket" province of the Ukraine by next year, WFA Deputy Director Col. R. W. Olm-stead Olm-stead said, it will take three years to bring output of meats, fats, oils and sugar to prewar levels. Because of the Germans' inability to remove bumper 1944 harvests from France during the lightning Allied thrust across the country this summer, that nation has a relatively good food supply. Colonel Olmstead saia. In Italy, the problem primarily pri-marily is one of straightening out shattered communication lines, he stated. Battle Fare The famous soldier who said "An army travels on its stomach" never had the food supply problems faced by General Hodges' 1st army. The menu of an army in the field doesn't always come from standard cans of hash and wax covered packages. pack-ages. Fighting and chasing an enemy en-emy often requires a soldier to feed himself with compact food kits which he can stuff into his pocket, but portable stoves, mobile bakeries, bak-eries, coffee roasting units, and huge refrigerator trucks move behind. WMB A WW ANALYSIS Newspaper Union.. from the western front shows a dough EUROPE: Politiis Politics continued to dominate a Europe heading for a climactic year, with both countries and parties jockey ing for, favorable positions for the vi tal postwar era. Biggest news was Gen. Charles de Gaulle's French government's entrance en-trance into a treaty of alliance and mu tual assistance with Russia, important insofar as it reaf- Gen. Ue Gaulle firmed the age-old policy of collabo ration of major powers, and reject ed the recently advanced proposal for the organization of a regional security bloc consisting of small na tions clustered around a large one. As a result of the treaty, France, backed by Russia, may be assigned an important role in the postwar control of Germany, with respect given to its demands of occupying the entire left bank of the Rhine and removing industrial machinery from Nazi factories. In Athens, Greece, there was none of the tranquility which reigned in Moscow at the signing of the French Russ treaty, however, what with Leftist guerrilla forces strengthen- ing their ranks for their fight against Premier Papandreou's Rightist ele ments supported by the British, Behind ,the fighting, which started when the guerrillas refused to give up their arms on the grounds that the Rightists were allowed to keep theirs, was London's interest in the political situation in Greece because of its strategic position in the Medi terranean, British life-line from the east. Britain's disposition to back the friendly government of Premier Papandreou with armed might in dicated its determination for a protection pro-tection of its vital interests in that country in any settlement In Rome, Premier Ivanoe Bonomi reorganized the Italian government with Count Carlo Sforza, vigorously f-vrrtm?rv opposed by the British Brit-ish for his anti-monarchial anti-monarchial tendencies, tenden-cies, missing from the cabinet In opposing op-posing Sforza's appointment ap-pointment to the cabinet in another country fronting the Mediterranean, the British charged that he was a "troublemaker" "trouble-maker" in a nation I, Bonomi where the existence of a half dozen political parties furnishes wide grounds for differences. In an attempt to compose such differences, Premier Bonomi decid ed to share his leadership with in fluential Christian Democratic and Communistic officials. War In the midst of the political shuf fling. Allied armies maintained their relentless pressure on the Ger mans, with main interest focused on the western front where the U. S, First and Ninth armies girded for a mighty thrust across the Roer riv er before the Rhineland, and the Third armyhammered into the Saar, As U. S. forces advanced, they continued to encounter the most stubborn stub-born opposition, with the Germans continuing to convert every town into a fortified stronghold. On the eastern front the Germans swung back to new defense lines based on mountainous terrain in both northern and southern Hungary as the Red steamroller crunched on ward. MISCELLANY Egg production in the United States is expected to be from 8 to 12 per cent lower in 1945 than it has been in 1944. The reduction will be due mostly to fewer hens on farms in west north central states and in far western states. The eastern and middle western states have more nearly maintained the size of their poultry flocks. THE LEIII SUN, LEIH. UlAii - -n .in W wm Iff" t '1 - CIGARETTES: Distribution Plon With thi rlearette supplv nbout 70 per cent of normal and little possibility pos-sibility of improvement In the situa-. tion for the duration because of man- nnuor shnrtaees. the nation s whole salers are planning rationing of stocks to assure an equitable distribution dis-tribution throughout the country. Under the trade's plan, u was said, each retailer would receive an allotment based on his normal sales. In so doing, wholesalers would try to adjust deliveries to meet snins in population, which have complicated complicat-ed the problem of adequate distribution. distribu-tion. Aceordina to one trade official, the estimate of a 70 per cent supply cf cigarettes is an overall ngure. since stocks vary. Since the cigarette famine started, one midwestern center cen-ter has roppived a 70 per cent supply of two popular brands and about 52 per cent of two others, it was said. EGGS: WFA Sells Stocks In an effort to speed the move ment of eggs into consumption be fore production seasonally increases, in-creases, the War Food administra tion announced that it would sell its remaining government owned siocks 10 -per cent below authorized ceil ings. Of more than 6.000,000 cases of 30 dozen each bought during the heavy production period of 1944 to hold up prices, an estimated 575,000 cases remain, it was said. The covernment stands to lose $10,000,000 from its 1944 egg opera tions, it was said, despite the fact that it expects to net 5 to 7 cents a dozen more on its last batch than it paid for them since prices are higher now than at the season or peak output. Inventories are sufficiently deplet ed to enable buyers to absorb its present offerings, WFA said. This Pen's Like Home "We have an inmate here who doesn't want to leave," a guard told wondering Warden Joseph E. Ragen at Illinois' Stateville prison. "He says he likes it here and asks if he can't stay." Noted for his fair but disciplined disci-plined handling of convicts, Ragen Ra-gen visited the inmate, completing complet-ing a sentence of 1 year to 15 months for obtaining money an-, der false pretenses. "I have no place to go and I would like to stay here," the man said. "I'm complimented," said Ka-gen, Ka-gen, who returned as Stateville's warden following the sensational Roger Touhy break. "But I'm sorry I can't accommodate you. Under the law I may not keep you here one day longer than the court's order calls for." FAIR SEX: Want Privileges U. S. women, it seems, not only want their cake but they want to eat it too! So must have thought Thomas A. Johnstone, director of the General Motors division of the United Automobile Auto-mobile Workers Union, upon addressing ad-dressing the first national women's conference of the UAW in Detroit, Mich. Said Johnstone: "If women insist on getting the same rate of pay plus rest periods, which men do not get then the men will raise h ." The 150 delegates sat on Johnstone in a hurry, typical comment being: "Brawn should not be considered more important than brains, etc., etc., etc. A man worker would not expect his wife or sister to do heavy lifting, etc., etc., etc." Among other things, the delegates asked continuation of the fight for equal pay; abolition of special job classifications for women, and opportunity op-portunity for advancement to top positions. po-sitions. SOUTH: New Farming Because of the use of new strains of sweet potatoes in feeding cattle, southern agriculture is gradually gradual-ly changing from a basic cotton economy, J. F. Percy of Alexandria, La., told the 26th annual convention of the American Farm bureau in Chicago, 111. At the same time, A. D. Brown-field Brown-field of Deming, N. M., president of the American Livestock association, associ-ation, assailed the development of a postwar export program for the sale of manufactured goods through the Importation of products already raised here in surplus or in adequate ade-quate volume. Not only is the feeding of sweet potatoes enabling southern farmers to increase dairy production and fatten up cattle, Percy said, but it also is forcing them to put more acreage into supplementary pasturage pas-turage of hay and forage erops, further fur-ther reducing the planting of soil-depleting soil-depleting cotton. MEAT LABELS Because many primal cuts carried no labels under previous marking procedures, thus -enabling some butchers to collect ration coupons for point-free meats, OPA ordered slaughterers to stamp all carcasses of beef, veal, lamb and mutton at least every two inches along all primal cuts. OPA also revealed that many consumers con-sumers purchasing up-graded meat were chargeds for a better quality than received. Il'H I Note$ of an Innocent Bystander: The Magio Lanterns: "Meet M ln St Louis" bulges with enough pleasant amusement to provide a month of daydreams. Set in the 23. skldoo era, the warm humor and Infectious ditties iiispir the spirit to show its dimples. Delightful Margaret Mar-garet O'Brien steals the picture and your heart ... A song-and-dan-cinema, "Something for the Boys," comes In on a buck-and-wing and lands gently on the eyes and ears. As in all musicals, the plot plays second fiddle sometimes It seems j that it isn't even in the orchestra. . . .The March of Time's latest concerns China a nation of great tragedies, great heroism, great hopes. . , . The script of "Blonde Fever" gets lost In a jungle oi cliches and no one misses it . . . Those who dreamed up a dullo-drama dullo-drama like "The Last Ride" should be in the Hall of Fame sweeping it The Paragraph of the Week: L. H. E.'s colyum In the N. Y. Times previewed history with this dialogue: "One more question, ques-tion, Daddy. What finally became be-came of this terrible Hitler?" . . . "For a long time, my child, nobody knew. There were stories. sto-ries. He was hiding In Spain, Japan, Argentina, Eire. Yon took your choice. Then, In 1960, a rng collector named Donner-bllts Donner-bllts died of Indigestion In Chicago. Chi-cago. That was Hitler. He had been living there sixteen years." . . . "But didn't anyone guess, Daddy?" . . . "No, you see, except ex-cept for changing his name and shaving off his mustache, he went right on being himself, damning Russia, England, democracy, de-mocracy, the Gov't at Washington, Washing-ton, and the U.S.A. in general. So the neighbors took him for Just an ordinary, crackpot and ner?r gave him a second thought." The book stores will shortly re ceive an extraordinary book called 'Axis Rule in Occupied Europe." It is by Raphael Lemkin. It is published by the Carnegie Endow ment for International Peace. . . . Book oracles state it is really the last word on what the Nazis have done to The Old Country. The Writers' Writ-ers' War Board (staffed with intellectuals, intel-lectuals, authors, editors, et al) is unable to name a "more important volume in its field." . . . The author au-thor of the book has created a word "genocide" to define the calculated calculat-ed destruction by the Germans of national and racial groups. . . . Buy two copies. One to read over and over again and the other to bang on the head of any supporter of a Nazi soft-peace. The Private Papers Of a Cub Reporter: Sufferers from the cigarette shortage short-age would like to know just why It is that night clubs are eniovine near ly all tie yreie biz. This is how come. . . . The night clubs are in this enviable position because they've always charged a dime to 15 cents over the retail shop prices, and, of course, they still are permitted permit-ted (by the OPA) to charge the same tariff as before the "ceilings" went into effect. . . . Then, besides getting get-ting 10c and 15c more per pack, the cigarette gals are invariably tipped an average of 25c for each pack. This, too, goes to the concessionaire. . . . As a result, getting 50c per pack for cigarettes (for which retail re-tail stores charge 17c) the concessionaires conces-sionaires are able to pay a good deal more for cigs than the retailers. retail-ers. That explains why all the night spots are doing a terrific clggie biz. Our Macon editor relays this letter let-ter from Dr. W. B. Burke. His son James is with our State Dep't. Jim auth'd "My Father in China." . Dr. Burke spent 50 years in China". . . . The letter in part: "The whispering whis-pering campaign in China against the Generalissimo and his wife is largely the work of pro-Jap 5th col-umnists. col-umnists. Unfortunately some of our correspondents over there have gotten got-ten some of the reports in the papers over here. ... At first the Generalissimo Gen-eralissimo thought he would ignore them. Then he realized the rumors were directed more against China than against himself. Therefore he felt that he had to bring these stories sto-ries into the light. As to the report he had been unfaithful to his wife he declared his relations with his wife had been without stain, absolutely abso-lutely pure. I can understand the object of the Japanese, but it is hard to get the workings of our American correspondents' mind This is for publication." The Wireless: A radiorator offered this bit of irony: The British removed re-moved handcuffs from Fascist Mos-ley. Mos-ley. but jailed Gandhi who only desires de-sires freedom for India. . . The March of Time again proves that the headlines are writing the most ex-plosive ex-plosive dramatic scripts. The MOT makes dreamed-up mike-believing seem more irksome than static. Nothing more ludicrous than com-mershills com-mershills nowadays urging listeners to buy ciggies. You're told why you should buy a certain brand-instead of where. Making Doll IW Furniture Is V UERE is miniature k-, ' " carefully scalefc C actual size pieces. Any will love the sturdy i.r upholstered sofa and 2ft chair with matching ' They are easy to make 3 fed by V J By Vi . piovie jn an I neec rs fo: so is me cnair. it i8 Cov ; The dining room fUmitUt. made of straight wi. , ure bt uiucKs b-f I FROM BL0CK9OF75!Tr-j SCRAP LUIBeTW I A MIL Rrrt fDd ' fc.-1 'u iani p n T v t s i. Jls Bro fpin-up jbf the of the i sd wh lids of if area, j here s chairs are smartly UDhnR bright oilcloth to simulate h The bed with upholstered! piece is especially glamoroJ the dainty dressing tahi. if maxcning siooi made of ha! T spool wiin paaaed top K. skirt. The nursery is alsn J aished with attractive piece NOTE Pattern 274 gives ij patterns or dimensions for all it, of this furniture with illustrated fcl tor making. Patterns and dirwt. lso given for the lames and J eessories. Pattern 273 gives aB aD lor making the doll house. Pattens cents each. Send direct to: MRS. RTJTH WYETH SPEASi Bedford Hills Nt iJ Drawer 10 Enclose 15 cents for each pi: ordered. Name .....j 1 Address ffce girls "te beys get i ey want th (tor -rf.ir.ine; tr CHRIWNtexn of U side, lxSM GET 1 PACKAGE Jhl AfctM return 3th's ' I 1,000 Bck 20 Sach n -in T on! Si guaranteed: r a nil ii w Kb rnch jo: "ill took hi tdped 1 Yes, ma'am! Yov foo, - 1 la answer sss of WA Elack Mag Here Com Bake with is asnoun weald co ietty Buttoi titers bega ii H 4Mb M B m H 1 I h Sho t Gen ten. Kl .ersej says Mother Matiff . J J YVt( tol s-.-p.s f yeen iy Earner Elcg and I (Kes in "Hi Itsed; fron top after With Amazing P.1ACA YEAs loria Ho The Fast, Dry TTeasfperator. v on the ro USE JUST IXOSZg. COMPRESSED';," YEAST! lEememb ike "peek There's nothing new to lp ; you use this wonderfully cDeKjie fo yeast Maca requires no special -We iette ods or recipes. It acts so fast, c-s ter to quickly-your baking is all io-S letter few hours. And what a J Maca Yeast gives bread and rolls' Jt, golden beauty, a smooth, eves ,f Th end a delicious old-fashioned l , fOneofth Stays Fresh for WeeW ttat f Without Refrigeration nt to se Think how Maca saves you y tt g to the store on bake days'- Ysfc:s eve always keep a handy supply tfJucLing, t pantry shelf For your comply F ) ; tion, we date every package. iuj So bake with success insuw hap fa Maca, the original fast, gnnu! wheQ fa Ask your grocer for Maca tw1 i new spo ' m be hi bd the r toe time ODDS A signet la " f 1 Hill ).. w-w. Vfar is serTi'!1 ' ?uen V J 1119 VT VI J armed fbrces-50, sometimes, r , cer might be out of ft. If be1! Yeast Foam (Magic Yeast), fc.y bakings a grand old-fashioow NORTHWESTERN YEAST C0Mf 1750 N. Aihlond Avs. Chi" , sswihwt im. itnmmn r"rT e 44 PHI on I tniy" t insi Dam eDo lAm in mi 1 to I |