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Show THE LEIII SUN, LEIII, UTAH r-km"irjvig ''71 i : ' ' I 'Victory Volunteers' Are Satisfactory Farm-Hands Most of 700,000 Young People Made Good, Quickly Learning Agricultural Skills, And Working Hard and Long.. C Ti r r iiA-iiririiilliiirfii-iiMiiiJ By BAUKIIAGE News Analyst and Commentator. WNU Service, Union Trust Building Washington, D. C. World War II has taught the world that it is one thing to raise an army and another thing to feed it feed its mouths and feed its guns. It didn't take the United States long after Pearl Harbor to realize that it was easy enough to find enough sailors and soldiers if you didn't have to worry about finding the civilians to take care of them, At present 10 men out of every 100 are deferred from military serv ice because Industry needs them; 18 out of every 100 because the farmers have to have them. Thirty- six out of every 100 men now in the armed forces were working in shops or factories in 1940. Twenty-three out of every 100 were on farms three years ago. Industry has charged that con' gress has been kindlier to the farm ers when it came to deferring their help than it has been to them. How ever that may be, you won't hear any farmers complaining about hav ing too much help. One thing, how- ever, according to the reports that have come Into the department of . agriculture, the farmers are not complaining on one score that a lot of them thought they were going to have to complain about that is, the help they get from the Victory Farm -Volunteers of the U. S. Crop corps, Many farmers who came to scoff remained to pray for more of the same. Not all of the young folks who worked on farms this summer were perfect. It Is estimated that there may have been some 700,000 of these young people, half were provided through the Federal Extension service serv-ice of the War Food administration, as many more probably found Jobs for themselves. Under the leadership leader-ship of the, State Extension service and with the active support of the schools, the youth-serving agencies, civic organizations and farm leaders, lead-ers, these Victory Farm Volunteers were assembled. Most of them ' made good. Their story makes an Interesting chapter In the history of American youth. A Huge Task It was no little Job to launch the project. Forty-three state farm labor la-bor supervisors and some 5,000 county farm labor assistants, under the guidance of the county extension agents, worked out the plans and procedure based on the local needs. They worked with state, county and often local labor committees. Of course, training was necessary. The boys and girls were carefully selected and many specially trained and supervised, and the farmers themselves learned that they could train better if they had a little training train-ing In the art of teaching themselves. This was provided. Most of the young workers lived at home and were transported to the farms. This was done In school buses, trucks or cars. Teachers, ministers, youth leaders, acting as supervisors, often accompanied the workers right Into the fields. In some places, boys lived in camps, but 50,000 boys and girls lived right with the families where they worked and many soon, became part of the family. Joining its actlv-ities, actlv-ities, church, grange meetings, dances, picnics. Some liked the life o well, especially those from the big cities, that they stayed right through the winter, attending the local lo-cal schools. Of course It was natural that the farmers were skeptical at first at the Idea of letting these strange kids overrun their places. But the majority changed their minds when they found how well the experiment worked. The young folks couldn't rival a trained farm worker, but ome were able to do much of the work as well, and In some cases, even better. Many farmers arranged ar-ranged to keep the same workers the next year. I talked to one farmer who took on an utterly green city boy. It was late summer when I saw them both. They were going to part and I can tell you both were pretty blue. School time had come and the boy's parents thought he better come home. He told me that he was going to be a fanner when he grew up and I believe be-lieve nothing will stop him. I saw a letter from a Crop corps city girl, very able at expressing herself. her-self. I want to quote one paragraph: "I have felt," she wrote, "unutterable "unutter-able satisfaction pervade this new 'me' as I squeezed, pulled and cajoled ca-joled the last squirt of rich white milk from a reluctant mountain of a Guernsey cow ... I am learning to love this new life and am surer than ever that I have chosen well In deciding to make it my own." The Misfits One of the great troubles of the world are the misfits, the folks who are in the wrong Job. There are a lot of newspaper men who ought to be barbers and a lot of barbers who might have been better sailors, a lot of farmers who ought to be in business. There are many people who have an inborn love of the coun try that never gets a chance to come out they don't even recognize recog-nize they have it. This summer, many of these young folks discovered discov-ered themselves realized that the country was where they belonged! I can well understand the remark of one of these volunteers, who probably prob-ably In his normal lifetime would never have had a chance to acquire the self-confidence behind a desk or at a bench, that he felt when he learned to drive a team of horses. "I felt that I was the most capable person in the world," he safd, "when I could finally drive a tedder through the hay." It will be hard to keep him and a lot of his ilk down at the shop after he's seen the farm. Winter Traffic Hazards The war department is concerned over the annual December peak In auto accidents, and Robert P. Pat terson, undersecretary of war, and Lieut Robert E. Raleigh, director of the International Association of Chiefs of Police, have teamed up to try to stop them. Seven valuable tips, based on Na tional Safety council research, on how to escape traffic tieups. skid- wrecks, lost time and road blockades block-ades have been offered: (1) Reduce speeds on snow and Ice. It takes 3 to 11 times normal distance to stop on snow or ice. Repair old tire chains. ($ Protect visibility. Check defroster, de-froster, windshield wipers, headlights head-lights and keep windshield clean. You must see a hazard to avoid it. (3) Use anti-skid chains. Tire chains reduce braking distances 40 to 50 per cent and provide traction on snow or ice. (4) Don't crowd traffic. When roads are slippery, allow three to six car lengths for every 10 m.p.h. because snow and ice increase brak ing distances 3 to 11 times over those required on dry pavement. Slipperi-ness Slipperi-ness varies, glare ice at thawing temperatures being twice as slippery slip-pery as dry ice near zero. (5) Anticipate mistakes. Drive so that you are prepared for any emergency emer-gency under prevailing conditions Anticipate mistakes of pedestrians and other drivers. (6) Signal your intentions. In turning turn-ing or stopping on hard-packed snow or ice, remember other drivers need more time and distance to adjust themselves to your moves. Give them a chance. Some may have neglected chains and have insufficient insuf-ficient traction. (7) Mechanics are scarce and your vehicle may have to last for the duration. Essential transportation is vital to victory. An ounce of pre vention is now worth ten pounds of cure. WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS Artillery Duels Soften Nazi Defenses, Smash at Enemy Armored Formations; Senate Studies Subsidy Compromise; New Law Tightens Draft Deferments (EDITOR'S NOTE: When opinion! r expressed In ibese columns, they ore those of Western Newspaper Union1! newi analysts and not necessarily of this newspaper.) Released by Western Newspaper Union. . ' ted v ,v.. &;--:-s& W 'V'. ''.'' Hallowed Ground Pvt. Donald McQuarrie, Thompsonville, Conn., pays homage to U. S. and British war heroes buried in cemetery near Algiers, North Africa. Sentence on sign reads: "Their supreme sacrifice demands your respect . ,, ." Better Rural Roads The National Highway Users conference con-ference calls my attention to a bill to create within the Federal Works agency a Rural Local Roads administration, ad-ministration, independent of the Public Pub-lic Roads administration, to co-operate with the states and their local subdivisions in the construction of rural local roads. It Is proposed In S. 1498 by Senator Stewart of Tennessee. The bill would authorize appropriations appropri-ations of $1,125,000,000 by the federal government to be made available at the rate of $375,000,000 a year for each of the three years immediately following the end of the war for construction con-struction of all-weather rural local roeds. B R I E F S . . . by Baukhage Doctors have been able to set up a health dispensary to serve workers In the promising rubber-producing Madre de Dios region of Peru as a result of flight service over the Andes. Cargo planes of the United States Rubber Development corporation corpora-tion are flying medical supplies, sanitation engineers, and doctors Into the remote country east of the Andes. The Cim a Indian tribe of Panama has been persuaded to declare war on the Axis and has gone to work gathering wild castilloa rubber to help the United Nations defeat the enemy. ITALY: . Artillery Booms Artillery duels boomed in Italy, as U. S. and British commands softened sof-tened up the Nazis' strong mountain defenses below Rome, and sought to smash the enemy's armored formations forma-tions concentrated for counterattacks. counter-attacks. . Immediately south of Rome, Lieut. Gen.- Mark Clark's U. S. Fifth army worked down the mountain slopes toward the Via Casilina, or highway, winding 80 miles through a valley to the Eternal City. Doughboys gained the heights in this sector after tedious action, braving mortar and machine gun fire to crawl up the Jagged slopes and seep into the enemy's en-emy's lines. On the Adriatic coast to the east, the Germans used strong armor formations for-mations against Gen. Bernard Montgomery's Mont-gomery's Eighth army inching forward for-ward along a narrow bottleneck of land between the mountains and sea. Italy's southern mountains were covered with snow as the battle raged. , DRAFT DEFERMENTS: Tightened . , - i , , In compliance with the new draft law passed by congress, appeal boards within tho district where deferred de-ferred men work took their cases under advisement. , In an effort to postpone the induction in-duction of fathers as long as possible by granting only the most necessary deferments, congress ruled that appeal ap-peal boards within the district where employers requested deferment for men were in the best position to determine the labor conditions in the .area. As a result, appeal boards of local boards are only to review cases in which the applicant actually works within their district, or if no appeal board exists in the district where he is employed, such as outside the U. S. CHEAP GOODS: More Asked Concerned over the decreasing stocks of low cost goods, Stabiliza tion Director Fred Vinson ordered the Office of Price Administration to boost prices of such merchandise wherever necessary to stimulate production. Vinson also directed the War Production Pro-duction board to furnish manufacturers manufac-turers with materials and facilities for raising output, and, if WPB thinks prices are too low, OPA must make adjustments. Manufacturers whose current profits prof-its are not more than twice those in the 1935-'39 period will be permitted permit-ted to Increase prices, on the basis of a 2 per cent profit margin over the production cost. SHIPYARDS: Off Sundays With U. S. shipyards how producing produc-ing five cargo essels a day, the maritime commission ordered them to take Sundays off, beginning January Janu-ary 1. The commission's directive indicated indi-cated a drop of 2& million tons in estimated ship construction in 1944, but this would be in line with predictions of some officials of a reduction in needs. . Shipyards will produce 18,890.000 tons of cargo ships this year on a seven-day, 24-hour-day basis. Elimination Elim-ination of work on Sunday would decrease de-crease production costs, since overtime over-time rates are paid. f ? -.! . ff Senator Taft CONGRESS: Oil With its advocates declaring it will stimulate production, the house passed and sent to the senate a bill ordering OPA to boost crude oil prices 35 cents to 74 cents a barrel above the average of $1.18 per barrel. Under the bill, prices would be increased in-creased not less than 80 per cent or more than 100 per cent of parity for oil, as determined by the U. S. department de-partment of labor in its general wholesale commodity index. It is estimated the boost would add 1 cent a gallon to gasoline prices. Subsidies - With ,tne bill barring subsidies passed by the house but tied up in the senate, the lat- ter's banking committee com-mittee appointed three men to study a possible compromise compro-mise on the legislation! legisla-tion! chiefly snarled because of objections objec-tions to cutting down retail food prices througlp-foyernment payments to processors. proces-sors. In the middle of the road on subsi dies, Senator Robert Rob-ert Taft (Ohio) stood between pro-subsidy pro-subsidy Senator Alben Barkley and anti-subsidy Senator John Bankhead on the three man subcommittee. Possibility of compromise loomed, since Taft favors limited rather than unlimited subsidies for controlling food costs. Profits Renegotiation of war contracts that is, opening up old contracts so as to .see whether original terms were too liberal could be appealed to the U. S. court of claims under the senate finance committee's revision re-vision of a house provision. Further, Fur-ther, the company could deduct federal fed-eral taxes from earnings before the government could consider whether profits were too great. Working on the house's new $2,140,000,000 tax bill, the same senate sen-ate committee shaved the figure below be-low $2,000,000,000 and indicated it would go through congress before the Christmas holidays. The com mittee voted to hold social secfirity taxes to present rate of 1 per cent, and to require labor unions and farm cc-operatives to file financial statements. POUND JAPS: In Pacific, China as Allied forces punched at the Japs on Bougainville and New Gul nea, fleets of Liberator bombers plastered the enemy's supply depots on New Britain island. Reception centers for Jap cargo shipping, these depots then have been used to load barges for distribution on the en emy's jungle fronts. wnue u. s. and Aussie troops pounded forward in the South Pa cific, U. S. army and navy airmen continued bombing the Japs' Mar shall Islands in mid-Pacific. Like the recently conquered Gilberts, these islands flank the Allied supply line ro Australasia, and are a threat to any movement westward. In China, Jap troops began anoth- er or their many withdrawals after smashing at Chinese concentrating.. this time in 'the rice-rich Chaneteh area below the great Yanetze river iratnc artery. HIGHLIGHTS in the week's news ARM I COLLEGES: The army does not intend to close, down th Specialized Training program, the war department said, replying to newspaper reports that the program was about to be liquidated. Secre- r. .... ' tsry Stimson said that while the i Uty million gallons of gasoline, ' program is now being reduced it fuel oils, lubricants and other petro- might later be expanded. At pres-leum pres-leum Products are now going direct- ent 222 colleges and universities are ly to the fighting forces every day. training army men STEEL: While the war program will not take as much steel next year as it did in 1943, there will not be much more fabricated steel for civilian uses unless plants are released to make such products; industry in-dustry executives stated in a recent conference. The demand for bars and structural steel has become easier, eas-ier, but sheets and plates are still "tight." RUSSIA: Major Battles Two hard battles raged In south ern Russia, with both sides slugging toe to toe west of the Ukrainian capi' tal of Kiev, and the Reds fighting for positions Inside the big Dnieper bend. Throwing fresh reinforcements Into the Kiev battle, Russia's Gen. Nickolas Vatutin counterattacked Germany's advancing forces, which picked up 40 miles after weeks of slow, bitter fighting. Although Nazi Gen. Fritz von Mannstein's Kiev offensive appeared to relieve Russian pressure on Germany Ger-many to the north, the Reds continued con-tinued to launch large-scale attacks to the south, where they were fighting fight-ing to secure bridgeheads across the Dnieper river to set up a springboard spring-board toward Rumania. Success of Russian forces here would threaten the Nazi-held iron ore center of Krivoi Rog. COTTONSEED: Less Crushed -Cottonseed crushed in the period from August 1 to November 30 dipped to 1,884,351 tons, compared with 2,074,615 for the same period last year. There was a similar drop in manufacture manu-facture of cottonseed products, with 575,722,000 pounds of crude oil put out against 640,125,000 in 1942; 437,-244,000 437,-244,000 pounds of refined oil against 465,361,000; 865,355 tons of cake and meal against 912,999; 439,483 tons of , hulls against 500,583; and 560,-000 560,-000 running bales of linters, against 618,143. As of November 30, stocks of the various cottonseed products oh hand were substantially below those of a year ago. SILVER: Off to War More than 775 million ounces of the U. S.'s huge hoard of 2 billion, 700 million ounces of silver have gone to war, for use in war plants and weapons. In addition, 3 million ounces have been lend-leased to Britain and Australia for making coin. Most of the silver was lent by the treasury to the government's defense plant corporation for war work, and much of this is expected to be recovered. re-covered. However, another 23 million mil-lion ounces was sold outright to in dustry. ; Eased on 1940 figures, the U. S. holds about half of the world's supply sup-ply of silver, compared with its own ership of approximately two-thirds of the world's gold stocks. Gold holdings amount to 22 billion dollars. However, holdings have been dwindling at a steady rate, with over 200 million dollars shipped out to China aspart of a huge loan, and many South American countries building up large balances because of sales to the U. S. llMliinlbti Mtnmr-1 m n mn I nil If Ml KUIIIU' SOLDIERS' DEBTS: Can't Sue Co-Signers Basing his decision on an act passed in 1940, Federal Judge Philip Sullivan sitting in Chicago, 111., ruled that creditors could not sue co signers oi noies oi aeDtors now in the service. juage sunivan s decision coun tered an amendment to the act. which permitted creditors to get co signers to waive immunity if the debtor entered the services. Said Judge Sullivan: The creditor loses none of his rights, since arrangements ar-rangements have been made for payment of the debt 'three months after a serviceman is discharged, and, further, action against co-signers might distress soldiers and sailors sail-ors as much as a suit against themselves. them-selves. White House Vetoing a suggestion of the District Dis-trict of Columbia officials, Mrs. Eleanor El-eanor Roosevelt asked that the annual Christmas Christ-mas tree ceremony on the White House grounds be held this year. But heeding the commissioners' commis-sioners' proposal that the District's already overloaded transportation transporta-tion facilities be spared Mrs. FDR and electricity saved, Mrs. FDR requested capital residents walk to the scene, and also that no lights be used for decoration. Bnsiness manager for FDR's presidential campaign in 1932 and his devoted secretary afterward, 65-year-old Marvin H. Mclntyre died recently after a long illness. As secretary secre-tary in charge of presidential presi-dential appointments, Mclntyre was known to have spoken to 41 indi viduals over the phone -.i and 60 in person before lunch time. One day. 500 incoming telephone calls were counted for him. f j f'i f I tJ - Washington, D. C. RECOGNIZE SMALL NATIONS One result of the Big Four conferences con-ferences may be a greater partlct pation of small nations In the United Nations councils. President Roose velt is known to advocate this. Also, he would like to shift the council meetings from London to Washington. Washing-ton. The idea of greater recognition of little nations is based not only' on fairness and equity, but also on the fact that Latin American nations are getting increasingly hurt, if not pro-ivoked, pro-ivoked, over being left out of important im-portant United Nations parleys. A large number of small nations are now belligerents, having declared de-clared war against Germany, while at least two of them Brazil and Mexico are strategically vital to the war. Without Brazilian bases, for instance, it would be almost impossible im-possible to ferry planes back and forth to North Africa with such rapid efficiency. It was originally planned, in advance ad-vance conversations (prior to Moscow) Mos-cow) between ex-Undersecretary of State Sumner Welles and Roosevelt, also between the President and Churchill, to include smaller members mem-bers of the United Nations In an over-all organization. A smaller council of Great Britain, Russia, the United States and China was to guide the over-all organization, but the smaller nations were to be a very definite and important part of the setup. - , Also, it was planned to have United Unit-ed Nation. headquarters in the fresher, fresh-er, more idealistic atmosphere of Washington, not in the Old World atmosphere of London. Secretary Hull was not quite able to put these two ideas across at Moscow, Mos-cow, but the President's persuasive influence on Stalin and Churchill may do so. He considers both items Important to getting a permanent peace organization off with the right foot forward. 5 IV Contrasts in the JVeu,. The silver-lining trlb'jr ing that everything j, pff cream. They oppose In manpower for the amV Although every fact deb fen they convey the imprX" Americans should starLt phone books so they'll i-P? confetti to flip at victory! ' a "few weeks" ... Mea-T. Japs are being pushed ari Pacific. But It's far frori . TTi mn over, t rum larawa cam grim news that froze the t cles: About 3,000 mart headed the initial assault land, but only a few l -caped death or injury. Mclntyre SECRET WEAPON Further details on Germany's new secret weapon." the rocket eun. have leaked out through Switzerland. Switzer-land. According to this information from "diplomatic sources," the rocket is a shell 45 feet long, weigh-ing weigh-ing 12 tons. It is launched bv a steam catapult. As soon as it gets into the air, the rocket begins to propel itself. Thirty feet of the shell is filled by the apparatus and fuel needed for motion. The other 15 feet contains the explosive charge said to be compressed nitric .m CAREER DIPLOMATS Career diplomats are worried about a state department policy which brings new men into the foreign for-eign service at higher rates of pay-even pay-even including some men who have previously failed to pass career service serv-ice examinations. Known as "auxiliaries," they are appointed for the duration of the war. But Assistant Secretary of State Howland Shaw recently hinted that they may be kept indefinitely. Alexander Schnee, 29, twice failed the foreign service examination. He then took a job with the commerce department and, when the war came, was made an auxiliary foreign for-eign service officer. He is now attached at-tached to the U. S. embassy at Buenos Aires, at $4,600. If he had passed the exams in the first place, he would now be getting only $3,000. Fred H. Await, 33, likewise failed the foreign service exam, later was appointed as an auxiliary, and is serving as junior economic analyst at $3,800, which is $800 more than he would be getting if he had not failed the examinations. Men who have passed those exams a four-day series of tests and the toughest in the government resent the fact that they are being topped in pay by other candidates from outside. PROTECTING THE PRESIDENT The only people in the U. S. A. who are really made unhapny bv the President's travels especially overseas are the Secret Service. They spend sleepless nights until he comes home again, worried that something may happen. On last winter's overseas iunket to Casablanca, an extranrriinnnr measure of protection was taken. Nothing like it has ever been seen In the history of the world. A great armada of ships of all kinds, mostly fighting ships, was assembled near the bulge of Brazil, and also near the bulge of West Africa. The ships moved out along the path which the President was to follow and nrae- tically covered every square mile of the Atlantic at this narrow crossing. The President himself was flyine overhead in a Pan American clipper," clip-per," and the purpose of the ships was to form what the navy called nei oi protection, it was to serve the President as the net to the circus serves the traDeze artist If the President's plane were forced down Into the sea, no matter where, there would be at least one ship at that spot to rescue him. No such plan was used on his latest trip, however. The mode of protection protec-tion cannot now be revealed, but when the story is told, it will show an entirely different strategy. CAPITAL CHAFF C Diplomatic grapevine reports that the state department is in for a delightful de-lightful satire In Sidney Baron's forthcoming book, "One Whirl" Those who have peeped at advance proofs say the appeasement boys won't like it C While the United States, for reasons rea-sons of policy, is withdrawing from the Argentine market, John Bull Js still plugging his old slogan in Argentina Argen-tina "Buy British." Th! . featured in British magazine adver-tisements adver-tisements in. Argentina even now. A group of senators ; our genuine Good Neighfc, ing of mud. We refer to : that declared war agafc ca's enemies and have t thing in their power t: Friendly relations betu,, Sam and most of his neigh-been neigh-been a shining light fan world . . . However,': tors have been mum whe: to a neighbor that has bet errands for our enemies t the Axis to kill Americas and sailors. They look: way when it comes to drk thing about pro-Nazi Argi Much space has been fea j sob stories about the sifcldi Berliners. They come frof j sources. Indeed, the be 1 any city Isn't a picnic, festcfi Nazis asked for it by s:m war and gloating about it they massacred. The Kdt J others a taste of total vis h they're getting it. All wa:lue . '. . Buried in every reporsrfe on Berlin are figures 0d)i planes lost by the Allies, M.t: our sympathy to the famSJrje brave fliers who are gir lives to end a war thi tn wanted. There has been an aviJ postwar plans. All have f$ in common: Fasciom mus,Te out and never allowed f again. They know that F?111 Germany and elsewhere I1' great dangers to America'!1?'1 ... At the same time! J those Idealists can look yclai in the eye and insist thatM; not deprive Fascists in Atit their civil liberties. Altt fa know Fascists here onljlt& t dom to help them spout fey j I no The army, navy and e:N i composed of different rat:te' religions and political be'j &,e United Nations also haveN the same differences. Birf strongly united, fighting Kr together. Their unified si6 winning the war . . . E.f for differences in Washington dering the war. And ini American cities people c! :s races and religions will nof n with each other. Although1? : far from the battlefields If forced to make fewer sacrf0' any fightin man of the t'S tions they can't match t e otism or unity of men in fPf0! N s Congress Is now' orally i0 laudable bill: To provide I fr security for demobilize" That deserves every iP&a' support . . . At the Congress is dynamitinj fa rationing and price eovtoiP n back the flood of inflatta I leashed, it win blast eref f v can's economic security, f j"1 the Americans who retunf 1 fS J"'j in: dreffSN'11 battlefronts. Berlin bombs. Is being Headlines aboui hem, fhwiiin jj ttt- iJ: mei force the German-vermii5 In the brownshirt But Ty be won by wishful total" of our editorialists seta Li Ing . . . For contrast headline from Hitler's wi p a time when London Vj-V1 blitzed by the Luftwaffe K Bombed Again, British SC-i?! render" 351 The Magazines: Weniff' I Is getting sick of that emfjj iuo mat -rree enterpnwj his Look piece, Mr. W. squeicner: "some oi hear about free enterprisijk'rn : vate enterprise is Just on the part of powerful fgf have not practiced real et w a generation and have bQ( of doing so" . . . H. ? the G nutshells our war aio51 'gland; Affairs: "Our aim in asked'i the defeat of our enemie 0 ; nent victory over their djs t si Never in the history has there been more &f for permanent peace Victory isn't in the baft V".C.t1 ing nations are In a rut 'PaJB( among the peace-lovia1 - 27u, have made a vital irtW "I on a happy world (?t0'M isolationists are trjM .t,k those plans. Only fft Jff4 sneer at every i) family of nations. sJ ky th won't work. Yet they r people who said they ( and knew how to insuff'. |