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Show PeacePlannersEmphasize Need for Orderly 'D' Day Planning Board Report Envisions Reintegration Reintegra-tion of Men Into Services Where Skill, Ability Are Recognized. By BAUKIIAGE Newt Analyst and Commentator. Next week's release tf "Wssb-Ington "Wssb-Ington Digest" will be written from Qnebee, where H. R. Baukhage covered the history-making history-making Roosevelt-Churchill con feresce for Western Newspaper Union and Its affiliated newspaper!. news-paper!. WNU Service, Union Trust Building Washington, D. C. As the plans which received their final approval at the Quebec confer-ence confer-ence start turning from ink and pa per to moving men and machines, the thoughts of other planners turn toward another zero hour ' D" day, The war Is not over by any means but hard-headed people who realize that you can't wait until it rains to prepare for a rainy day know that you can't wait until the sun comes out to buy your summer clothes, "D" day Is as important as "M" day. Demobilization Is as big a problem as mobilization. Various plans have been worked on, none has been perfected. The President has offered one. The Republican party will offer another. Industry will present its program. The administration, ad-ministration, whoever is at the helm when peace comes, will have a heavy responsibility. The National Resources Planning board has already al-ready made a report expressing its opinions on a plan drawn up by a special committee on post-war readjustment re-adjustment which, at least, gives us a point of departure. Plan Needed Now The board points out that victims of the war are already coming back and the time is ripe. Only the other day, X went through Walter Reed , hospital here and saw some of those victims. Saw photographs of the conditions in which they come back and others showing what medical skill has done for them. I also saw the workshops where wounded men are being rehabilitated, fitted to take up work which, in spite of their handicaps, they could learn to do. This plan emphasizes the need for an orderly demobilization. It is im-portant im-portant to get every man who can be spared from the armed forces, the moment he can be spared without with-out threatening the nation's security, back into civilian life. I know how glad I was when I got out of uniform uni-form into civvies after the last war. But the report emphasizes that still more Important than speed is order In demobilization. "We not only want the men out of the armed services; we want to get them Into peace services where skills and abilities abil-ities can be fully recognized, utilized uti-lized and rewarded." That is the thesis of the planning board. Responsibility for the placement of veterans in Industry is acknowledged acknowl-edged by the re-employment division divi-sion of 'the selective service system under the selective service act The selective service system is not perfect per-fect but considering the job it had to do, it has worked out in a manner that Is a triumph of the democratic method. Draft boards are groups of "neighbors" who pass upon each registrant, and on that basis, select or reject him. The same system will put the soldier back into his old job if his old job is there, and if he can fill it But many had no jobs. Others for one reason or another will be unable un-able to fill the ones they had before the war. These cases must be taken care of. Board's Principles Business has been shuffled and shifted about just as fee men themselves them-selves have. It may be difficult to get man and job together. The problem Is intricate but the committee com-mittee has tried to lay down certain principles. Here they are: 1. Three months' furlough at the end of the war at regular base pay sot to exceed $100 a month, plus family allowances. 2. Beyond that time, If necessary. Unemployment insurance . for 26 weeks for those who register with the government employment service. serv-ice. , 3. Special aid and counsel regard, ing readjustment and compensation. 4. Special provision. Including tuition tui-tion and allowance, for the continuation continu-ation of education interrupted by the war or to follow a special course of training. BRIEFS ... 6y Baukhage In Britain, about 150.000 tons of timbr, salvaged from bombed buildings, have been refinlshed and made into crates and boxes for important im-portant war uses. With German war nerves somewhat some-what frayed at the edges, the Nazis are conducting a politeness campaign cam-paign to ease the irritation and get Germans to be nicer to each other. 5. Veterans credit for old age and survivors' Insurance on the basis of service in the armed forces. 6. Opportunities for agricultural employment and settlement for a limited number of well qualified men. But no dumping of men on farms simply because industrial employment em-ployment is not immediately available. avail-able. Re-Training Program Similar provisions must be made for war workers as war industries close or change over. Meanwhile, the government will maintain centers cen-ters where assistance and retraining retrain-ing for civilian jobs can be arranged. In order to prevent a too rapid attempt at-tempt at change-over of industry, a moderate policy of continuation of war contracts some of which can be continued in the national good. Of course, nothing can be done permanently to stabilize the labor situation without a rapid expansion of peace-time industry toward a goal of full employment. It Is well understood un-derstood even by the most fervent of government planners that private Industry and not the government must eventually furnish the employment employ-ment Already industry is offering plans of its own but it cannot be expected to do the whole job. One suggestion is that government loans be made to industries turning to peace-time production pro-duction in proportion to the number of men such industries employ. Business cannot take over the burden bur-den alone. In 1939, we were at peace although we were making a lot of war supplies for the Allies. Then 4.1 million workers were employed em-ployed in munitions making. Eight and six-tenths millions were work ing on farms or agricultural pursuits. pur-suits. At the end of last year, the workers in war plants had more than doubled. They were 10.5 millions. mil-lions. In agriculture, unemployment has not greatly changed, compara tively speaking; farm workers ameunt to 8.9 millions. But the men in the armed forces more than doubled. dou-bled. In the same period the unemployed un-employed had decreased from 8.7 millions to 1 million. (Some of these we shall always have with us the lame, the halt and, of course, the lazy.) But it is estimated there were 900,000 persons jobless and deserving de-serving work In July of this year. There may be points to the committee's com-mittee's plan to which objections will be raised. It is not offered as a working drawing, merely as a basis of discussion, but how much better such a procedure is than the policy after the last war when the soldier was a football and where each congress tried to vote more dollars out of the treasury without rhyme or reason; money which didn't provide jobs, which in many cases, pitifully failed of its purpose, and in others simply filltd the coffers cof-fers of the bootlegger and the shark and left the recipient nothing. Diary of a Broadcaster Over the land, the Victory gardens are bringing In their rich yields to many a person who probably never worked as hardphysically for his supper before. And probably never had more fresh, sweet and luscious vegetables. But I wandered over a farm recently re-cently that was crying for rain. I couldn't help thinking, as I pushed through a wood lot beside a shrunken shrunk-en stream, stained brown from the yellow leaves that carpeted it how all the living things were anguishing anguish-ing with thirst Twigs snapped un der one's feet like dry bones, there was an ugly growl instead of a happy hap-py hum from the insects it seemed that only the tough blue-bottles could survive. Not far from the stream where the. earth in the bed of a spring was still damp, one cricket was singing gratefully but there were few of his fellows about Leaves on tall weeds hung to the stem like a flag at half-staff on a day when no breeze stirs, one yellow-headed flower stood out in a spot of color, tt looked like a very sleepy little girl, her damp locks glued to her face almost concealing her tired smile. , I thought: "I wish I could stay here until the rain comes singing through the leaves, wetting cracked lips of the peeling furrows I believe be-lieve I would hear a real hymn of rejoicing go up." The French Academy of Axis and Sciences has decided not to nominate nomi-nate any new members for membership member-ship until the war is over. A private citizen recently was paid $400 when she brought a triple damage suit against a retailer for overcharging her two cents on each of four dozen eggs. The settlement was made out of court h il russia: IllfIflrlllrd WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS Essential Work Only Deferment Basis; Allied Fliers Pour More Block Busters On Berlin and Italian Defense Targets; Nation Ponders Possible Labor Draft Released by Western Newspaper Union. . When American troops captured Munda airfield on New Georgia bland In the central Solomons after a bitter struggle, they found these Japanese fighter and bomber planes bombardment. EUROPE: 'Scarred and Burned' Prime Minister Churchill's vow to "sear, scar and burn" Hitler's European Euro-pean fortress was drawn in sharp focus with the RAF's 700 plane raid on BEriin and the bombardment of Italian communication and industrial industri-al centers. Poised at three" different points, Allied armies awaited the command to spill over into Europe. One million mil-lion men stood in the Near East; another million were concentrated In Sicily and North Africa, and approximately approx-imately 2 million were ready for action in England. But as they waited, Allied bombers bomb-ers poured block-busters on the Axis Industries turning out armaments for the enemy forces. Assaults continued con-tinued on the railroads over which the Axis could rush reinforcements to meet the Allied invasion. And airfields from which Axis armies could rise to challenge the Allies' air cover for the oncoming troops were ripped up. , Hitler First Concentration on the defeat of Hitler, but consideration of means of speeding up the war in the Pacific, Pa-cific, were the principal military topics top-ics of the Quebec conference between be-tween President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill. In the political field, plans were laid to return friendly reconquered countries over to the provisional governments in exile. Enemy countries coun-tries would remain subject to military mili-tary government Declaring that unification was needed to co-ordinate the services of the combined Allied armies, navies and air forces, the conferees i said that additional meetings would be necessary, and probably would be called at shorter intervals. A tri-partite conference with Russia concerning the future disposition of Europe will be sought, it was stated. PACIFIC: At Japs Back Door While the little "sons of heaven" fell back before the advancing Allied Al-lied armies in the Southwest Pacific American forces under Vice-Adm. Thomas C. Kin- kaid stole through the misty, swirl ing Aleutian fog to retake Kiska island and plant their battle stand ards within 600 miles of the n. northern point of the Japanese empire. On this northern point at Paramu-shiro Paramu-shiro stands the great military base guarding the back door to Tokyo. Already, American heavy bombers have made two raids on Paramu-shlro,but Paramu-shlro,but since the fogs which shroud the north Pacific assemble here and then move eastward toward the Aleutians, the Japs still possess an advantage in weather. In the Southwest Allied troops, bore down on Salamaua, New Guinea, as the Japs fell back for a last stand before the town. In the central Solomons, the enemy were penned in their last holding en Kolombangara island. HIGHLIGHTS PRIVATE DEBT: People owe much less than they did two years ago, according to a report by United Business service. At the end of 1941 total consumer debt outstand ing, mostly "on installment sales, amounted to $9,800,000,000. Now It i about five billion dollars. Higher incomes and restricted opportunities to buy goods have acted to care down the outstanding debt ! j jj THE LEIII SUN. LEW, UTAH 1 wrecked by the Yanks' heavy aerial MANPOWER: 446,000 Dads to Go To meet the armed services' call for 1,873,000 men during the last half of 1943, it will be necessary to induct in-duct about 448,000 fathers, Selective Service Director Lewis B. Hershey declared. Out of every 100 dads, 7 will be drafted, and perhaps 13 rejected. . According to Hershey, 738,000 of the 1,566,000 1-A men of record rec-ord July 1, will be colors before the end of the year, Another 644,000 will be obtained from examination of the physi cally unfit in 4-F and those hitherto deferred because of essential occu pation. Exhaustion of this pool will result in the induction of fathers to meet the armed services' goals Fathers employed in essential war work may obtain deferment Her shey said, particularly if they are employed in areas with labor short ages. Of the 1,449,000 exempt be cause of agricultural activities, none are expected to be called, to pre vent interference with food output Labor Draft? Director Hershey's statement fol lowed reports that the government was shaping a national labor draft to meet a need for 2,600,000 new workers for essential industry. War Manpower , Commissioner Paul V. McNutt declared that the WMC would continue to resort to voluntary efforts to obtain the neces. sary help. Recently, the WMC made essential occupation the sole basis for draft deferment, even for fa thers after October 1 With most of the 18-year-olds scheduled for the services; with many workers loath to switch to war work from non-essential occu pations, and with the supply of working work-ing women about drained, attention was focused on a labor draft for solution so-lution of the manpower problem. INCOME TAX: Estimate Returns Fifteen million taxpayers will be required to file estimates of their 1943 income taxes September 15, but the nation's farmers will have the choice of making their declarations on that date or December 15. All married men with gross incomes in-comes of $3,500 or more, and single persons earning $2,700 or over, must file figures showing, how much they owe the government in excess of the 20 per cent being deducted from the wages through the current withholding with-holding tax. At the same time, a 50 per cent payment of the estimated estimat-ed excess liability must be made. If farmers file a return of their estimated tax September 15, they also must make a 50 per cent payment pay-ment If they choose to file December De-cember 15, they must make full payment In the case of the average taxpayer, tax-payer, he will be allowed a 20 per cent error in margin. Farmers are granted a 33 per cent margin. All taxpayers will have to file a final return on their tax liability next March 15, at which time any balances bal-ances will be settled. in the week's nevet WAR FRAUDS: War frauds are much bigger than In 1917 and '18 in this much bigger war, U.S. Attorney General Francis Biddle commented, in announcing that 123 federal indictments in-dictments have been obtained, and that 1,279 cases are being investigated. investigat-ed. Seventy-one cases have been disposed of, and some kind of penalty pen-alty has been levied in 90 per cent cf these cases, be said. Lewis B. Hershey called to the RUSSIA: Seeks Iron The coal and iron of the Doneti basin lay before the massed might of the Russian armies as they surged forward on the ' southern front. In one sector, where the Nazis claimed more than 150,000 Reds were concentrated, their lines were slowly pushed back under the heavy Russian artillery and tank fire, and rolling waves of infantry. Farther to the north, the Reds pressed westward after retaking the blackened ruin of Kharkov, the great Industrial city whose foundries and mills shaped the Donetz' iron into steel. Here, the Russians threw out a column that bore down on the big railroad line running into the far southeastern corner of the Donetz Do-netz basin, where the Nazis were fighting the latest Red break. As fighting mounted in the south, It was reported that a Finnish labor leader had met a British union representative rep-resentative in Sweden and given him proposals for settling the Russo-Finnish Russo-Finnish war. These called for respect re-spect for traditional Finnish territory terri-tory and Allied economic assistance. TIRES: To Release 17,OOO,OQ0 Seventeen million automobile tires will be released for essential civilian use in 1943, and plans are being made for the distribution of 30 million mil-lion more next year. Rubber Director Direc-tor William Jeiters reported. Distribution of 30 million tires next year, however, will depend upon the War Production board's approval ap-proval of an expansion in the synthetic syn-thetic rubber manufacturing facilities. facili-ties. Since most of the tires would be synthetic and more time is required re-quired for their fabrication, additional-equipment will be needed to meet the distribution goal. Declaring that only holders of "B" and "C" gas ration cards could be expected to obtain new tires, Jef-fers Jef-fers said that the rubber on the wheels of America's automobiles remained re-mained the greatest assurance for future driving. Every effort should be made to retain these tires in use by recapping, Jeffers declared. World's Steel Center Two giant battleships and more than 1,000 four-motored bombers can be built every 24 hoars with the daily output of the American steel mills. Annual capacity of the industry now totals 90,881,000 tons, about 10,000,003 more tons than in 1940 By 1944, capacity is expected to reajch 96,000,000 tons. Record ore shipments and scrap supplies have enabled the mills to operate at close to 100 per cent of 1 -is,,-. 1 Pour Molten Steel capacity. Blast furnaces which melt the ore into metallic iron from which steel then is made, have been increased to handle 64,-500,000 64,-500,000 tons of raw material annually. an-nually. Because it has been previously refined, scrap can be mixed with the molten iron from the blast furnaces for production of steel, thns conserving the need for additional addi-tional ore and speeding the manufacturing manu-facturing process. FOOD PRICES: Blames Middlemen Charging the existence of an ever- widening gap between prices received re-ceived by farmers and those Daid by consumers. Rep. Hampton P. 1ilmer (S. C.) .declared "money-mad "money-mad middlemen making war Droflts up to 500 per cent" are responsible for snortages and price increases of foodstuffs. Fulmer is leader of the house's farm bloc. Office of Price Administration fie- ures show that a majority of large wholesalers mad6 at least 100 per cent greater profits in 1942 than in 1939, Fulmer said, while one-fifth of all wholesalers received profits of 500 per cent To remedy the alleged Drofiteer- ing, Fulmer said he would press for establishment of set crices for bssie farm commodities, with percentage markups allowed for distributor- and retailers. PAY CHECKS Langer hours, authorized waee in creases, and "upgradine" of work- ers into higher-paid classifications, have combined to keen the nav checks of millions of urban worki s climbing faster than living costs so far in 1943; these three factors are having a greater effect in raising tne average wage level than most persons realize, and they operate without breaking existing va. freeze regulations, according to the Northwestern National Life Insurance Insur-ance Co. of Minneapolis. I' Hi w Rationing Manpower By PAUL V. McNUTT Chnirmta Wtr Mtnpomr Ctmmiuion. The new frontier in manpower Is effective use of manpower. Management, Man-agement, labor, and the public must see to it that no workers and no hour of any worker's time is wasted. During the past two years manpower man-power problems have changed from time to time. At first it was largely a matter of "getting the right workers work-ers In the right jobs in the right numbers at the right time." Workers Work-ers to be put into right jobs were drawn largely from the unemployed. At the same time there was the Job of training workers to take their part in the production of goods needed need-ed in our war effort. Many workers had lost their skills through years of unemployment and needed retraining. retrain-ing. Many others took jobs for the first time and needed training to give them skills which they did not have. In meeting these manpower needs United States Employment service offices of the War Manpower commission com-mission placed more than 11,000,000 workers from May, 1942, .to .May, 1943, of whom 7,921,000 were in war Industries and 3,727,000 in agriculture. agricul-ture. During this war training facilities facil-ities gave training to more than 10,000,000 enrollees. I We now have fewer than 1,000,000 persons unemployed In the country, and this is thought to be an irreducible irreduci-ble minimum. As we get nearer the bottom of the manpower barrel the manpower problems to be met change In character. More Workers Needed Than Are Available Even though several million more women join their sisters in overalls by July of next year and other millions mil-lions of youth, handicapped persons, older workers, etc., take jobs by July of next year, the demand for workers is so great that there still will be many more persons needed than are available. Consequently, we will have to be very careful in sending new workers Into places where they are needed most and in using them, and other employed workers so that their work time is not wasted. It used to be that when a war plant let us say, wanted 10,000 workers, work-ers, the employment service could go out and find the needed people. Now the War Manpower commission commis-sion officials have to find out whether or not these workers are really needed. Using the experience of other war plants they may find that the plant has a very high percentage of highly high-ly skilled workers whose skills are not being fully used and that some of those could be shifted into other jobs. Then less skilled persons or persons with physical disabilities could be put in their place. In other words, with as few workers work-ers available as we have today, the shipyard should justify its request for more workers by showing that it is making the best possible use of all the workers it already has. That is , just common sense. It represents a kind of rationing of manpower to those who can use the manpower best Job of Bureau of . Manpower Utilization The Bureau of Manpower Utilization, Utiliza-tion, that, has the job of ensuring effective use of workers, is the newest new-est of the War Manpower commis sion's bureaus. The work Is done largely in the field by a small staff. They are skilled management engineers engi-neers and practical business men. This staff is at the service of American industry on the call of industries in-dustries and area manpower officials. offi-cials. It is their job to consult with and assist management to make the best possible use of workers. , The field force will be supplemented supplement-ed by a volunteer group of skilled engineers and managers. The manpower officials in the various va-rious regions feel free to call upon these individuals when it Is felt that they can be of special service in solving problems of the best use cf workers. However, the great bulk of the commission'! work will be done by the staff of about 175 Manpower Utilization consulants. There is another side to effective use of workers that many persons don't recognize. Workers frequently frequent-ly have to stay away from their Jobs to visit ration boards, selective service boards, do shopping, do the laundry, or to take care of children. Women, particularly, often Quit because they find it impossible to carry on a full-time job and manage their household with the shortage of community services. All auch absenteeism and turnover colds down production. Therefore, effective use of local labor supply depends in good part on adjustments within the community. - The program of an eastern city shows the extent to which a community commu-nity can adjust Itself to the needs of war workers. In this city great emphasis has been put on the provision provi-sion of wide recreational facilities hours of employees in the war plants. In addition, child care centers cen-ters have been established to take care of the children of working parents. II 7573 COME nf . framing your initial decoration and color ens. A nair 10 guest towels done thisM It's all simplest stitcheij inch alphabets". - mamas bu unusually larse dml current war condlUoM,4ftli Is reauired in mil,. 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