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Show TUB LEIII SUN. LEUI. UTAH 'British Plan' Advocated To Solve Farm Problem Shortage of Labor in Agriculture Remedied By England Through Job Priority Decree; Essential Farming Gets Preference. . Dy BAUKIIAGE New$ Analytt and Commentator. WNU Service, 1343 H Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. There Is one question which the farmer wants answered but which a large part of the rest of the population popu-lation doesn't realize is one of the most Important questions of the day. It Is: Will the farmers get enough help to save the crops this year and enough help to produce the food for the "Food for Freedom" program next year? I have spent the week talking to people who are going to be responsible respon-sible for the answering of that ques-tion. ques-tion. And the composite answer as I get it Is this: "Generally speaking, yes. However, How-ever, some of the crops raised this year will go by the boards. But we believe we can handle next year s bigger crops." What is Washington going to do to solve this problem? 1. Much talk but do legislation legisla-tion nntil after elections.' 2. That talk however will develop de-velop some unpleasant and Important Im-portant truths. S. As a result, eventually legislative action, mapped en the British plan. But meanwhile there will be 4. Temporary makeshifts which may alleviate bat cannot cure the farmer's labor pains. The first. Immediate effort' will be on a voluntary basis. (I'll go Into that later.) But it will leave a lot of spoiled tomatoes, among ether things. . The second thing will be legislation legisla-tion which will be based on the British experience and (we hope) will give the farmer the help he needs to carry out his share of the battle. In Great Britain they tried one measure and another, first voluntary vol-untary and then gradually tightening tighten-ing regulations. Their experience ended to two things: First, laws that kept the men who were to rock-bottom, necessary industries in-dustries i including farming) to those Industries. Second, It put the men needed in those essential industries Into those Industries. V What the British did amounts to this, and it Is what we have to do, and are going to do eventually decree a rigid priority of jobs. And that means decide where and what a man must do. (Fight, make munitions, mu-nitions, hoe corn, etc.) Ei$ential Farming And, when it comes to farming, subdivide: Say what is essential farming and what isn't If you are an essential farmer, you farm. Otherwise, Oth-erwise, you fight. That concept will be framed to a law, a law that is being studied today as you hear the various testimony of experts aired In the hearings before the various congressional committees a law that is being studied today by a subcommittee of the Manpower commission, com-mission, by the labor department, by department of agriculture experts. ex-perts. " It will be considered seriously before be-fore election day. It will not be acted act-ed upon by then, not merely because It Is too hot a political potato but because it is Just too complicated to be worked out satisfactorily before be-fore that time. That is the analysis given to me by an old-timer in the government who is to a position to know. I naturally asked him why such a manpower plan bad not been worked out before. He was very frank. He said there were two reasons. First, when any human being who understands its implications looks at this question he gets such a headache head-ache that he simply has to lean back and think it over again. Second, and seriously, the question ques-tion of manpower in the present war presents a problem that no human being has ever had to meet before to the terms that it has to be met cow. Britain has been able to deal with it to a measure under the pressure and the easily recognized MilniiRncl nf fa 11 in IT Knmrm A nn. man who had spent much time In England said to me: "It's easier to regulate farmers when there are shell craters in their fields." How has Germany, the super-efficient super-efficient nation, met it? Only with slave labor, dragooned from conquered con-quered countries. BRIEFS "Mathematics Erthusiasm Smith" Is the name recorded by a registrant at Birmingham. Ala. - At least 25 merchant vessels have been saved from being torpedoed by Axis submarines along the Atlantic coast by the appearance over the water of Civil Air patrol planes. Dean Land is, director of the Office of Civilian Defense, declared. v 4 But we have to meet it And we will. Before the year is out manpower man-power for civilian service will be drafted, as manpower for military service is. What, the farmer asks, is to be done in the interim? The Voluntary Method First, the voluntary method, the way the British began. There are a number of things to consider. Sec retary Wickard says that the greatest great-est reservoir of farm managerial and labor power lies in the people already with farm experience, who are not farming efficiently. There are two million farm families fami-lies (he says) working land which won't produce enough to keep them decently, much less help the food for freedom program. Wickard says we have the money and the machinery ma-chinery to move them. The Farm Security administration has been doing do-ing it to some degree. They can do more. I know that about 125 men from Kentucky recently were sent to New York state to pick apples. ap-ples. The government paid their way. Another factor is women more women are coming into the field. The old tradition that women shouldn't work to the fields Is breaking break-ing down. One farmer said to me: "A lot of women can run tractors. I'd rather have a woman who knows how to run my tractor than a man I don't know. These women are careful and they are just bus tin' themselves to make good." Secretary Wickard hates drafted labor and any farmer knows why. As one farmer put it: "I don't want a man on my farm who doesn't want to work on a farm. He'll break Op more than he's worlh." ! Potential Farm Labor But the secretary says that there Is another reservoir of potential farm labor made up of men and boys with farm experience who are doing non-essential work now. Now why, the farmer asks, haven't the smart people in the government gov-ernment foreseen all this and prepared pre-pared for it? Why did they ask us to raise all these tomatoes when they ought to have known that we couldn't get the help to pick them? Well, nobody in America has had the experience of total war. We have as big an army now as we had at the time of the Armistice. The army Is way ahead of the schedule we thought they could make. And it takes a lot more men in industry and on the farm to run an army, a modern army, than it did an army that size to 1918. We never believed that this country coun-try could house and equip an army as fast as the job has been done. The calls of the draft were heavier and more rapid than any expert ex pected. But don't blame the Selec tlve Service system for robbing the labor market. They did what the doctor ordered. Some of the others didn't fall to line. War Man Power I talked with a member of General Gen-eral Hershey's staff. I can't quote him officially but this Is what he said to me privately and what he would say to you: "Listen to these figures: In some of the middle western states for every one man who has been drafted, 11 have gone into industry or enlisted in the army, navy or marines. The figures over the country as a whole show that out of every hundred men who have left the farm only IS were taken by the local draft boards. In the dairy industry to California, It was shown 37 per cent left their jobs to take higher paid ones in the same Indus try and 39 per cent went Into other industries or enlisted." That is a cross-section of the man power problem. America has vol unteered nobly. But alas, volui tary service is not the wisest to war time. We have one goal; we must reach that with balanced action. To obtain that a most careful and complicated com-plicated plan must be worked out It hasn't been worked out yet because be-cause there is no man to Washington Washing-ton from the highest to the lowest who can do it alone. It takes a lot of study, and then unified action. That is coming. And It will come slowly, as they told me when I was a boy, like sucking sugar through a rag. by Baukhage Leon Henderson, OPA administrator, administra-tor, is investigating charges that certain manufacturers of scarce commodities have been alloting the big stores as much merchandise as they want, while the small stores are given less than they need or nothing at all. Often, it seems, small retailers are being forced by the manufacturers to buy goods they don't want or can't sclL WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS 1943 Record Breaking Tax Measure Clears Final Congressional Hurdle; United Nations Hunt Subs Off Africa; U. S. Objective: a 'Young Man's Army' Released by Wetern Newspaper Union. V I . Left: William Jeffers, rubber administrator, visiting a synthetic rubber rub-ber plant in Akron, Ohio. Jeffers appears to be taking a bite of the coagulated rubber, sinking his teeth Into an extremely complex problem. Center: Wendell L. Willkle as he entered the White House to report to President Roosevelt the results of a 31,000-mile aerial trip of 17 countries. Willkle Is emphatic In favoring a second front. Right: Secretary of War Henry L. Stlmson as he testified before the house military affairs committee com-mittee In connection with the lowering of the draft age from 20 to 18. TAXES: Set a Record Everybody agreed that it was coming but when the record breaking break-ing 1943 tax bill cleared the final congressional hurdle the public hesitated hesi-tated Jor a moment to look it over and then pushed on with their Jobs in the nation's war effort. Analyzing Analyz-ing the provisions of the bill as agreed upon by senate . and house conferees in speedy action this Is what the public learned: The treasury estimated that fed- ral revenues would be increased by just under seven billion dollars $6,881,830,000, to be exact Normal income tax rates were stepped up from 4 to 6 per cent Surtaxes which formerly ranged from 6 to 77 per cent have now been set at from 13 to 82 per cent A new tax called the "Victory tax was imposed on all income larger than $624 per year. (This meant a gross tax on all wages over $12 a week, although a portion of the tax will be rebatable at the end of the war, the amount of rebate would vary.) Personal income tax exemptions were reduced from $1,500 to $1,200 for married persons and from $750 to $500 for single persons. Credit for dependents at the same time was reduced from $400 to $350. There are many other provisions to the bill but these were the ones which John Q. Citizen was going to feel most directly. He would notice, too, however, that there were increased excise taxes on such items as liquor, beer, wine, cigarettes, cigars, ci-gars, lubricating oil, slot machines, photographic apparatus, train, bus, and plane fares. He would also notice no-tice increased corporation taxes but to the average citizen these would hurt less, for they would be indirect taxes,. Financial experts reasoned that direct taxes would not be raised any higher even though the U. S. war needs become more urgent Other means of increasing the government Income would have to be found. Many plans, Including compulsory savings, have already, been given careful study by the treasury department de-partment PROMPT ACTION: On 18-19 Draft Bill Prompt senate and house action keynoted legislative moves to draft 18 and 19-year-old men, thus adding add-ing approximately 1,500,000 "teenage "teen-age youths to the ever-growing army, which is expected to reach 7,500,000 by the end of 1943. Principal difference In the house and senate bill evolved around the "draft priority" system. This system, sys-tem, approved by the house and rejected by the senate committee, would prohibit the induction of married mar-ried men in any given state until all supplies of single men were ex hausted, and would prevent the in duction of men with children until all childless married men were called. Maj. Gen. Lewis B. Hershey, se lective service director, opposed the measure. He stated that it would upset schedules until December 1, when the 18-19 draft group will be "processed" and ready for induction. induc-tion. Senator Taft took the lead in the drive for the system. He long has been an advocate of national uniformity to draft quotas. A second difference to the hills in volved the deferment of youths to complete educational courses. The senate bill provided special deferments defer-ments for high school students called during the second half of the current school tear. Th hnnea kill extended the deferment clause to j lunches us wen. I The two measures agreed in mat. i ing liable for the draft men formerly deferred in class 4-F because of convictions con-victions for "dry law" violations during the prohibition era. Spnatn,. Barkley expressed the belief that priority should be studied later. h 'OTP f V-J ; I t ? TV PACIFIC: Showdown There was a new name in the dispatches dis-patches and official communiques reporting the results of the showdown show-down battle for control of the Solomon Solo-mon islands and ultimate supremacy suprema-cy In the whole South Pacific battle bat-tle zone. The name was Buin a strong Japanese base in the northern north-ern Solomons. It was here that the United Nations learned the Jap had concentrated a good share of his striking power. Buin is located on the, southern end of an Island (Bougainville) and is less than two hours away from Guadalcanal by bomber and only one day's run for Jap ships. Yet to reach this point, U. S. planes based at Port Moresby, New Guinea had to fly over 700 miles of mountains moun-tains and then over miles of Jap-controlled Jap-controlled sea. This was the same problem that U. S. land-based planes at Fort Moresby and on the Australian Austra-lian mainland had to face in helping the marines, army and navy units at Guadalcanal. Early in the final struggle for both points Buin and Guadalcanal U. S. scout planes determined how much strength the Jap had actually gathered gath-ered at Buin. They learned there were large numbers of cruisers, destroyers, de-stroyers, transports, seaplane tenders, tend-ers, cargo vessels and a swarm of flying boats. This meant that the Jap really wanted to recapture his lost positions around Guadalcanal. This came as no surprise to the U. S. forces for even last August when the first marine detachments dislodged the Japs from that area, military experts predicted that thev would be back and would fight hard to regain their losses. And as the "battle for Guadalcanal and the Solomons Sol-omons reached its climax both the Japs and-the Allies admitted the truth of such prediction. The result re-sult spoke for themselves. Northern Front . One the opposite (northern) end of the Pacific front U. S. army bombers bomb-ers continued their . almost daily raids on Kiska, last Jap stronghold in the Aleutians. ' These raids were important because earlier reports Indicated that the Japs had reinforced rein-forced their garrison there and had also been building new installations at Gertrude Cove on the south side of the island. It was believed that when the Japs were chased out of Attu and Agattu, two other Aleutian bases, they took many of their supplies sup-plies with them, preparing for a last ditch stand at Kiska. NEW BASE: For Fighting SuBs That a good number of the Nazi U-boats had been shifted from the U. S. Atlantic coastal area to the Africa sea lanes was indicated hv the announcement that U. S. troops I had arrived i ths Mom-ft n,M; - ! ... w At-UUUW VI I Liberia and RAF planes were using that country as a base for hunting ; Nazi submarines. ; Only 750 miles from Dakar tm. ' portant bae in French West Africa, J ana just across the Atlantic from the "bulge of Brazil." Liberia could serve as a vital point in protection of any threatened raid there by Axis forces. The fact that U. S, troops and the RAF were dispatched to Africa added add-ed to the growing speculation that Africa was-looming large as a theater the-ater of war. FRENCH WORKERS: 7ire(f by Gestapo? The day of judgment drew closer to Pierre Lava!, chief of the Vichy government, when he acceded to a - aemanu tor an Increased mm ber of French specialists to work to German war plants. In a brutal move to meet Hitler's demands, the Vichy government was reported to have naturalized 500 agents of the Gestapo to help round up unwilling workers in unoccupied France. RUSSIA: Desperate Nazis Hitler seemed to have forgotten his pre-winter policy of consolidation consolida-tion and defense as he continued his smashing drive along the banks of the Volga. Battling desperately to achieve its goal before winter, the Nazi war machine threw everything ev-erything possible into the battle for Stalingrad and into the Mozdok area of the Caucasus. . The Soviet army announced tnat 6,000 German troops ' had been killed in one day's action on the Stalingrad front. "Our troops repelled re-pelled furious attacks by enemy infantry in-fantry and tanks," the Red communique com-munique said. Battles of local significance were reported northwest of Stalingrad, where a Soviet relief army was moving toward the city. Fighting was restricted largely to reconnaissance reconnais-sance operations, the communique said. ... Major battles also continued to the Black sea area southeast of Novorossisk, where the enemy broke through to a highway. Soviet troops put up a stubborn resistance, counterattacking at several points. FARM WAGES: Wickard Gets Control Acting upon an order from James F. Byrnes, director of the Office of Economic Stabilization, the agricultural agricul-tural department has assumed full jurisdiction for stabilization of farm wages. Secretary of Agriculture Wickard was directed to establish machinery to handle the problem. Officials were reported to be considering con-sidering a plan under which government govern-ment subsidies would be payed ' to farm operators in order that they might Increase farm laborers' wages. Meanwhile, the house committee on agriculture issued a report warning warn-ing that a serious shortage of farm labor may result in a shortage of many necessities within 12 months. The report, released by Chairman-P, Fulmer of South Carolina, said that "Before long, a few million hungry stomachs are going to awaken the people and the programmers to a better understanding and appreciation apprecia-tion of those who till the soil." EXPECT NAZI BOMBS: Churchill Tells People The British people have been warned by Prime Minister Winston Churchill that Nazi air action against their homes this winter "may be heavy and menacing enough to call for everything that civil defense can produce to defeat it." His warning was considered pessimisticthough pessi-misticthough true when compared with his statement of early October that the Germans possibly would at tempt "a very small return" In retaliation for smashing RAF raids over the reich. Because of successful daylight raids over the continent by British and American bombing planes, Nazi Reichsmarshal Goering has regrouped re-grouped the German air force. British Brit-ish officials pointed out that such regrouping might also increase the effectiveness of the Nazi air force over England. Smashed "I have never seen one man take such a beating." That is what a comrade said of Marine Private Eugene Moore, one of a tank crew attacked by a horde of Japs on uavuxu island ra the Solomons. After a hand grenade had been thrown down the tank turret where It exploded, Moore attempted to escape. es-cape. The howling Japs kicked him, knifed him, bounced him against the tank. Left for dead, the marines picked him up. Navy doctors saved his life. MISCELLANY: RAIDS: Cologne remained a broken bro-ken city as hundreds of Royal Air force four-motored planes bombed the Rhinelaad capital with two-ton "block busters" for the first time since May 30, when 1,130 British planes blasted huge sections of the city. STATUS QUO: President Roosevelt Roose-velt has announced that no change is contemplated in the governorship of Puerto Rico, now held by Rexford G. TuewelL Tntm.!!'. 1 been asked by the American Federation Fed-eration of Labor. CASUALTIES: From Tokyo broadcasts broad-casts came word of death to action of a Japanese vice admiral, two rear admirals and two major generals. The deaths were revealed at the annual an-nual fall festival at the Yasukuni shrine. ... Ti 8 ' "A ft A ft f'x I- in m Freedom: The Wireless: March of Time's dramatization of the four fliers who bombed a Jap airport with "borrowed "bor-rowed bombs, a stolen transport and a bottle of scotch" was three times as exciting as It appeared here. Deft scripting, gentlemen, paced swiftly and loaded with zing . . . Arthur Hughes' trouping in "Just Plain Bill" via NBC is one reason that program starts its 11th year this week , . . Add Puzzles: Why Helen Hayes hasn't a sponsor. Each time the star guests for someone she perfumes your receiving set with her rare talent , . . Kay Ky-ser's Ky-ser's gripe is echoed here, too: "Why such snappy slogans as 'Slap the Jap'?" . . . Then there's the headline writers who call them "Nips"!! I One of the local drama critics referred re-ferred to a certain ham as a "bum actor." The critic received a sharp note from the victim ! demanding an apology. The critic replied: "I am pleased to explain and apologize for our proofreader. Believing I had omitted the word 'actor' he inserted in-serted it A grevious error, which I assure you won't fiappen again!" There have been some complaints about the number of de luxe bur-lesk bur-lesk shows playing around Broadway, Broad-way, but John Mason Brown doesn't think it Is a matter for calling in the police. "Dullness in the theater," he quipped, "is the perfect censor." The gin-rummy craze has reached all the way down to the Bowery, where two bums found a deck of cards in the gutter. They started playing gin for $1 a point imaginary imagi-nary dough, of course. After an hour the bum who owed 38,000 imaginary imag-inary dollars said he was quitting. "Oh, come on, let's play some more," he was coaxed. "No," was the stiff retort "that's as far as I want to go." Notes of an Innocent Bystander: , They are telling the silly, about the tough hombre who went into a saloon in Wyoming with a mountain moun-tain lion on a leash. After the stranger drank some whisky he crushed the glass into dust and demanded de-manded a bigger one. Suddenly a rattlesnake started to crawl out of the fellow's vest and he pushed it back, saying: "Don't you come out of there until I send for you, you hear?" "Where you from?" asked the bartender. "Alaska, where they're too tough," was the reply. "They ran me and two other swishes outta there last week." A reader forwards the late Arthur Brisbane's thesis: "How to Be a Better Reporter." In it is this counsel: coun-sel: "Learn to edit your copy. Strike out most of your adjectives, remembering remem-bering the Frenchman's remark: The adjective is the enemy of the noun.' Strike out very' always!" Very, very good. Quentin Reynolds says some American troops in England go to extremes to impress the girls. One lass urged Reynolds to give her a good report with one soldier's father. fa-ther. "Tell him I'm a nice girL' please?" she asked. "He owns the biggest orange groves in America!" "In what city?" asked Reynolds. "Utica," was the reply. Sad is the life of a gal who has wed A guy with desire to write in his head; 'Readin or workin' or standin' or sittin', The gal has to hear the stuff the guy's written. She is the dog that first samples his stuff The life that she leads is what I call tough! F. B. MANN'S WIFE. The Magic Lanterns: There isn't much among the film entries. "Panama "Pan-ama Hattie" is the best of the newcomers, new-comers, but inferior to the stage version. ver-sion. The film is refined, minus the blue tinge. Ann Sothern and Red Skelton caper through the quips and melodies, some of Cole Porter's score lingering . . . "Manila Calling," Call-ing," another war fable, is full of ack-ack 'and bombs. It's hard to tell a story with so much noise going go-ing on, so they do not worry much about the yarn. Lloyd Nolan heads the fighters and Carole Landis drops to to give the battle some oomph . . . "Counter Espionage" is more war. . Typewriter Ribbons: Anon: You can never get ahead of anyone as long as you are trying to get even with him -. . . This Week: Diplomacy Diplo-macy the art of letting someone else have your way . . . T. Riggs: She was oblivious to the attention she created as she walked down the stares . . . Celia Cole: As relaxed as twilight . . . D. T. Lutes: The sky was so blue you wished you could wear it . . . Martin Lorrin: You never waste time; time wastes you . . . Ernest Bucklet: Her face was smudged with fatigue. EW sus?B T 1 "How does Fred U , Wl '' nurse xet Jack My wife talk itively awful. ""I0" Ed-That's nothing. Min.., to me awfully - -it, General Issue He (entimentallr)Whert ,. 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Pltij ham s compound is vara t Is the SUREDK EXTERMINATOR ALL-OUT VICTOf , Effort on Your hrf I Kill Rati, Mict una CotM and Conserve Health and hm 35cond1.00 AT All DMWi t. ninw Pit I V ctioa tht ry people M biA Shea the ttteW ,eidi and other j You T h"dS rheumatie W kf35, mrttiM W nigh let r". rheumatic P "rrMlM, r gettin? UK "tnit "fita R - - j - fluent HOB Wi.th '?Xr treatment Is St. Bediejaethsth" known. ZXw' taVtiB till IMS W' .rum - . r ! 1 Want to Bn. . -i r Ranch. WiU pa, J A Cnu " JUSTUS w&m r 1 m V mm B-aanta a a Cheerful Beginnnf J Everything beginning b ( fuL Goethe. J 1 1 j v Strenim"-! II ed many ; J fc, . sis? tfen" fi t u .tc.'MJmt |