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Show THE LEIII SUN. LEIII. UTAH Glamorous Skirts Washington "First in Farming," Too Kathleen Norris Says: For Dressing Tabic Hands Off the Men and Women Who Were Your Children (BeU Sjmdlcal-WNU Service.) ELMO SCOTT WATSON .. KxoiMr Union.) ?a VIRG1 A dipped VIRGINIA gentleman Aimed his goose-quill ma r . tttVnnt nnrl .li- - lettpr. Now S then he would glance up Lughtfully, his eyes sweep-fover sweep-fover broad 1 acres fringing tePotomac. Hewas middle-Ld, middle-Ld, of commanding phy- 7flue, with a stern, yexKinmy ique dated Decem- t 12, 1783, said: I "The more I am acquainted 5ith agricultural affairs, the letter I am pleased with jem, in so much that I can ,owhere find so great satis-Iction satis-Iction as in those innocent jpd useful pursuits. Indulg-wa Indulg-wa fepiinps I am led to Uflect how much more de- Vhtful to an undebauched aind is the task of making fcprovements on the earth Jan all the vainglory that a be acquired from ravag-Igit." ravag-Igit." I Thus in the fullness of his Stars and honors did George Washington write to his English Eng-lish friend, Arthur Young. Every American is familiar lith "Light Horse Harry" Lee's iaracterization of Washington as Tirst in War, First in Peace, and first in the Hearts of His Couhtry-jen." Couhtry-jen." Few Americans, perhaps, ire aware that Washington laid fust claim to another distinction, le was "First in Farming." Washington was America's first scientific agriculturist. He preached the gospel of soil im-jrovement im-jrovement in season and out; he jade original discoveries in crop station, seed selection and live lock breeding; he carried on im-lortant im-lortant experiments in the use of fertilizers; he pioneered in the se of farm machinery. I Made Farming Pay. The Father of his Country was a shrewd and canny farmer. He Bade agriculture pay. He be-ame be-ame the richest man in the Unit-Jd Unit-Jd States by reason of his success lith the soil. At his death Washington, Wash-ington, by his will, disposed of more than 49,000 acres of farm land, including his beloved Mount Vernon as well as far-flung domains do-mains in Ohio and elsewhere, which were rented or farmed by his deputies. His landed estate las valued at $530,000, while he ad additional buildings, equipment, equip-ment, live stock and other investments invest-ments worth $220,000. His slaves lere not included in this inventory, inven-tory, for he freed them all in his fill. 1 Washington's serious farming sreer began in 1759, at the age 1 27- He had inherited Mount ernon, married the charming iartha Custis and received a ndsome dowry fa lands and battels. For the 18 years he as to devote himself to the land, farmer Washington had plenty contend with, however. The M he inherited was worn out century of tobacco growing. tration on this single crop ar after year, with no rotation a no attempt at fertilization, fend Poverished the S Unllke the farmer of today I can get advice from his coun-l coun-l gent, state agricultural col- etw ,experiirent Nation on ' ether his sod is deficient in t gZ' pbo5phoric acid pot- ffi2efinteds commercial fer- t!tWashmSton had to depend iShTVS' neighborsPan3 Kind S. 'CUltUre Pub"shed in feS" editors were un-S un-S "lth roble in Vir- TMei fquently vSS0cfleAnt and editor of the 5 an 1 culture." He col- vfiCal Ubrary of fe?K ttndr? t'Treatment oS'usbani ae farm..'. . . -de." . " ynpiete farmer ne Gentleman Rhen woi.:--. on differ experimental MttaSte L. hi, own ' carSd V01 firra stent. C5 filled :huW" mad f -m th .... ou m tK. - wiL SOU taken tV.e,?t of the field Position: uniform ta wuia f f-acsd j uier nine f a3 fS mud fr8m Planting wh.; 10 thre j, "s wheat, oats C;78 actly the heicjfw A? each ,1 Wanted the rh letter, III" una it i ii WASHINGTON AT MOUNT VERNON, 1787 Mud from the bottom of the Potomac proved good fertilizer. So he built a special scow and hoisted mud. The cost of obtaining obtain-ing it, however, was too great for the results he got. Washington gave increasing attention at-tention to wheat growing as an alternate to tobacco. He tried various, experiments such as steeping his seed in brine and alum to prevent smut. He tried also to protect his grain from the Hessian fly. In 1763 he entered into an agreement agree-ment with John Carlyle and Robert Rob-ert Adams of Alexandria to sell them his wheat crop for the next seven years. The price was to be three shillings and nine pence per bushel or about 91 cents. Considering the difference in purchasing pur-chasing power then and now, Washington was getting the equivalent equiv-alent of at least $1.80 for his grain. In 1769 he delivered 6,241 bushels of wheat. Thereafter he ground most of his wheat and sold the flour. He owned three mills, one in western Pennsylvania, a second on Four Mile Run near Alexandria, and a third on the Mount Vernon estate. The flour graded superfine, fine and middlings. mid-dlings. We have Washington's own word for it that his flour was as good as any produced in Americaand Amer-icaand the Father of his Country Coun-try was no boaster. In a charmingly written monograph mono-graph on "George Washington, Citizen and Farmer," Dr. J, Christian Bay, librarian of the John Crerar library of Chicago, recounts some stories of Washington Wash-ington as a farmer and human being. Describing some of the voluminous notes Washington jotted jot-ted down in his diaries concerning concern-ing his agricultural experiments, Mr. Bay says: "Washington's attention was attracted at-tracted to the old problem of large and small seeds, and he invented a barrel-seeder to S 'a iKL 'if r i .. . . - ppipilliliilllllliillli I T 51 SKI J MOUNT VERNON From a rare aquatint, engraved by Francis Fran-cis Jukes after Alexander Robertson, Robert-son, 1800, in the William L. Clements' Clem-ents' library, Ann Arbor, Mich. spread his seed evenly and effectively. ef-fectively. He compared continuously continu-ously the crops from large and small seeds, and suggested that large potatoes yield better than small ones because, as a rule, produces equal. He Counted Seeds. "It is curious, also, to think of the Father of his Country sitting in his study carefully counting the number of seeds to the pound. Yet he found that a pound of red clover contains 71,000 seeds; a pound of timothy, 278,000 seeds; while meadow grass gave 844,000 to the pound; likewise a pound of barley numbered 8,925 grains." The Revolution halted, for a time, Washington's farm career. For six out of eight long years, as commander-in-chief of the Continental Con-tinental army, he did not even set foot on his beloved fields. Peace in 1733 at last brought him release. He had left Mount Vernon a simple country gentleman. gentle-man. He returned as one of the most famous men in the world. Happy to be home, he threw himself him-self once more into his old occupation. occu-pation. During his army campaigns, cam-paigns, his keen observations of agriculture as practiced in New York, New Jersey and other northern colonies, had broadened his outlook. He was more than - Mtiifac1.- a ever convinced of the desirability of pastures and of live stock for conserving the soiL He was more ' wide-awake to the need of better tools. The run-down condition of his soil, however, was a cause of increasing in-creasing concern. Unfortunately for him fertilisers, as we know them today, were not in existence. exist-ence. As a soil conservation measure, Washington began to experiment with clover and other grasses. He was prompted to do this at the urging of Noah Webster, newspaper news-paper reporter, editor, and famous fa-mous as the compiler of a dictionary. dic-tionary. Webster had expounded his theory that some plants have the power to reach into the air and extract nitrogen fertilizer which their roots fix in the soil. "Nature," said Webster, "has provided an inexhaustible store of manure which is equally accessible acces-sible to the rich and poor and which may be collected and applied ap-plied to land with very little labor and expense. This store is in the atmosphere, and the process by which the fertilizing substance may be obtained is vegetation." Washington tried every kind of legume known to Virginia farmers, farm-ers, and imported many kinds of seeds from England. In this way he introduced timothy to his countrymen. coun-trymen. He early discovered that clover and peas had a soil enriching en-riching power. In an English Journal he read about a new legume alfalfa which had been brought from Switzerland. He found that alfalfa, too, could enrich en-rich the soil, but it never proved profitable for him. Even while serving as President Presi-dent from 1789 to 1797, Washington Washing-ton found some time to keep an eye on his farming operations. He had extensive experiments conducted in grain and live stock breeding. He imported new strains of wheat from South Africa Af-rica and Siberia, neither of which proved as good as his Virginia grain. Rotation of Crops. Washington drew up elaborate plans for rotation of crops on his different farms. Not content with one plan, he often drew up several sev-eral alternatives. He calculated the probable financial return from each, allowing for the cost of seed, tillage and other expenses. ex-penses. He was constantly on the alert for better methods of threshing grain than the age-old practice of treading and flailing. He read in an English farm journal about a threshing machine invented by a man named Winlaw. In 1790 he had observed the operation of Baron Poelnitz's mill near New York city, based on the Winlaw model. This mill was operated by two men and threshed about two bushels of wheat per hour. In 1797, two years before his death, Washington built a thresher, himself, on plans evolved by William Booker, who came to Mount Vernon and directed di-rected the construction. In April, 1798, Washington wrote Booker: "The machine by no means answered an-swered your expectations or mine." At first it threshed about 50 bushels a day, then fell to fewer than 25, and finally broke down completely, although it had used up two belts costing between $40 and $50. "Washington was essentially America's first conservationist," an official of the Middle West Soil Improvement committee pointed out recently. "The Father of his Country realized re-alized that man owes a duty to the future as well as the present welfare of his soil," he said. "Washington's primitive attempts to put back into the soil the fertility fer-tility that had been depleted by constant croppings are testimony of this characteristic." As a public man, Washington was eager to improve the lot of agriculture. In his last message to congress he recommended the establishment of a "Board of Agriculture Ag-riculture to collect and diffuse information, in-formation, and by premiums and small pecuniary aids to encourage and assist a spirit ei discovery and improvement." But nearly a century passed before be-fore anything so important was A hv th federal government UV "rf - te promote the development ef agriculture. ah 1 K I Part of Washington's plan for his sixteen-sided barn. One invention of which Washington Wash-ington was proud was a 16-sided barn which he built on one of his farms in 1793. He estimated that 140,000 bricks would be required for the structure. These were made and fired on the estate. The barn was especially notable for a threshing floor 30 feet square. An ingenious method of separating the grain and straw was provided by interstices of one and one-half inches between the floor boards. Thus when the grain was trodden by horses or beat out with flails, the kernels fell through to the floor below. This floor was to furnish an illustration of what Washington called "the almost impossibility of putting the overseers of this country out of the track they have been accustomed to walk in. "I have one of the most convenient con-venient barns in this or perhaps any other country, where thirty hands may, with great ease, be employed in threshing," he wrote a friend. "Half of the wheat of the farm was actually stowed in this barn in the straw, by my order, or-der, for threshing. Notwithstanding, Notwithstand-ing, when I came home about the middle of September, I found a treading yard not thirty feet from the barn door, the wheat again brought out of the barn and horses treading it out in an open exposure, liable to the vicissitudes of the weather." What Washington said to the overseer on this occasion has not been recorded for posterity. But it is a safe bet that the man remembered re-membered it for the rest of his days. The Father of his Country is often pictured as a man without a sense of humor. Yet in the midst of sober agricultural experiments, exper-iments, he gave the following ad- r The seed house at Mount Vernon. vice on how to keep warm all winter by the aid of a single piece of wood. The story is told by Mr. Bay: "Select a suitable piece of wood, rush upstairs as fast as you can, open a window, throw out the wood. Rush downstairs into the yard and seize the wood again. Rush upstairs once more, throw out the wood a second time. Rush downstairs and get it and continue in this manner un til you are warm. Repeat this process as often as necessary." He concluded this piece of ad vice with the words: "Probatum Est." But it is as a prophetic contrib utor to the knowledge of soil conservation con-servation that he will be best remembered re-membered in his career as a farmer. "It must be obvious to every man who considers the agriculture agricul-ture of this country," Washington wrote in 1796, "and compares the produce of our lands with those of other countries, no ways superior su-perior to them in natural fertility. how miserably defective we are faj the management of them; and that if we do not fall on a better mode of treating them, how ruinous it will prove to the landed interest. "Age will not produce a syste matic change without public attention at-tention and encouragement; but a few years more of sterility will drive the inhabitants of the Atlan tic states westwardly for support; whereas if they were taught how to improve the old instead of go-in go-in e in pursuit of new and produc tive soil, they would make those acres which now scarcely yield them anything, turn out beneficial to themselves and to the community com-munity generally by the influx of wealth resulting therefrom." ;:J;i VMtotifa(tiWi ;AMmiMto I 111! WIIW i gi When h answers tht phone. Mother tay$, "If iVi At Drown boy U-Jl him you can go to tht movie; and if it'i Allan, for pity'i take, don't gush at him." By KATHLEEN NORRIS SOMETIME before this year gets too old It might be a good idea to try to stop living your children's chil-dren's lives for them. Not for the children's sake, primarily, pri-marily, though for that, too. But for your own sake, you young moth-ers moth-ers and older mothers and grandmothers, grand-mothers, It Is worth while to sit down for a few minutes, and seriously seri-ously consider Just what your relationship rela-tionship with the younger generation really is. Begin by remembering what YOU thought of the grown-ups, when you were 18 and 20 and 25. You loved them and were grateful to them for years of kindness and care and you wanted to get them and their timid, old-fashioned Ideas out of the way as rapidly as possible, and begin the glorious business of living your own life. There comes a moment in the life of every girl of 15 or 16 when her mother says something like this to her: "That's the telephone, Joan. And if It's the Brown boy you tell him that you can go to the movie, but you have to come straight home afterward, and if it's Allan for pity's sake don't gush at him as if he were the only boy In the world, and stop chewing that gum!" There comes a time in the life of jjr f every boy of 17 or 19 when his moth-i' moth-i' i&it says something like this to him: ' "I cannot understand what you like about that Tom; he isn't the sort of friend I like you to have at all. He's nice enough, but so ordinary! ordi-nary! Now if you do go out tonight I want you to be back here by 11; you're making far too much fuss about this silly club of yours, anyway, any-way, you'll be off after something else in a few weeks. And be sure to telephone and ask that nice Baker girl to go with you to the dance. Her mother is president of our club and she's really a lovely girl, only shy and quiet" It Makes No Impression. Both son and daughter listen, and say, "Yes, mom," respectfully, and go their ways no more impressed by all the maternal fussing than are the sparrows in the garden bushes. They know, if mother and dad don't, that the rules that form their characters and will guide their conduct con-duct through life are far more fundamental fun-damental than anything that mother can call from the kitchen or dad shout from .upstairs. What they have of self-control, fineness, courage with which to meet life, wisdom in choosing amusements and occupations, occupa-tions, was given them long before they reached their present ages. They are a man and a woman at 16 and 19, and in their secret hearts they are merely annoyed or bored by parental control. The girl who has had a good, gentle, intelligent mother back of her for all her 18 years will keep her heart at home, entertain" there, be proud to have her friends share her own life. The girl whose parents have themselves had small interest in home, have taken no pains to create a harmonious harmoni-ous atmosphere there, have not studied stud-ied her personality and built about her a rampart of friendships and hospitalities, mustn't be surprised if she makes her escape at the first possible minute, and perhaps breaks her heart and wrecks her life in the process. Some mothers carry their passion for management straight on into their children's married lives, as does this Des Moines woman, whose letter lies on my desk this morning. morn-ing. "My only son made an extremely cm wise marriage," she writes. "His wife is handsome, and her family well-to-do, but she is a cold, selfish, hard girl, and the miseries I have suffered for my affectionate, gentle boy only a mother can know! But the real tragedy is their child, Phyl- DANGER KEEP OUT C An attempt to ttop living your children' livet for them u north trying, in the opinion of Kathleen Norrit. C She feelt that far too many par entt Uika too active an interest in tha effairs of the younger feneration. fenera-tion. C Such an interest not only makes tha young people mora dependent but in some case tha effect it equally bad upon tha parent tti em-selves. em-selves. ft Live are mora tuccessful, char' acter it stronger, when children follow fol-low fundamental rule of good behavior be-havior rather than paying itrict attention at-tention to hasty words shouted down the stairs or out the doorway and a youth goes out for it enjoyment. ft Carrying a mother' passion for child management itraight on into their children' married life is a dangerous mistake. ft Living one' own Ufa in one' own way that i one of the most exciting privilege and shining goal of living at all. lis, now seven years old. Bud would have liked other children, I know, but Gladys has made herself a regular regu-lar martyr tor having had one. He still praises her and pets her tor going through that ordeal, for his sake." Seldom Sees Granddaughter. "Little Phyllis has a colored girl for a nurse, and even when she was quite a baby she would be banished by her mother to the nurse's compa-ny; compa-ny; rules were rules and hours were hours, and no matter how much spoiling Bud lavished on bis wife, the baby was not to be spoiled. She is an exquisite child, but I almost never see her. If I offer to take her for a Saturday there is always some other plan, and Gladys thanks me and hangs up the telephone and that's that "Bud's wife spends much too much money, is very extravagant, drags him to parties when he should be sleeping, refuses social connections connec-tions that would be valuable to his business, and altogether does all she can to wreck his life. And I have to stand by and see all my hopes for him disappointed, see him missing other high possibilities that might have been his, all for this woman. No, there is no quarrel between us, but if be ever quotes to her my occasional oc-casional my very rare advice to him, she must know perfectly well what I think of her." I wouldn't quote this letter if It were not typical of many. To this dissatisfied mother and many another an-other I can say only that no one of us, no matter bow clever, can form the slightest idea of what happiness or unhappiness, what hopes or fears compose our children's lives. Bud may be completely happy with his Gladys. Gladys may secretly adore her small child, and only put on the stern indifferent manner to madden Bud's everlastingly fussy mother. Discipline may be the thing that will give little Phyllis a fine unselfish unself-ish character as she grows up. Mother Should Keep Out Only time will bring the answer. But the one thing that loving, fearful, fear-ful, jealous motherhood won't allow is time. Bud belonged entirely to his mother for a few happy years; she is not strong enough nor wise enough to admit that those years are gone. By criticism and interference inter-ference she has lost whatever influence influ-ence she might have had upon Gladys, Glad-ys, and destroyed whatever affection affec-tion might nave grown between them. What she ought to do now is KEEP OUT. Let them alone. And if she really yeams to be a good grand mother to some small girl, let her pick that child from an orphanage and do for her everything she would like to be doing for Phyllis. She'll find this a cure for her heartache. XnSBflSHBSLlkMBS Pattern W39 "PHE glamour of a dressing ta- ble can easily be yours. Clear directions for four different dressing dress-ing table skirts economical yardagesdirections yard-agesdirections for adapting any table are all in this practical pattern. pat-tern. Pattern 6459 contains Instructions In-structions for making four dressing dress-ing tables; materials needed; pattern pat-tern of scallops and rounded edge. To obtain this pattern send 15 cents in coins to The Sewing Circle Cir-cle Household Arts Dept., 259 W. 14th St., New York, N. Y. Please write your name, address ad-dress and pattern number plainly. Wite and Olhtrwlitj Logic Is something you use to prove the other fellow wrong. When fellow say "no man Is per eel" you may ba pretty sura ha hasn't married a widow and heard about her first husband. Nothing succeeds like success. suc-cess. But failure succeeds as often. It takes two to make a bargain- but usually only ona get it, A doctor's pills might enre some ills, but not ill-humor. Give a revue producer an inch, says Marjorie, and he's got costumes for the whole chorus. Largest Open-Air Theater The Roman theater at Vienne, France, is said to be the largest open-air theater in the world. Built some 2,000 years ago, it was unknown to the present generation genera-tion until a railroad wreck dislodged dis-lodged some earth and revealed the upper tier of seats. Archeolo-gists Archeolo-gists excavated and the ancient theater was uncovered. It has now been restored and has a seating capacity of 9,000 spectators. H0SE NERVES? CrmnkyT RtloM?Cn'tlipTT!rflyT Worried due to amnio functional diiordernT Then try Lydi . Fickham'i VegeUbla Compound famoiu or ovr 60 yur la balplnf uch wolc, rundown, Durvoua odwo. Start today Clear Gain Whatever happens beyond expectation ex-pectation should be counted clear gain. Terence. Beware Coughs from common colds That Hang On Creomulsion relieves promptly because be-cause it goes right to the seat or the trouble to loosen germ laden phlegm. Increase secretion and aid nature to soothe and heal raw, tender. Inflamed Inflam-ed bronchial mucous membranes. No matter how many medicines you have tried, tell your druggist to sell you a bottle of Creomulsion with the understanding that you are to like the way it quickly allays the cough or you are to have your money back. CREOMULSION forCoughs, Chest Colds, Bronchitis BUREAU OF STANDARDS A BUSINESS organization which, wants to get the most for the money sets up standards by which to judge what is offered to it just as in Washington the govern ment maintains a Bureau of Standards. You, can have youx own Bureau of Standards, too. I Just consult the adverts- li ing columns of your news- U paper. They safeguard 1 your purchasing power I everv dav of ever? year. I i |