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Show T TIIE LEIII SUN, LEIII, UTAH iuv SOIL OF OLD LOUISIANA? , . nHri:endwhIch has be-f be-f iiana folklore Isn't sff,fa othe natives who live a Ha bayou. In this plo "C country, about n south of New Orleans. 1 convinced that Na- eW w.ot sleep In Lea in-d in-d , .,,, Jnhn Paul Jones' J4. A mnnnolls honors an KjSilor. They will reverent-ts" reverent-ts" -i!tnr three crass-cov- fj. es, which, they announce d P !L .over the ashes of 4rar;' of John Paul U of the pirate Lafitte. of course, historical fact i 5 edition was organized to Kapolennfrom St Helena, but the expeumuu til ailed from New Orleans, J! the activity of Ion's ex- SIM was JUSI HUSK" "'"bb- , the fact that, while the show rT rn rnfitte was actually to St, Helena. On the , b, substituted a man closely re-... re-... Knnnieon. and smuggled f -peror off St Helena But y& the SlOOP Was Biuiuai mmiu .i Louisiana on the return trip, died, and Lafitte burled gt Baratarla. . ' ! to Joaes-they Insist that the at admiral Joined uincie s rorces jt bis sea victories, Instead of go-l. go-l. v,,tnn as history tells us, u he died at sea on an expedition C ns buried beside Napoleon. Lh htiried at Annapolis Is Just las other fellow, Identified only by Stj uniform coat. staepucai visi-ssmj visi-ssmj smile, but the Baratarians n whnm claim to be direct fw t-wtann nf Lafitte cross them- rWjuu U devoutly before the graves and Vsp them niga wun nowere every CM! day. Ml r - V VW::-.-. IE :. ,.1 V JBiiiiiiiii - Complexion Curse Mtiheuaa Histunluckvwhen he called afcaa-troided her thereafter. But mom jsafonplT, bteniahed kin. More and root tjKntreaimnj that pimplea and blotches, it m danger eignala of dogged bowels -3W rata ravaging the system. Let NR iwn'iRemedy) afford complete, thorough aatioi and promptly em away beauty-riatponwuB beauty-riatponwuB matter. Pine for aide header, head-er, paMgriitriia3rm Try th e amo XtYJeflir H-uyzac. ' m liar" Quick relief for acid ttiairea- lUlYu too, heartburn. Only 10c STOPPED UP lNOSTRIIS, I Oim th ,uMI. 3 I B Dn-nl . . . f ym4Menlholatuia uu j . . " morning. )top itching 1 1 jrcuia io aoothing Sit in Your at Home "and Shopl HH things you cyou want to 7 m... the f ncc you want to You can finfj hcsc fight ia the f Your news- l1 advertise. CQts make . E?sstodoyour W...and downtown todo your buying aad Cngy. rheBigcesf Real Estate Deal V V 9 T T . mrliston -c- Thofnai iJ&ffersorv The Signing of the Louisiana Purchase Treaty mL m IF. a I - w - . .v-.v.'-i p tTi VTT" vri . -a a ... a i By ELMO SCOTT WATSON NB hundred and thirty years ago. the "biggest real estate deal In history" was closed In the city, of New Orleans. Or-leans. On December 20, 1803, a crowd gathered In the historic Place d' Armes (now known as Jackson square). In the center was a tall flagpole at the top of which flut tered the Tricolor of France. Drawn op along one side of the square was a detachment of United States army troops. Facing them on the other Bide of the flagpole were Spanish troops and a few French officers. A few hours before, Pierre Clement Laussat, French prefect of Louisiana, Gen. James Wilkinson Wilkin-son of the United States army, and William O. C. Claiborne, former governor of Mississippi Territory, Ter-ritory, had met in the famous old Cabildo, which faces on the square. There the credentials of the two Americans were read, as was the authority of the Frenchman to hand over to them official possession of a certain tract of land ; the keys of the city of New Orleans were given to Claiborne and he, dissolving the allegiance of the inhabitants inhabi-tants of New Orleans to France, welcomed them as citizens of the United States. Then the three men stepped out Into the Place d Armes. At a signal the Tricolor of France began to descend and the Stars and Stripes of the United States to ascend. Midway on the flagstaff the two banners met and were saluted. And when the American flag had reached the top of the staff and the French banner ban-ner the bottom, it meant that the Louisiana Territory Ter-ritory had changed hands for the sixth and last time and was henceforth American soil. Thus the fitting climax to this "biggest real estate deal in history" In which Napoleon Bonaparte, Bona-parte, the First Consul of France, had sold to Thomas Jefferson, President of the United States, for $15,000,000 a veritable empire -of 1,171,931 square miles. It doubled the original area of the new Republic and gave to that Republic the land which in the future was to be the following states: Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, the part of Minnesota west of the Mississippi, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, and most of, Oklahoma, Kansas, Montana, Wyoming and a large part of Colorado. ,It extended our boundaries boun-daries from the Canadian border to the Gulf of Mexico and from the Rocky mountains to the Mississippi river, which henceforth was to be ours, freed forever from the menace of a foreign power holding one of our most important gateways gate-ways to the sea New Orleans. Like so many Important events in American history, the Louisiana Purchase had its origins In European politics and intrigue. The Louisiana Louisi-ana Territory had first been claimed for France by the explorer, La Salle, who In 1682 had taken possession of it in the name of Louis XIV. In 1712 the Grand Monarch had "farmed" Louisiana to Antoine Crozat, the greatest merchant monopolist monop-olist of bis day, but Crozat, unable to make use of It, had turned it over five years later to John Law, the Scotch adventurer, whose bursted "Mississippi "Mis-sissippi Bubble" had almost overnight transformed trans-formed him from a hero Id France to the most hated man in that country. So in 1731 the Louisiana Lou-isiana Territory went back to the French crown again and in 17C2 Louis XV had ceded it to Spain. Spanish territory it had remained all the time the English colonies on the Atlantic seaboard were winning their freedom from Great Britain and taking their first faltering steps as a new nation. In the meantime stirring events had been taking place in France. The Bourbons had been dethroned, the horrors of the French Revolution had run their course and a new world figure had risen above the horizon Napoleon Bonaparte, the First Consul of France., Within a year after, he had become virtually the master of Europe, lie had crushed Austria and the states of the Italian peninsula. Peace with England was In sight and six weeks after his victory at Marengo Napoleon sent a demand to Spain to cede Louisiana back to France. The main reason back of that demand was his desire, de-sire, along with his other plans to dominate the world, to rebuild the French commercial power In America and begin upon a policy of colonial expansion. The treaty by which Spain ceded Louisiana back to France in 1802 was kept secret but soon after Thomas Jefferson became President in ISOl he suspected what was going on across the Atlantic. At-lantic. French control of New Orleans and French domination of the Mississippi would have a serious meaning for the United States, especially espe-cially to the settlers of Ohio, Kentucky and Tennessee. Ten-nessee. As early as 1799 they were sending down the river 120,000 pounds of tobacco, 10,000 barrels bar-rels of flour, 22,000 pounds of hemp, 500 barrels bar-rels of cider and as many more of whisky for Shipment abroad. . . So long as the Spanish were In control, this commerce would not be seriously affected for, even though there had been matters of annoyance annoy-ance between American commercial Interests and the Spanish authorities, in general the Ameri- v i-r.v: s 3-- ' M PS cans had not found the restrictions of the Span iard oppressive. But with the arrogant Napoleon holding New Orleans, matters might be very dif ferent indeed. Then Don Juan Ventura Morales, Spanish gov ernor of New Orleans, preparatory to turning the Louisiana Territory over to France, closed the port to the Americans and the western settlers looked upon this as prophetic of what Napoleon's policy of strangling American trade and check ing farther American expansion was to be. What Jefferson thought of it is reflected in the following follow-ing letter to Robert Livingston, American min ister to France: "The cession of Louisiana and the Florldas by Spain to France works most sorely In the United States. . . . There is on the globe one single spot, the possessor of which is our natural and habitual enemy. It Is New Orleans, through which the produce of three-eighths of our terri tory must pass to market, and from its fertility It will ere long yield more than half of our whole produce, and contain more than half of our Inhabitants. In-habitants. . . . Spain might have retained It quietly for years. ... Not so can It ever be In the hands of France . . . Every eye In the United States Is now fixed on the affairs of Louisiana." He then went on to Instruct Livingston and Robert Pinckney, American minister to Spain, to obtain West Florida from Spain and New Orleans from France. Congress was also fully aware of the necessity for action and it backed up Jefrer- ann bv annronriatine on January 2, 1803, the sum of $2,000,000 for the purchase of the desired territory. Jefferson also appointed James Monroe Mon-roe as minister extraordinary to Paris to aid Livingston Liv-ingston In the negotiations. In the meantime, however, events had been taking place in Europe, and also in America, which were destined to make Napoleon play souarely Into Jefferson's hands. Although peace had been declared between France and England in 1802, Napoleon's belligerent attitude toward England was rapidly bringing about a state f mind which meant another war. Then, too, Napoleon's Na-poleon's plan of colonial expansion was going none too welL The rebellion of Toassaint L'Over-ture L'Over-ture In Santo Domingo bad been crushed but at a fearful price and tbia made Napoleon realize the difficulties of carrying out his ambitious project for re-establishing French commercial domination In the New world. With war with Great Britain imminent Na poleon knew that his problem was greatly In creased. He was quick to see that England, mistress mis-tress of the seas, could easily seize and hold Louisiana. Livingston had not had much success suc-cess In his preliminary negotiations for the pur chase of New Orleans with two of Napoleon s ministers. Talleyrand and Marbois. But on Eas ter Sunday, 1S03. the First Consul announced an astonishing decision to his ministers. He would sell not only New Orleans but the whole Louisiana Louisi-ana Territory to the United States I A day or two after thla Monroe arrived in Pvis and Talleyrand told the two American ministers of Napoleon', astonishing proposaL The Louisiana Purchase They could scarcely believe their ears when Talleyrand Tal-leyrand told them of Napoleon's decision. They suspected a trick. But when Talleyrand convinced con-vinced them that the offer was sincere, they were more than willing to begin to talk terms. However, their negotiations dragged on for some time, complicated by the fact that Monroe was 111 and scarcely able to play his part in them. At last they began to reach a basis for agreement, and the two American ministers, unable un-able to communicate with their government before be-fore It should be too late, took upon themselves the great responsibility of accepting Marbois' terms. On April 30, 1803, Marbois, Livingston and Monroe signed the covenants by which the Unit-ed Unit-ed States bound itself to pay directly to France the sum of $11,250,000 and to assume debts owed by France to American citizens, estimated at $3,750,000, making the total of $15,000,000. It Is said that after they had affixed their signatures, signa-tures, Livingston remarked, "We have lived long, but this Is the noblest work of our lives. From this day the United States takes Its rank among the powers of the earth." The curious thing is that they could not realize real-ize that they had bought something of "a pig In a poke" in that the boundaries of the Louisiana Territory were not clearly defined so they had not the slightest notion of the vast extent of the territory which they had acquired for their country. coun-try. Neither could they realize that no other American purchasers of territory would ever acquire ac-quire so much for so little, for they got thla vast domain for less than $15 a square mile. Within a hundred years $15 would not buy a square Inch of some of that land I In other respects It was a strange transaction. Livingston and Monroe had far exceeded their authority In buying Louisiana and, as a matter of fact. Napoleon had no right to sell it without the consent of Spain and his own assembly. Spain immediately made a protest that the sale was Illegal a protest which she did not care to maintain too stoutly, considering the nature of the First Consul. Many Frenchmen were also bitter about the sale. Even in this country there was considerable criticism. Of course, the westerners were de lighted. But the Federalists In the East, recalling recall-ing how Jefferson had denounced Washington and Adams for using powers not expressly delegated dele-gated to the President In the Constitution, were quick to denounce Jefferson for doing the same thing. And the President, assuming responsi-hllitv responsi-hllitv for what his envoys had done and dubious of the legality of the purchase, made the historic admission that he "had stretcnea nis powers until un-til they cracked." But In October congress ratified the covenants and the next month Laussat arrived In New Or leans to assume authority over that cry ana Louisiana Territory, preliminary to turning both over to their new owners. 1 ne Jspamsn nag came down and the French Tricolor took its place, to stay there for only 20 daj-3, then to give way forever to the Stars and Stripes. by Wtr Nippf CJo. j Fifty Famous Frontiersmen By ELMO SCOTT WATSON "Father of the Texas Panhandle" TT 13 difficult to say which of the 1 many feats In the career of Col. Charles Goodnight made him most famous. Is he best remembered as the man who blazed three Important Impor-tant trails in the old Texas cattle driving days? Or as the head of the great J. A. ranch which once comprised more than 1,300.000 acres and had more than 100,000 cattle? Or as the founder of the widely-known widely-known "Goodnight buffalo herd" and the preserver of the last remnants rem-nants of the countless millions that once roamed the plains of the WestT Whichever It Is, his fame as the "Father of the Texas Panhandle," a title which includes In it some elements of all three, seems secure. Goodnight was born in Illinois on March 5, 1S30 Just three days after Texas, where he was to win his future renown, had declared Its Independence frora MexIco. His parents par-ents moved to Texas In 1S45, the year the Lone Star state entered .the Union. During the Civil war Goodnight, the young ranchman, served with the Texas Rangers, fighting Indians, Indi-ans, Mexicans and cattle and horse thieves. At the close of the war the Texas plains swarmed with cattle and the Texans had to find a market for them. Some of the ranchers had already begun to trail their cattle up to Abilene, Kan., for shipment East, .but Goodnight saw a greater opportunity in New Mexico, Mexi-co, Colorado and Wyoming. But between the Panhandle of Texas and these markets was a vast expanse of desert country Inhabited In-habited by fierce Comanches, ready to pounce on white Invaders, kill them and seize their cattle. Undaunted Un-daunted by these dangers. Goodnight, Good-night, with 18 daring cowboys, gath ered up a herd of several thousand cattle and started out Two months later they arrived In Fort Sumner, N. M. with a 600 mile Journey safely behind them. This trail which they blazed Im mediately became known as the Goodnight Trail, and later It was extended through the Raton moun tains Into Colorado and Wyoming. The second of the trails which Goodnight blazed ran from Almo-gordo, Almo-gordo, N. M., to Granada, Colo., and this one soon became famous as the New Goodnight Trail, nis third trail, laid out when he was head of the J. A. ranch, was the Palo Durr Dodge City Trail. 250 miles In length, from his ranch to Dodge City, Kan. . Famous for an Act Not His ufOLONEL CRESAP, the last spring, In cold blood and un provoked, murdered all the relations of Logan, not even sparing my women wom-en and children. There runs not a drop of my blood In the veins of any living creature. ... . Who Is there to mourn for Logan? Not onel" Do you remember It -"The Speech of Logan" In the old McGuffey's reader? Thousands of American schoolboys have recited that matchless match-less oration and thereby perpetuated perpetu-ated a grave Injustice to a brave frontiersman. For Capt. Michael Cresap was not the leader of the party of whites who massacred the family of Logan, the Mingo chief. Born In 1742, the son of CoL Thomas Cresap, a well-known Maryland pioneer, young Michael early set np as a trader. But he did not come Into prominence until un-til the year 1773 when he went across the Ohio, became a "squat ter' on tanas owned by no less a person than George Washington, and was the subject of several In dignant letters by Washington. In the spring of 1774 It was apparent ap-parent that another Indian war was imminent Dunmore sent word to the frontiersmen along the Ohio to hold themselves In readiness to repeal re-peal an Indian attack. Placing a literal Interpretation on these orders, or-ders, a party led by Cresap am bushed some Shawnees and killed and scalped them. This was the first blood shed by the white, and it Is a blot on the record of Cresap, even though he was Innocent of the murder of Logan's family, an af fair which followed soon afterwards and for which Logan, confusing the two attacks, blamed Cresap. In June, 1774, Cresap was com missioned a captain of frontier militia mi-litia by Lord Dunmore and served with him throughout the campaign. The next year when colonial re sentment against the Mother Country Coun-try at last broke out Into open rebellion, re-bellion, Cresap led a company of Maryland riflemen, with "Liberty or Death!" emblazoned across their hunting shirts, to Join the Conti nental forces of His Excellency, Gen. George Washington, at Cambridge. Cam-bridge. But before he had a chance to distinguish himself, death cut short bis careen lie died In New York city In October, 1775, and was buried In the churchyard of historic Old Trinity. The headstone mark ing his grave has long since disap peared, and bis only memorial Is a famous oration with its unjust accusation of s crime which be did not commit (P. 111. Wntrs Npr Union. Sally Sez Oar hctarle bar handnd, Of to4 Uiinci to Mil, But, product! all knuw, that. They kur thing! as welL PATRONIZE BOMB INDUSTRY May Have Saved His Life In classic Roman days an orator would gather together friends who would listen to a private recital of his speeches before their delivery in courthouse or senate. THIS WEEK'S PRIZE STORY But yaur dul'ara had proper "bona training" f Or they Irara Itr parta unknown, lone befora they hara ltd their ahara at home dutlte and reaponsiDiiitiai T Bend them out Inta the world prematurely and titer amount to what? monetary burnt. Coniidcr the other, wlatr etmrttl Enroll then la the Intoraaauntaln ProlacU School. Note tbelr Immediate denlep-tent denlep-tent I note their daily content, how tier transmit their pawer to other Utile dollara. Tha well trained dollr la a whli ia math. ematica. Immediately It beslnt to multiply multi-ply aa well a add and divide. There'a atill plenty of time for your dollar to fo farther afield after they have beta trad-Beted trad-Beted from Good Of Intoraaountain. And long after graduaUon, it homo training baa been performed wisely, many aid grada wUI leturui for reunion and to fiva ones mors tha collega raile Interawunlaln, IntermoantaJn, I'm for you. Tea grew sa many dollars from such a few Inreat O I preat Ot there you art. Intermountaln, Intermoantain, Alma Ma-a-al EVALTN MteQUIVET, Wendell. Idahe. AT 400 Utah Oil Refining Service Stations in Utah and Idaho First Electric Apparatus The first man-made electric apparatus ap-paratus was invented during tha Sixteenth century by William Gilbert, Gil-bert, physician to Queen Elizabeth of England. ASK TOUR DRUGGIST FOB -.--.-APEX COUGH SYRUP NOSE DROPS AN INTERMOUNTAIN PRODUCT Ahead of Columbus St - Brendan the navigator, an Irishman, is said to have reached the mainland of America centuries before Lief Ericson or Christopher Coiumous. Utah High School of Beauty Culture Ut Be. Mala St., Bait Labs City fit tarty Ciltni Pri fiulM Kns h Bifiritslu Tot) can new learn a prafeatloB that will make yea independent for tha reat of your dart, lit per month only for tha complete eourae of ail months. Phone or writs for our catalogue. Mail ia ceapea. NAME.. ' . ADDRESS Florida Settled la 1559 Florida was settled in 1559, entered en-tered the Union in 1845 and has aa area of 58,666 square miles. DIABETICS! Seattlo maa lads complete relief la eerere caoe with elenpio aatfual method after apt-ciallete apt-ciallete faUed. No Bcadlea. as etarration. All letters antwored. K. B. Boies, tit BayrUw Bide, Seattle. Wa. Tadpole Can Grow New Legs In the stage when the tadpole is growing hind legs, if by chance a leg is nipped off, another will grow in its place, the exact counterpart of the one lost. V Vvy article aa -Why yea akoaM eas Intormaantala made Good," Similar to above. Bend your story ia prose sr oeree to la-termeantaia la-termeantaia Prodacta Celama. P.O. Box liit. Bait Laks City. . If story appears In this celama yoa wUI cerrs check far $3.00 Week No. tlit W.N.U-Blt Laks City "The Man of the Hour" "The man of tha hour" is phrase applied to an outstanding leader whose popularity and power make him the most conspicuous of all leaders. Because popularity and power depend largely on the pleasure of a fickle public which Is "for" today but tomorrow may be "against," the phrase carries with it tha connotation of uncertainty. Fish can hear and identify tones within an octave range, asserts a professor of Munich, who trained fish to "answer a dinner belL |