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Show 'j''"' nip i rni RUN. LEIH. UTAH , , m ' News Review Events the United States Warns Japan It Is Violating the Nine-Power Nine-Power Treaty President Prods Congress on Relief Measures. By EDWARD JAPAN baa been formally notified that In the opinion of tbe American Amer-ican government she Is violating the nine-power treaty by her actions In Manchuria. T b 1 United States does not recognize as legal Japan's occupation occu-pation of the country. coun-try. China and Japan Ja-pan are both warned that Washington Wash-ington will not recognize rec-ognize any agreement agree-ment entered Into by them which violates vio-lates the open-door pact r -n Kellogg 8eCy Stimson antl.war treaty These statements were forwarded In Identical notes to Tokyo and Nanking by Secretary of State Stlmson, who Immediately thereafter there-after called In the diplomatic representatives rep-resentatives of the signatories to the nine-power pact and told them what be hod done. It was expected that Great Britain and some of the other powers would follow the American example. Mr. Stlmson declined to say what could or would be done if Japan persists in violations viola-tions of the treaty. The nine-power pact calls for no other action than "full and frank communication between be-tween the contracting powers concerned" con-cerned" In case of an emergency. The Kellogg treaty calls for no military or diplomatic steps. The Japanese forces tn Manchuria mo ed on southward from Chin-chow Chin-chow and occupied Shanhalkwan,-the Shanhalkwan,-the gateway to China, situated where the Great Wall reaches the coast. Their garrison in Tientsin was heavily Increased and a "grand review" was held there. Earlier in the week the Washington Wash-ington administration was aroused by an attack made on American Consul Culver B. Chamberlain by Japanese soldiers In Mukden. Formal For-mal protest brought an apology from the Japanese ambassador In Washington but Mr. Stlmson let Mm know that the Incident would not be considered closed until the offenders had been adequately punished. pun-ished. For this affair, as for all Its actions in Manchuria, the Japanese government sought to put forward excuses and explanations which In most cases appear to be ready made to fit the circumstances. On Friday a bomb was hurled In Tokyo by a young Corean In an ef-fore ef-fore to assassinate Emperor lliroh-Ito. lliroh-Ito. It exploded near the carriage preceding that occupied by the ruler, and no one was Injured. GREAT disturbance In the French government was caused by the death of Andre Maglnot, minister min-ister of war, and it appeared certain cer-tain there would be changes In the cabinet. Some observers expected Brland would be forced out and that Tardlea would succeed him as foreign minister. Maglnot was responsible re-sponsible for the government's strong military attitude and originated orig-inated the plan for a great chain f fortresses along the eastern border. , WITH President Hoover appealing appeal-ing to congfess for speedy and nonpartisan action on the relief measures he has recommended, the Imocrats began to push forward the first of their party bills of major Importance. Im-portance. This Is a tnrifT bill not designed de-signed to alter existing ex-isting rates but to deprive the Chief Executive of his control over the flexible provisions of the present act. It also calls on the .. President to sum- J W Co,,,,r mon an International conference for the reduction of tariff rates. This measure, which was Introduced Intro-duced by Representative James W. Collier of Mississippi, Democratic chairman of the house ways and means committee, had the approval of tbe congressional Democratic Joint policy committee. It would take away the power now enjoyed by the President to accept or reject, re-ject, as he alone sees fit, the recommendations recom-mendations made by the tariff commission, under the flexible pro-lsio!53 pro-lsio!53 of the Smoot-Hawley act. It would give congress the final right to determine whether or' not the commission's findings Justify a change In rates. Supported by all the Democrats and probably some of the Independent Independ-ent Republicans, this bill. It was admitted, had a good chance to get through both bouses but cot with sufficient margin to pass It over the Presidential veto that might be expected. MR. HOOVER'S plea for quick action oo relief bills was made la a special message. Tbe measure for which he spoke espe of Current World Over W. PICKARD dally Included the bill already passed by the bouse to Increase the capitalization of the federal land bunk system by a sum between be-tween $100,000,000 and $125,000,000; the bill to create a federally financed $500,000,000 "reconstruction "reconstruc-tion finance corporation"; tbe bill to create a borne loan discount system capitalized by the government govern-ment at a minimum of $150,000,-000; $150,000,-000; and a bill to liberalize the rediscount provisions of the federal fed-eral reserve system. The President also nrged a plan to release the assets of closed banks, a revision of the transportation transporta-tion act with a view to strengthening strengthen-ing tbe V8lue of railroad bonds, and revision of the banking laws, tbe belter to protect depositors. Senate and bouse leaders of both parties promised to aid tbe President's Presi-dent's proposals. The senate started start-ed relief affairs In Its own way by passing Senator Capper's resolution authorizing tbe distribution to the needy of 40,000,000 bushels of stabilization sta-bilization wheat held by the farm board, through the administration of the American Red Cross and other organizations. The farm board Is to be credited with the market price of wheat at the time of the transaction. trans-action. John Barton Payne, chairman of the Red Cross, said that that organization or-ganization would gladly undertake the distribution, and later before the house committee on agriculture he not only spoke In favor of this bill, but encouraged the Introduction of a bill to treat farm board cotton In the same fashion, so that cotton goods may be donated to those lacking lack-ing 'clothing. Mr. Payne was explicit ex-plicit on one point, lie wanted the exact duties of the Red Cross as distributing agent definitely set out In the bill. Out of his experience, he said, the Red Cross would be criticized crit-icized In whatever it did and be wished no loopholes left In the bill. COULD William Jennings Bryan have returned to earth nnd been present at the senate chamber the other day he would have been immensely im-mensely gratified, T-wT for the old "10 to U Issue which nearly near-ly carried him into the White House years ago was re- 111 k vlved by Senator 3 Burton K. Wheeler. That Democrat from Montana Introduced In-troduced a bill uro- A r vldlng for the free Sen. Wheeler. on the basis of 10 ounces to 1 of gold. which was exactly what Mr. Bryan sought so long to bring about. "This legislation would do more that alt suggestions heretofore combined com-bined towards reviving, encouraging, encourag-ing, vitalizing and resuscitating business In this country and throughout the world," Wheeler sold. "Contentment, happiness and lucrative lu-crative occupation would be substituted substi-tuted for discontentment, despair, with their Inevitable resultant tragedies trage-dies to follow." SENATOR BORAFI sometimes disregards utterly the wrath of bis colleagues, and he did this when be Introduced three bills designed to effect economies In government expenditures. The first of these measures would reduce the salaries of the federal farm board members from $12,000 to $9,600 a year. It would further place a $15,000 maximum max-imum on any annual salary connected con-nected with the" board, a provision aimed at the counsel who now receives re-ceives $20,000. " The second bill strikes at the dearly beloved twenty cent mileage prerogative of congressional and certain other governmental officers. The third bill cuts the salary of the Vice-President from $15,000 a year to $10,000; and does the same thing for the members of tbe President's Presi-dent's cabinet It also reduces the $10,000 per annum paid to senators and representatives to $3,000. It was stated at the White House that President Hoover did not believe be-lieve this federal salary cut movement move-ment would come close to passage in congress and that If It were seriously se-riously considered he would oppose it His opinion Is that It would result In loss of efficiency and morale and also that It would set a bad example for the country. AH through the depression period the President has urged business and Industry not to reduce wages except ex-cept as a last resort. r EMOCItATS and wets both re-Jolced re-Jolced over the result of the election In New Hampshire to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Representative Fletcher Hale, dry Republican. In a normally Republican Re-publican district William N. Rogers, Rog-ers, former congressman, who la a wet Democrat, was victorious over former Gov. John Bartlett by about 3,000 votes. Rogers chief Issue In the campaign was unemployment and Industrial depression. The Democrats In the bouse now number 220, while the Republicans have 214 and the Farmer-Laborltes one. COMMUNIST activities In the United States have been a specialty of Hamilton Fish, Jr congressman con-gressman from New ?ork, and the recent tragedy la Easton, Pa., when mall clerks were tdlled by a bomb mailed to an Italian, Ital-ian, together with tbe discovery of bombs In the mall in other localities gave him a new opportunity. He Introduced In-troduced In the bouse a resolution calling for a con- Hamilton Fish, gresslonal Inquiry - Jr Into the activities of Fascists and anti-Fascists in this country. The "diabolical bomb conspiracy," con-spiracy," he said, had been charged to both these factions of our Italian Ital-ian residents and be nrged the investigation in-vestigation "for the purpose of put- I ting an end to all such activities which tend to create discord with a friendly nation and have caused enmities, riots and murders among our own people. JOHN J. RASKOB, chairman of the Democratic national committee, com-mittee, fearing a split between the wet and dry wings of the party, backed down a bit from his dripping drip-ping wet attitude. He made public pub-lic a letter be sent to members of the national committee recommending recommend-ing the adoption of a home rule plank by the coming national convention. con-vention. He advocates the submission submis-sion of an amendment to the Eighteenth Eight-eenth amendment which would give control of the liquor traffic to each Individual state. Mr. Raskob also asked that the result of his questionnaire to contributors con-tributors to the last national campaign cam-paign be referred to the convention. conven-tion. More than 25,000 replies to the questionnaires were received and of these 93 per cent favored the resubmission of the Eighteenth amendment to the people. Seventy-nine Seventy-nine per cent were for outright repeal re-peal of prohibition. MAIIATMA GANDni Is In prison pris-on at Poona, many other leaders lead-ers of the Indian Nationalists are under arrest and troops are on their way from England to reinforce those in India ; but It Is evident the British government Is going to have a terribly hnrd time suppressing the revolt of the natives. Viceroy Lord Willingdon put into effect various emergency decrees, outlawing outlaw-ing the All-India Congress party, forbidding contributions to its funds and prohibiting demonstrations and peaceful picketing. From his cell Gandhi Issued an appeal to the Christians of India to support the Independence move ment, to adopt the spinning wheel and home-spun garments and to renounce re-nounce drink. Native women were leading most of the anti-British demonstrations, while the men carried car-ried on the fight against pnyment of taxes and manufactured illicit salt. The boycott of British goods of all kinds 6prend rapidly. Gandhi told his followers that "the boycott Is the weapon that will bring England Eng-land to her knees." CHARLES G. DAWES, ambassador ambassa-dor to Great Britain, on coming com-ing home from London the other day took occasion to deny forcibly forc-ibly the rumor 7"- that he was a pos-r pos-r 1 slD,e candidate for the Republican nomination for President, a sort of last hope of those who do not favor the renomination of Mr. Hoover, General Gen-eral Dawes said he was in Washington solely for the pur-pose pur-pose of consulting with the President C. G. Dawes concerning tbe course to be followed fol-lowed by the American delegation to the coming disarmament conference, confer-ence, of which delegation he Is to be the head. After General Dawes and the other American delegates had breakfast with President Hoover it was announced at the White House that the Tnlted States does not Intend In-tend to play a leading role at the conference. Having cut the American Ameri-can military establishment to the boni In the name of economy; no further cuts along this line should be expected, this administration spokesman said. .It was also point ed out that as the United States now ranked fifteenth among the nations In military power, there was little likelihood that this country coun-try would be asked to make any real cuts. NOT only Chicago but mankind Is much the poorer for the death of Julius Rosenwald, philanthropist philan-thropist and capitalist, who passed away after two years of Illness. He had made great sums of money In merchandising sod devoted most of his fortune to benefactions de signed to encourage thrift and to eradicate racial and religious prejudice. I J I J rjl. ri,. 1 1 1 ! -"OR ,1 i Loadino Manchurlan Flour (Pipered by tk National Oeoraptale Society. Washlnnton. D. (WNU Service) OF THE three principal focal points of the Sino-Japanese disturbance in Manchuria Tsltslhar, Anganchi, and Chln-chowfu Chln-chowfu Tsitslhar Is, perhaps, the most widely known because It has been a stopping place aud press box for world girders In recent years. Tsltslhar is the capital of Hellung Klang, largest of the three provinces prov-inces of Manchuria, and the principal princi-pal city in a vast, only partially-developed area of rich farming and grazing land. Military tctivity is no new sensation to the 35,000 Inhabitants In-habitants of this brown-walled city in its fertile valley of tbe Nonnl river. Tsltslhar was built in 1G92 to overawe marauding tribes of Mongols and Cossacks. Later China sent many bandits Into exlde in Manchuria. The medley med-ley of native population groups In the vicinity of Tsitslhar forced the construction of huge barracks there and the detail of military units to the town so that it has lotig had the aspect of a fortress. Like every other important Manchurlan city Tsitslhar owes its present wealth and activity to railroads. When the Chinese Eastern railway was built as a short cut between Chita and Vladivostok, Tsitsihar was a slovenly settlement of ramshockle buildings back of Its crenelated walls. Builders Build-ers of the Chinese Eastern missed the town by laying the line 13 miles to the south. Later, however, a nayow-gauge spur was built con necting with the Chinese Eastern at Tsltslhar 6tatlon. isusinar came into tne re cent "misunderstanding, however, through a new and extremely busy railroad line, constructed during the last decade northward from Tao- nanfu, through Anganchi, and cross Ing over the Chinese Eastern main line on a bridge at Tsitsihar station, sta-tion, the Junction point of the nar row gauge line. This new line Is Chinese operated and Japanese- owned from Taonnnfu to Anganchi and entirely Chinese owned and op erated from Anganchi to the city of Tsitsihar. The new line- does not end at Tsit sihar but continues in a northeast direction for 70 miles to Taianchen. Eventually It will reach the Siberian Sibe-rian border and will connect with a branch of the Trans-Siberian railway rail-way at Blagoveshchensk. Town With Modern Improvements. Few travelers visited Isolated Tsitsihar before the railroad came. For a time those who did passed by coffins strewn outside the town walls Coffins of natives whose families fam-ilies were unable to pay burial expenses. ex-penses. Inside the walls the travelers trav-elers saw a dingy panorama of dirty shacks lining unpaved and unligbt-ed unligbt-ed streets. Railroads have changed all that Today Tsitsihar Is a busy town, greatly changed and Improved by modern development While It is neither nei-ther as large nor as modernized as the other two Manchurian provincial provin-cial capitals, Mukden and Klrin, Tsitsihar has several wide, paved streets, electric lights, telegraph and telephone services.' Tile-roofed houses, with coats of bright paint and rising where old shacks once stood. Since the new north-south railroad rail-road has been added to the spur from the Chinese Eastern railway, Tsitsihar Is on the way to becoming becom-ing one of the chief industrial centers cen-ters of Manchuria. Mills are grinding grind-ing out meal as fast as soy beans can be brought from Manchurian fields. Its shops and stores throng with customers, and Its railroad yards are scenes of constant movements move-ments of trains. Manchus, Mongols, Koreans, Rus-slins, Rus-slins, Yakuts. Chinese, Japanese aid a few Europeans may be seen on the streets of the city, which Is fast assuming the cosmopolitan air of other Chinese trading towns. During the horse and cattle fairs Mongol cattle traders flock to Tsitsihar, Tsit-sihar, nearly doubling the population. popula-tion. , - Manchurlan horses come mostly from the grass-covered plains" In the vicinity of Tsitsihar. The region Is the native home of the pony which helped to build up the near-world near-world empire of the great Kublal Khan. Shaggy and stubborn, tbe Tsltslhar mount has endurance and I Aboard a Sungarl River Boat Is dependable on long marches over cold, Irregular terrain. Hellung Kiang province leads In the produc tion of barley In Manchuria ; is second sec-ond In soy beans and wheat Of Us 20,500,000 cultivable acres only a third have so far been put Into use. While Tsltslhar is In about the same latitude as Seattle, Wash., It suffers from extremes of heat and cold. In summer the thermometer rises above 05 degrees for days at a time, and In winter It nose-dives to 40 degrees below zero. Nevertheless Never-theless the region around Tsltsinar contains some of the richest soil In the world, and Is capable of a good deal of future development In the Nonnl river Tsitsihar has a stream capable of carrying a considerable con-siderable amount of water trade In Junks and barges during the sum mer months. The little village of AnganchL captured by Japanese forces In the drive on Tsitsihar, possesses an Im portance far out of proportion to its limited DODulatlon because It stands near a kind of "spark gap," supercharged with the economic am bitions and railway Interests of Japan, China and Russia In north western Manchuria. Why Anganchi Is Important. Anganchi Is two miles south of Tsltslhar station. It is the northernmost north-ernmost station on the New CM- nese-orierated, Japanese-built rail way line from Taonanfu. Anganchi was practically unheard of until the new line, pushing up from Taonanfu during the last decade, dec-ade, built Its terminal In the town. In a land which has constructed construct-ed more miles of railway In recent years than any other part of the world, and which, in some places, laid new lines at the rate of a mile a day, It may seem strange that the two-mile gap between Anganchi and Tsitsihar station was not closed for many months. Treaty rights, dating from the close of the Russo-Japanese war, were involved. The Taonanfu-Anganchi Taonanfu-Anganchi railway was built with funds loaned to the Chinese by a syndicate of Japanese banks, who In turn gave the construction contract to the South Manchurian Railway company. When the line reached Anganchi the Chinese Eastern railway, Jointly controlled by Soviet Russia and China, objected to the crossing of its main line by a railroad linked with the South Manchurlan railway (Japanese) Interests. Consequently, Consequent-ly, when the line was finally contln ued to Tsitsihar station, to Tsitsl har Itself and to the city of Taianchen Taian-chen beyond, only Chinese capital was employed. Chinchowfu a Shipping Center. Chlnchowfu Is the chief city on the Manchurlan panhandle that penetrates pen-etrates China on the west coast of the Gulf of Chlhli. It Is the first important Manchurian city beyond Shanhaikwan, where the Great Wall of China comes down to the sea. North and west of Chinchowfu rise the mountains and desert plateau of Inner Mongolia. South of the city stretch the tidal flats of a branch of the Gulf of Chlhli. the Gulf of Llaotung. Anyone pass ing along the narrow coastal plain, therefore, would have to deal with walled Chinchowfu, astride the mid die of It. Chinchowfu Itself is a metropolis of about 80,000 population. Much of Its newest part spreads beyond the ancient walled city, especially northward north-ward In the vicinity of the railroad terminal. As Chinchowfu is also a Junction point for a branch line Into Inner Mongolia Its extensive railroad yards include locomotive sheds, railway division headquarters, headquar-ters, a hospital and storage warehouses. ware-houses. Between the station and the wal'ed ?Ity are big military barracks. bar-racks. The provincial government office Is temporarily located In the University of Communications, north of the tracks. In addition to Its importance as a railway and military center Chinchowfu Chin-chowfu also Is a shipping point for the greater fruit and cotton raising rais-ing region of Manchuria the nearby near-by Liao river valley. Shallow draft boats may ascend a tidal river to its wharves to receive fruit brought by train and carts, but most of its water-borne commerce Is carried on through the new harbor at nulutao with which Chinchowfu Is connected connect-ed by a spur railway line. Intermountain Hews -Briefly Told for Busy Readers HEAVY SNOW FALL. VISITORS ARE JLNY. TEACH THE JOBLESS. POTATOES ARE MOVING. REDUCED SALARY LOOMS. LOGAN, UT. Due to better roads and traffic conditions, trav el In Cache national forest In Utah Increased by more than one hundred per cent In 1931 over 1930, according accord-ing to report compiled by the of ficials. Visitors totalled 258,000 in 1931, while in 1930 only 107,420 traveled through the forest OGDEN, UT. About 25 dele gates assembled at the American Legion chateau recently for the first annual convention of the Sec ond division, comprising Weber and Davis counties. Delegates were present from Ogden, Kaysville and Layton. KAYSVILLE, UT. Special in- structlon for the unemployed will be given In the Weber county educational edu-cational centers. HAILEY, IDA. During the past month SO inches of snow fell on the Sawtooth national forest watershed. This is the heaviest December fall ever recorded. CALDWELL, IDA. Members of the Idaho-Oregon Seed Producers' association will meet here to determine de-termine whether or not they will form a permanent organization. NAMPA, IDA Bonds to the tot al of $9000 were retired by the Nampa highway district this past year, and it is expected that the district will retire $15,000 more of its outstanding bonds by July of this year. IDAHO FALLS, IDA. The past few weeks has witnessed an in crease in movement of Idaho pota toes from cellar to market according accord-ing to the U. S. department of agri culture. . NAMPA, IDA Two hundred lo cal people met at the city hall recently re-cently and formed the Liberty party In Idaho, affiliated wth the national nation-al organization of W. H. Harvey. Fifty-six of those present signed up as party members and elected a chairman and other officials. IDAHO FALLS, IDA. County school trustees have adopted a resolution reso-lution that school teachers' contracts con-tracts for next year will earry salary sal-ary cuts of 15 to 25 per cent Rural Rur-al school sessions will be reduced by one month, all married teachers whose husbands are employed will be discharged and only Idaho women wom-en will be employed. TWIN FALLS, IDA. To main tain high standards, the South Central Cen-tral ' Idaho Holstein Breeders' as sociation in a meeting here reaf firmed a stand condemning the proctice of selling young dairy sires without records , or pedigrees. MONTICELLO, UT. A 40 mile per hour blizzard raged In the high altitudes of San Juan county until the roads of the county were com pletely blocked. JUNCTION, UT. The 1932 budg et adopted by the Piute county commissioners totaled $17,796, and Is $5100 more than the 1931 budget PRICE , UT. Due to the fact that Idaho has dropped Its annual state band contest, Idaho high schools are planning to enter the Price chamber of commerce contest April 14, 15, and 16. VERNAL, UT. Supervisor of the Ashley National forest reports twice the amount of snowfall In the Uintah mountains this year, compared com-pared with last year". MOSCOW, IDA. Cassia county Is a possibility as a phosphate source, according to the bulletin written by Dr. Anderson of the Un iversity of Idaho school of mines. Dr. Anderson wrote up the bulletin after making a survey of some 2000 square miles In the county. EVANSTON, WTO. The Uinta county commisioners set the 1932 county budget at $69,255, as com pared with $72,255 for 1931, a re duction of $2495 dollars. ' BOISE, IDA. Idaho county assessors as-sessors will meet here to determine In great part the rate at which many classes of property will be as sessed for taxation purposes. TWIN FALLS, IDA. There have been fewer arrests and lower re ceipts in fines and costs for law vi olations In the last few months than for any other period in recent years. CASTLE DALE, TJT.-The Em ery county 1932 budget calling for an expenditure of $66,013 has been adopted by the Emery county com mission. This Is $15289 under the 1931 budget LEWISTON, IDA, The North Idaho Horticultural society held Its annual meeting here recently. ST. ANTHONY, IDA. A report from the Targhee national forest supervisor's office here, showed that 219,243 sheep and 10S73 cattle were grazed In the Targhee forest 'during 1931, and that losses were lower than in any other year in tne past decade. TALBOT. IDA, The Oregon S, I, railroad has aPDlied to the pub- slic tttilities commission for permis sion to abandon the nine-mile track i leading from Talbot Junction to (Talbot where the Teton coal nonw lire located. ercoii' Keens ar Mud toJ ti tional forest E s mad, C I forest service 01 new wooaCM 'g in the Kit r. "'" children oK they hurt "?IW the flash. than hTZrZ. tSS thev win k 77' m dwells T.WP fho iinlirem . r he wild dovehaE In "Plwnn. . .TV um." K InTleifOnjJ iUU as well that wmvm wkl.l 11 - "uummu 1'.' not make cashmere as to,, ".j iroiatoig engi, cal discovery from tk Emerson. , Adrertiiementi una ine advertisements in paper are more full of i In respect to what tap -Btate or commmiitj tlaj torial columns are.-n. Beecher In "Proverbs Frl moutn mipit." Two Lonjeiity Kt-I mi 1 mere are several (k, for longevity, but two : true ones are (1) being fi of a 30-page will and c too much property ta the rapidly growing city. Fc Star-Telegram. Saying of RtW If you have recognral have been given a tes mind, then yon are no Ik as instinctive people arej your duty to make w gifts. Walter Bathenai Advice "Yes, she Is the girt of Tnere'3 anotner pj Better wake up." The pedagogue's rale both ways. KEEP IN GOOD t: . . 0 WARD or. Salt Lake City, Utah-"Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery, in my I opinion ana aiso w my husband sopm- h j ion, is by far the - ' " best and most re- " liable general tonic A y tor a deDiwaitu condition of health," said Mrs. I. M. Harvey of la w a this medicin al.. vc ia . , winter and spring wrtM selves in, good nem. general good health we and spells of mdiptios -fW onmmnn ailoeM u people are wojea For fr -'dJ, I Pr. PiercejPq UnlhTM Limer-"! Pt Ma nnpm." btu"" -1 uuo f ,Tt Mnrir rprse. isntu. umuu PAINS) l L!. relieved thi quickway If the sttbtag are crippling y St Jacobs 0.1 ate I This fc""" pain and if Rheamausm, ,. bottle t any drugJ CIllCOlR? Clears N3';, Step cr J PRODUCT X rf ii e . jt a w '.a " ' |