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Show '- . . - li . ' . '," ; . '-j e, - i V".' .., -M " 1 1 - " J " f- it neres yv naran rorn ne is umn h i 1 I l t .. . -I . 4 World Hopes Rest on Projects Like Those' NearChicqgp Br j ALFRED LEECH"" United Pre SUM Corrwpondent 'CHICAGP tUJyAtop a naw covered hill about 20 roller southwest south-west of Chlcaco is a brick build Inc which looks at first glance like , a country school. ; But it houses tnanklnd'a most chtlleng isg scientific .development " Inside' the buHdlng-. two mas slve machines are at work. They make no sound, and some of their products cannot be ' seen - even with a microscope, but soma day they -may , change, the, face: of the .'They already, have "changed -the face of Hiroshima and. Nagsaki.? .- The machines are -atomic piles. Housed ' in the unimposlng . build in . with - them.- -, are ' mankind's fears of devastation and hopes for a world beyond the j philosopher's most ambitious dreams. Used in Research A few years ago these atomic piles were at work to build a bomb. Today they are being used in research which may lead to a cure for cancer, arid -to an age of atomic power, A little more than two years ago I learned;, first-hand, of the atom's rury,kwhen r wauceo through the torn streets of Naea- aakt The USS Wichita, aboard which I was a communications officer, had; led the first. American Ameri-can Vtask group to - the stricken city; and I was among the first to view: the ' destruction. And I was among the first group of newsmen ever to be -shown. , the chainreactlng piles, which are the source of the bomb-The bomb-The silent bulk of the piles seemed seem-ed ominous to me when I recalled the destructirt" of Nagasaki. -The newsnwn were shown the chain reactors at'the Argonne Na-'ist a control panel'.much'-simpler tlonal. Laboratories during a tour conducted by- the Atomic Energy Commission, whose -.chairman. David .Lilienthal, has instituted a policy .to . tniorm tne :puoiic about atomic power. r; : t-.: Hastily BoUi t ' v t-Vfr . "... . ; ; -- - ' ' " .-.- I II I II I I - I . The road to the If op of 4he hill where the piles are -situated is winding and 'narrow; The govern ment reservation-on which the laboratories sare : situated is only 20 acres ln,area.;-'Tff. r ,-;.,,'-',,.. The red brick byildinr Is 'surrounded 'sur-rounded by shops.'a mess hall and living quarters, reminiscent '.of the type of construction aeen in army camps., The whole- project was thrown up- hastuy.during the war.-. ' '. - .'r. Surrounding' If is a wire fence, topped with barbed,; wire. .Uniformed .Uni-formed guards are stationed . at me oniy entrance.- iney ire. aep-uty aep-uty sheriffs ' provided by Cook county, from which the T federal government has leased tne lana. The few visitori must present their credentials. They re given tags and objects similar to foun-tain foun-tain sens which, can be clipped into the, breast pocket Actually, they are ionized .chambers for detecting the presence ot dangerous danger-ous radiation. - ' ' i Thick Concrete Used ' The piles themselves are encased en-cased In thick; concrete, to 'pre vent the radiation, from escaping; One of the plies - is about - one story hiah and has. tlx tides. The other is rectangular and is about twice as large. . - . Inside the smaller . pue - are blocks of uranium, between which flows heavy water, a rare chemi cal, inside the .larger pile are blocks of uranium with blocks of graphite between them. This was the first pue ever, to , produce - a sustained chain reaction It orig inally was - build -under . stags Field ion the University- of Chi- cago campus, and it was moved to its present sitew May, 1844. Each . pile; can . .be ' operated by one man.' although a standby ml ways is presqpt; fThe operator aits SPECIAL PARKERHOUSE ROLLS 22c DOZEN For Your Christmas Breakfast - ' - - RICH FKUTT STOLLEN For the Children - '..' GINGERBREAD BOYS AND A FINE- ASSORTSHCKT ; OF CHRISTMAS COOKIES ' . FRUIT CAKE f per' poalid Se Made with the best of fruits and Nuts ALSO FEATURING -.;: BUTTERFLAKE ROLLS. Made with Creamy Batter. PIES all varieties, large family else. MERRY CHRISTMAS PROVO BAKERY 57 NORTH FIRST EAST . . PHONE 334 Since 190345 Tears of Service and Quality than the visitor mlgbt expect. It is equipped - Vith - buttons,- .dials and -red and .green lights.'-,'-'. Just 'Pushes Buttons-'- h:Yr s To start the, pile, the operator pushes six"; buttons: -i. That, starts electric motors which - pull from the pile long strips of cadmium, a metal -. that 7 canturea" "neutrons. -When the strips' or cohtrpl rods are inserted in the oile. 'no chain reaction Is - possible becaws neu trons emitted by-uranium. 233 are captured in the.strips.-l.i ''i When the. , tods ; are ' removed. green .lights ..opposite '.-the; con trolling buttons flash to: red, and the pile 'begins to. build 'up power. or "neutroa. intensity." ;Wth the aiq ox otner controls tne pperaior can set the pile at whatever-power level he needs for. the experiment, experi-ment, at hand.- m ' -w'- ' Once the power level haf been established, ; the . operator can nttvu uic yuc lu auwuiiiMv.tvir trol. lt 'will operate -itself, main taining a " consistent .. kilowatt power. rating indefinitely ' wi - ; We watched as the .. cadmium control rods -were slld5fr0n? ihe graphite , pile: The onlyi sQund is the, hum of the.' electric motors that move the rods. The. pile itself is silent "when operating. Makeshift Rod -Works; .- The- cadmium - rodsyeally. are thin strips .'ox 'cadmium mounted onsteeU One of : them;was -nailed none xoo neauy to a.ioncwooaen two-by-four; instead - of to . steeL scientists- explained that wt built the pile in a hurry, and "the chunk -of- wood was right at hand,". It works as Well as .the other rods, and: never.' has ' been replaced:, "'.-;.;. The heavy water pile generates heat . equivalent to - the amount put out by. 10 automobile engines no- more. ' The -uranium ' wjthin the piles does -not" "burn up'! and will last indefinitely. - -i , . . - The piles . originally were used to make the 'calculations , neces sary for-the construction of the big Plutonium plant at.Hahford, Wash. They 'are too "small to be used directly in the manufacture ofatoniic-bombs.-'' ? ' Now. .they are' beina4-iked to produce radioactive research ma terlals, for " further .studies, in nuclear Physics, -and ; for asic calculations on; thev problems , Of Duuamgatomic power houses.. & -BDDU" DOM TTIfK, Radioactive materials rare- pro duced simply-by. pUemg::tbe materials ma-terials within vthe pile, ( of by opening a hole In the concrete wall and allowing the materlal to be bombarded by a beam of neutrons neu-trons from within, the -pile; Materials which Itne; jhide ramoacuve very quickly are "In troduced into th Dole? by- a de vice the scientisticail ja 'rabbit," because . it J works ?so,alt;: The "rabbit" is similar to the'pneu- mauc tuoes used in blgrdepart- mnt ntnroa tn . utrtrl - Mil rA smai chance tor the cashier's desk. Materials 'iwWcK musti)e-left. within the pue for? long periods are lowered through an'ooenin in me top or tne pne. Tner are a it - Farmers Unclerstand Marshall Plait0ke1 kCG(UJD-arniVlea cent, of those iwho , ha; heajnj about it do not know wt claimed todays that "almost r 'all farmers .understand the objectlvest,t 71? s of the Marshall plan and; the gen?p '21 leraiwea nenind k." a?, ' They' .N disagreed - emphatically with a poll, published.yafarm magazines which- showed 'that '52 per; cent of the farmers never 'have. heard of the plan -and that Three years have, passed since? terrot'-stricken Suzanne Oliphaht, roung swvlvor' of 'a flymg bomb v" ; blast Jn London, sobbed miserably in the arms, of;"her fscur; air raid warden Florence Kelly, .pictured -at left., Time haa erased the., tragic- feai from-their faces, permitting them to smile happily when. (right); they. were. reunited at the recent wedding of-MiSs Kelly to a former infantryman. ; 'V f ' ' . -j '--J. ;'.' . ' Christmas Tree Prices Come, Down In Eastern State r ' " v NEW'yORK De 20' tf.R) Atshe had to make a; living selling Isold Thursday. laundry union sold i Christmas trees: in, Harlem today, lor each. 'by. buying ; them directly from Vermont farmers dissatisfied with prices offered them by New York wholesalers. . . The-: joint laundry worjeers board set ,up' its stands , in protest pro-test against .the high retail price of trees. If,, said that, it- would buy . the trees .wholesale, transport trans-port them here and ktill sell them for-less than one-half the current retail ' prices. 1 -. . Christmas tree dealers in Poughkeepsle," N. Y., meanwhile, criticized Elliott Roosevelt and hia wife, Faye Emerson, for aell-lnsr aell-lnsr trees :rrOm heir near-hy Val- Ifitf farm for $1 apiece, from to $3 lower:. than that of retail dealers.f .'' - . VRoosevelt : saidhe was ; selling th trees. In protest against .needlessly., .need-lessly., hlah retail prices which would keep' the Christmas tree lout. of '-many homes VThe; spruce 'on Elliott's lot looks prettier man-otner - trees, but' along with .the drop in prices follows a drosi i: in, needles when the trees are taken indoors' Deai- Anotner oeaier, taxi ie aax,. said, "Emotf wife wouldn't be wearing a mink coafr'at' the, lot M trees." Miss Emerson' visited the Roosevelt 'reported that "busi- lot where Booseveit's trees were 'ness Is , booming. FAIR ENOUGH ?NEWALBANY; Ind. ,CJS uoosiers .an4 Kentuckians .who live Itf one' state " but work - in the other, were cheered by .news mat reciprocal income tax agreement agree-ment had ": been reached , by -the two states. Kentuckians may- sret a refund from Indiana far tui P&id : tnere, and , vice versa , for y;-'.:; M v - Edward A. CNeil, presidtntl the American Farm Bureau -Fe eratlon which Is holdina its 2f anntial convention here, said til stand . the minor; detail Jf : C Marshall plan, but almost- all I tnem understand its- objectives,! SCOOP OF THE FOB YOUR MILKSHAKlf sf. OR MALTS ,-5,-vJ -- - stopiAtw v-l TOPPS DRIVE-LNN- , 5th WEST FTXST NOXTn ;! - , .r . mm ii mini n ... FIFTEEN CENTS OCNNirS OUJM BEVERAGE CO. : SALT tAKE, CITY PPOVO, UTAH ' ' Stop Wintdr Here's how to choose the right gasoline to help your car " 'get hot' quicklju Choose on the basis of cold-weather starting and warm-up qualities. Pep 88 gasoline is tops for both these winter "musts" a real champ among premium brands. Don't make that "all gasolines are alike" mistake especially in winter. The. differences dif-ferences between them can mean a lot to your winter driving. PROSPERITY IHTS OKLAHOMA ADA, Okla. U.R) After search Ing through - aU his pockets; a Customer, had to ask a friend to lend him a nickel to. buy, a copy of the Ada Evenlnr News. -Employes' of the newspaper said the man wasn't broke. They couldnt change his $1,000 bill. - You'll find responsive Pep .88 gasoline ready for you at your neighborhood Vico-7 Pep 88 station and dealer.) Ir's.ready.with instant -starts and reliable winter performance. perform-ance. ' - . i v ' - Drive in to any VicthPep 88 Station or t. Dealer for complete winter ear service. Pr M Ethyl tip KM Rigutdr ' Vk: Qtuktr pi. Cmtolint Ptrmdmb MottH Oil ' . 1 r 7 UTArTvi M . to,, . : ST J. brought out again by a grappling device. During tne enure process the operator is protected from the deadly rays bjr a heavy lead container placed over the opening m the pile. Sent to oak Rldre Radioactive. materials for which the scientists have no. further use are placed . In lead containers and shipped to ; the Clinton laboratories labora-tories at Oak Ridse. Tenn.. where there are concrete facilities for storing them until they become harmless: Few people understand what happens within the pile, but there no longer ;is,any' secret about it The fundamentals of the process are as simple to unaersiana as puttins blocks together, or more aptly,, splitting them apart. v When an atom of uranium 235 emits or throws off a neutron, the stray neutron or- "bullet" may hit the nucleus of another uranium 233 atom. When that happens, the bombarded nucleus splits. That is known as fission. - -. 1 The bombarded nucleus in turn throws off three; of : its own" neutrons, neu-trons, which ' in . turn may split other nuclei; thus creating a chain reaction. . . Neutrons Harmless . ' , Neutrons themselves - are not dangerous unless exposure is constant. con-stant. I' held my hand in front 'of neutron- beam coming -from hole, in the concrete wall. It didn't The neutrons, however, . can makfe many' materials radioactive! Such materials . capture the neu trons and; throw "off in turn, gam ma ana Deta rays. wnicn are oan gerous. w . it in. a demonstration ox thia.pne. nomenon: Dr.u William H. -Zinn. noted nuclear physicist and direct tor of the .Argonne 'laboratories, belda thin strip .of "silver in the path"! of a : neutron beam. Within three seconds the silver became radioactive and turned to cad mium. '..- , -r .-. ' . . - Zinn said gold could- be made in the. pile," but it would ' be . mbre expensive than digging It out of the ground.' v S..' Last Minute Xmas ' i K Shopping SUGGESTIONS SLEEPING BAGS : " ' f INYLON TENTS ., WALLfTNT5 BLANKETS f JACKETS . SWEATERS " MEN'S WOOL-'.HOSE , GLOVES (aviator, kid) .... RAIN COATS . ' . : . ,WOOLf SHIRTS PANTS' OVERSHOES', ' ' -1 FOOTBALLS . . BASKET BALLS I . .. 't T GOGGLES VvV -. ' - f AI-UMINUM' COFFEE ' ; v - MAKER . k - ' - i rmy; Navy Storfe! 73 NORTH FIST WEST 7 ITS- 1 -'( f rm., "ill; i " 1 aWwistagasesTtft. ll . 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