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Show Ifn tt i , THE WASATCH WAVE, HEBER CITY, UTAH 3 MANAGEMENT SOIL OF IN ORCHARDS RANGE FOR CHICKENS Modern Wire Fencing. Which Has Meat Appearance, Will Keep All Fowla Out of the Gardens. M i i. J ri i i k 1 i f P P I I fV i t 4 1! Tbe old method of free range need not necessarily be changed. The fowls should not, however, be allowed to run at will within the garden or in and about the farm buildings Nothing is more aggravating or disgusting than to have the nice vegetables or beautiful flowers scratched p, and the doorsteps, the porch, the )barn floor and the farm machines ifouled with poultry droppings Separate the poultry also from tbe other lire stock of the farm. If the fowls are to be kept near the arm buildings, provide ample range Inclosed by modern poultry wire fencing. The latter requires ordinarily tint a few posts, is easily put up and has a very neat appearance when in position. Another way of separating the fowls from the center of farm operations is to place the henhouses at a considerable distance from the farmstead, in a pasture where the fowls trill have absolute range. Tbe latter By Maintaining the Fertility of the Orchard Soil Your Trees Are Due to Bear a Heavy Crop of Fruit- - An Apple Orchard in Bloom Laet Spring plan may entail some extra travel by 4he poultryman and there Is the risk That Yielded This Fall a Wonderful Crop. Care of the Soil Helped in fa some localities of depredations by This Instance. fOxes, hawks or other wild animals KEI.LY ) the legumes In the work of gathering (By W. or by thieves. The young, strong The problem of eecuring the fertil- ultrogen and plant food, and the emfarmer boy may And advantage in ity already la the soil Is a matter ployment of a grass or cover crop the second or "colony plan, while the housewife will probably which we should carefully consider to protect the fruit from the mud plant foods during years when the trees are due prefer the fenced Inclosure near tbe beforewe applytocommercial to produce a large crop of fruit our orchard soils. and manures farmhouse. On soils which contain a reasonable The physical condition of the soil Thirdly,, the farmer is too careless In the way ha disposes of his poultry amount of available plant food and Is very Important, but If we consider products. He Is usually content to which have been brought to a good it alone we will gain Increased crops trade bis eggs at the nearest grocery physical condition, the need of apply- for a few years, but In the end will store when by a little extra effort he ing manures and commercial fertil- exhaust our soil and the crops of could gain a select private trade izers will be reduced to a minimum fruit will become smaller and more which would pay far better. His until the trees have attained a size imperfect until we will be compelled pure-brestock of one breed of fowls and age when their roots occupy to use large amounts of manure or fertilizer. Itls always more profitt house and capacious practically all of the soil. U their How to prepare the soil so that able for us to maintain tbe fertility grassy yards will be a great advertisement for his egg products, and the roots may go deep Into the sub- of the orchard than to skin off the uniform clean appearance of the eggs soil after mineral plant food, and so fruit and then try and- bring It back do their attractive package will prove that tbe surface roots may reach out to a condition where It will produce Into the surface soil until they Inter profitable crops of fruit. To successan additional help in making sales. .Then, too, in disposing of his fowls lock with the roots of adjoining trees fully maintain the physical condition tbe farmer often sells the birds alive is the question for us to consider. of the soil we must supply It with an when by carefully dressing them on First of all, the soli must be well abundance of humus forming material the farm and selling to his customers drained and prepared sufficiently deep and give It good tillage. The biologon orders he could secure far better so that the roots may reach deep ical condition of the soil deals with Into the subsoil. Second, the surface the soil organisms that work for us prices. soli must be cultivated frequently in making the substances of the soil und a rotation of cover crops and into a condition available to nourish PUN FOR SCRATCHING SHED catch crops employed so that a suf- the growing plants. Without them food will be tbe soil would not be In a condition to ficient amount of .Illustration Given of House for the made available to plant a rapd furnish the plants with nitrogen and promote Benefit of 8mall Poultryman Whers and healthy growth rather than forc- the growth of the tree would be Back Yard Is Used. These soil oring the growth of tbe trees by the practically arrested. ( use of manures and fertilizers rich in ganisms require for their best develTo give the small poultryman (tbe nitrogen. opment suitable temperature, air back yard man especially) an Idea of In some instances the soil may be movement and an abundance of moiswhat is meant by using his email deficient in plant, food and the intel- ture, some base for their products to piece of ground for a coop and scratch- ligent use of mineral plant foods will combine with and some toed. ing ehed, the accompanying picture is prove very beneficial to the young When we discuss the chemical conprinted. Tbe picture is taken of a lay- trees. ditions of the sell many orchard owning house used by D. C. R. Hoff at It is when the orchards begin to ers think we are discussing someNeshantic, N. J. bear large crops of fruit that tbe de- thing mysterious, and jump at the Such a design might be used by a mands for plant food must be met If conclusion that the subject Is 'one man whose piece of ground faced the profitable crops of fruit are secured. which they cannot understand. The At this time the roots of the trees first law of chemistry is that we canhave taken possession of practically not make something out of nothing, all of the soil and have utilized tbe and that we are the loser every time larger part of the available plant food, we try to get a crop of fruit from a so that tbe addition of some form of soil which Is deficient in available manure or fertilizer Is essential. plant food. The trees must have The function of the soil in fur food from the soil before they can nishing tbe tree with plant food la an produce fruit Now, after discussing exceedingly complex one, and there these 'three relations, let us discuss are certain well defined laws that the methods best adapted to maintain must be kept In mind for the Im- them separately, and also In their reprovement and maintenance of the lations to each other, so that we fertility of the soil that is occupied may feed our trees a aid fruit In the by the trees. Bone fruit growers ad- most efficient and economical manvocate sod mulch, others depend upon ner possible. clean cultivation and the liberal use Plowing under greeA foliage adds " Plan for a Scratching Shed. of manures and fertilizers, others grow humus and Improves the texture of wouth at the short side. That -. If hie cover crops and use mineral fertilis- the soil, assists in conserving moispiece of chicken ground was 10x18, ers as a means of maintaining the ture and prevents soil washing.' The amount of plant food which Is made side faced north and fertility of their orchard soils. and the If his coop proper was ten , The fact that no two soils require available depends largely upon the fxeouth. feet wide by eight feet deep he would the same line of treatment has carbonic acid produced by the decomhave a 10x10 scratching pen. These caused a confusion of Ideas In tbe position of the vegetable tissue, and figures are of course taken haphaz- management of orchard soils. After the roots and organic matter. Tbus n studying the matter In its various in humus we have a substance that ard, and the idea would have to with the ground. phases, I have arrived at thejconclu-slo- assists in the liberation of mineral as that the best line of management well as of nitrogenous plant food, be' Spread of Contagion. consists of a system of clean cultiva- sides improving the physical condiDrinking water In poultry houses tion, the use of cover and grass crops tion of the soil. All plants will make humus, but Is one cause of the rapid spread of and the use of an incomplete fertilwe employ ilegumes we are enwhole line of when the such izer; An as management roup. contagious diseases, Affected hen when she places her beak to be governed by the growth of the abled to Increase tbe niirogen content in the water to get a drink, contam- trees and the year they are due to of the soil, for these plants have the power of obtaining tbeir nitrogen inates all the water. Then, when bear a heavy crop of fruit In adopting any system of soil from the atmosphere and depositing It healthy bens drink from this water apply they become exposed to what- management for the orchard, it is in the soil in a form available for ever disease the eick hen has. Thus, imperative that we select the one succeeding crops of fruit and wood. when one fowl contracts a contagi- which possesses as many of the good Thus, when legumes are grown to Inous disease It generally Is but a com- points and eliminates in a large de- crease the supply of humus and niIs not necessary to use paratively short time until there Is a gree all of the undesirable ones and trogen, it from least the exhausts the complete fertilizers. Nifertility of the outbreak affection, general soil, and which will need the least trogen is the most expensive element precautions are taken. possible amount of purchased fertiliz- of fertility, and the air is a much and at the same time maintain cheaper source than the fertilizer ers, Houses and Dry Bedding. trees and fruit in a thrifty and works. the ducks and can geese Although stay In many respects cultivation and in the water without danger, they al- healthy condition. When we consider any method for cover crops resemble each other in ways get sick if obliged to sleep on the fertility of orchard their general effect upon the store damp ground or damp bedding maintaining are three classes of rela- of plant food in the soil. It Is made there soils, houee duck the and the Therefore, be given considera- more available by tillage, while covmust that tions should be houee goose dry and well both and also In their er crops and tillage together will action. separately bedded. relations to each other the physical, complish all that tillage possibly can, the chemical and the biological condi- and at the same time improve all tion of the soil. These three relations three of the important conditions, beare so closely connected and so much sides adding large quantities of nidependent upon each other that it is trogen for future use. Cover crops a difficult matter for us to decide will also prevent soil washing and vhere one begins and the other leaves hold the leaves until they may be Have you ever noticed ff, so I will consider (hem together plowed under id show bow it is possible to adopt how a clump of grass will hold leaves Push the pullets along to rapid maa system where all three may be from blowing away? The saving of turity. maintained and improved by the use leaves is nature's method of maintain- The comb is the chicken's health of a limited amount of mineral fertil- Ing fertility for the tree When the trees are making too izers and the use of a indicator. system of legume crops for maintain- heavy a growth of wood it is often Stimulate the hens to eat more by ing the supply of humus and nitrogen, best to use some other crop and and the use of fertilizers to encourage omit the legume for a season or more. feeding a variety of foods. MII-TO- d well-kep- - $ f I k I i 10-fo- con-fdn- n high-price- d un-Je- , d Never allow ducklings to get wet until they have a good coat of feath- ers. 0 0 0 The nearer square you build a poultry bouse, the less the cost of construction. Ducks are pigs for food, and gobble down pretty nearly everything that comes in their way. Peklns do not need water for swimming, but tbey must have plenty of Absolutely clean drinking water The Basement Horficulfuial Philosopher f TREE We used to sit together showed. evenings, she darning socks and me reading the paper, and hardly a word between ua till I went to bank up the fire for the night. Now shell talk by the hour if I bring the conversation around to Lives and Public Speeches, and it makes her happy. Now that By KENNETT HARRIS shes got sixteen volumes of evidence to prove Im a chuckle headed idiot an Improvident spendthrift and a and W. 1911. G. (CoprtilU. by Chapman) selfish skate that wont deny himself FRESH WHEY FOR YOUNG PIGS "The agent blew In this morning to nothing while his wife's sickenin for rubber," the janitor informed his as- a decent hat, shes beginning to apsistant He was disguised in a fur preciate me. Shes a whole lot mors Should Be Fed in Combination With coat with the collar turned up and a affectionate than when she couldnt Grain, Corn and Barley Meal fur cap with the peak pulled down, but lay her finger on a flaw in me. That's Being Preferable. I spotted him by the tl of his nose the way with woia every time. as soon as I laid eyes on him. You (By PROF. Q. C. HUMPHREY, Wiscon1 don't see what in thunsin College of Agriculture.) can't mistake an agent's dobc. I seen der"Anyway, oure around here for For pig feeding whey that is fresh him pushing It Into all the entrances with your hands in your pockets and from the factory or at least only as he come along the street and then mouth open Get busy with that slightly fermented is considered to be take it Into the court, and he was get- your brass work, you flat faced loafer, and worth f as much as skim ting it smutted up around the coal when youve done that, go and fix up milk. about It should be fed In combination bins when I snook up behind him and that radiator in 62, and then come w it,h grain, corn and barley meal becoughed. He thought It was a tenant and report to me in Mikes Place. I'm ing preferable. at first and started to run, but he to do a little agency bnslness, Fed In this combination, expericome back and we bid behind tbe fur- going myself, bJiminy! ments indicate that 1,000 pounds of nace while I made my report. " 'Well, Mr. McCarthy, whey have a feeding value equal to says he, Tve no fault to find on tbe whole, he MUSIC MAKES COW GIVE MILK 100 pounds of corn meal. Ordinary whey has been found 25 to 30 per Theres been complaints made says. about you, of course, he says, but I American Farmer Will Impart Discov- cent more valuable than whey which has been separated to recover the dont think that youre much to clame. ery to HIs European Brethren butter fat. One to two pounds of Just keep em smoothed down, thats Other Oddities Made Public. corn meal, however, added to 100 all. Dont try to bluff em. Smooth em down. Well, I must be going. he It seems there are plenty of ways of pounds of separated whey will comTell says. that gink in 32 that youre making money In this big world if pensate for the fat that has been expecting me around any day and that we only caught one of them at the taken out As it is doubtful If sour or stale whey is fit to feed any aniyoure quite sure I'll fix up things right time and the right place. For instance, a Nebraska farmer mal, pains should be taken as far as satisfactorily. Tell em all the same. "So off he goes and makes his re- has just departed for Europe with the possible to feed whey in sweet condiport to the estate and draws his fine, Idea In mind of teaching the dairymen tion only. It requires more or less whole and elegant salary for the work that Im of Europe that you can get more milk doing, and then drops In on the coal from your cow If you will only play skim milk and the utmost care to dealer and makes a little deal, which soft, dreamy, sentimental music neat raise calves on whey. After calves is a good deal; and I wrastle with the her during milking time. American have been raised to a month or six slate and slag thats in the coal and experts appear to be convinced of the weeks only, ten to fourteen pounds of stand for the kicks that the tenants worth of his discovery and he is plan- fresh sweet whey fed daily with the make about the heat. Its a wonSer ning to make all sorts of money by best of hay and a choice grain mixture will grow calves, but as a general that gazabo doesn't make me collect convincing Europeans. rule not as successfully as skimmed the rents. He sure would If he wasnt Again, in Kansas there is a man milk. cared Id find out a way to hold out who has the honor of being the only on him. freckle farmer. His occupation con"Agents are nessry evils, I sup- sists in transplanting bits of skin from FATTEN SHEEP FOR MARKET pose. Theres all kinds, of course-b- ook one part of the body to the other, and agents. Insurance agents, station grafting fancy designs and images in Cull Animals Can Be Prepared Early agents and road agents, but whether the process. They are claimed to be in Season by Turning Them Into they use an order book or blank leases more permanent than tattooing. Rape Field as Pasture. or Winchester rifles and bad language. The extraction of grease In queer All old and such young ewes as the owner does not desire to keep should be culled out to fatten a short time before the ram Is turned In with the breeding ewes. The cull sheep can be fattened earlier In the season by turning them Into a rape field as pasture, but If you put off too late special food is required. flocks In pure-brethe ewes are often kept until they die of old age, as their lambs are worth more than they are, but in a graded flock it does not pay to keep ewes that do not have sound mouths. An old ewe is likely to prove unsatisfactory. In selecting rams the aim should be to select those that are strong In the points In which the ewes are weak. Silage for Cattle. Nebraska farmers living in a region ihere the land sells for $120 and upward an acre are finding greatly Increased profits from the use of silage in fattening tbeir cattle, one successful farmer having been engaged la feeding 160 tons of silage from twenty four acres of land, putting ali his stock In prime condition. Cattle fed this way are marketed In fine shape, and feed bills are greatly The reports of increased lessened. pi fits are Inspiring other neighbor one-hal- mtiOkt) WHERE APPLES CAMEFR0M Two Varieties of Fruit Found Wild in Europe, but Region Near Sea la Birthplace. Cas-pia- n (By E. P. POWELL,) There are two varieties of apples found wild In Europe, but the region adjacent to the Caspian sea seems to have been the birthplace of the apple as known in the east Charred pieces of apples are found In the heaps o. refuse left by the Lake Dwellers, who occupied portions of Europe before any of the present races. These people lived on platforms laid over piles driven into the water probably to protect themselves from animals, in an era before metal weapons were known. These specimens of applet are generally carbonized by heat, but they show perfectly the internal structure of the fruit. These are five types of native American apples, all of them craba John Smith wrote from Virginia that he had found some new crabapples, but they were small and bitter." New Englanders made the same report The Soulard has the reputation of being the largest and beat of these natives. Sprouts of this variety, like the Matthews, are Improved In rize and quality. Selections might probably be made from western thickets, of even better sorts than are now known. I believe the blood of the wild crab Is in some of our best orchard apples MULCH SMALL FRUIT VINES Prevents Growth of Weeds, Retains Moisture and Adds Humus, One of Most Needed Elements. A successful West Virginia raspberry grower gives the following reasons for mulching: It prevents the growth of weeds It retains moisture In the soil It adds humus, one of the necessary elements. It keeps the fruit clean and prevents mud at picking time. It saves labor and the cost of mulching an acre with forest leaves or straw not exceeding $15. It prevents deep freezing. It makes the fruit more , solid for cultivation and better for shipping purposes. It prevents the banking of the soil by the tramping at picking caused time. -- USED TO SIT TOGETHER EVENINGS, SHE DARNING ME READING THE PAPER. there aint much to choose between em. Thrve all got the same idee to get your money away from you and play both ends against the middle, which la themselves. In a general way. If yon hire an agent, hell hire somebody else to do what you want done and they wont do It unless they d happen to be honest, janitors. The only good piece of work an agent turns out with his own hands Is his expense account "Whats been the curse of Ireland for generations? Agents. If it hadn't been for an agent and a quick finger on the trigger, my old father would have stayed In Connaught, where he wanted to stay, and not broke his heart and the heads of respectably citizens on the New York police force. I don't say that Id have been as well off in some respects, but I wouldnt have had sixty-fivfamilies to humor and keep up to their right temperatures, to say nothing of the responsibility of teaching a square head like you the difference between the vacuum cleaner and the sprinkling hose. To think youd go to work and flood a Wilton stair carpet with city water and then drag up the grass roots outside by electric suction! Whats that? Well, you would have if I hadnt stopped you in time. And dont give me any t back talk. "As for the book agents, theres my Dives and Public Speeches of the of the United States, In sixteen volumes, half morocco, to peak for themselves. Go ask my old woman to show 'em to you and get her to tell you what she thinks of agenta. It's one of the easiest things she does and you'll learn more English than you would at night school more and different. And was I to blame for wanting to improve my mind and qualify myself for tbe highest and best paid positions? Didnt that blasted agent as good as guarantee that them books would land me In tbe United States senate? And am I in the senate? Say, they wouldnt give me the nomination for dog pelter In this district, as long as Ive worked for the party and for all Ive read and remembered about the meteoric career of Charlie Fairbanks. No, Nels, my friend, them books certainly did not make my fortune. If I hadnt claimed my exemptions, they'd have made a high-minde- e financial wrefck of me. Theres one good thing came out of that, t gave the old woman something to kick about Wed been married close on to fifteen years, and In all that time she hadn't had no fault to find with me, and It was hurtln her considerable. Here was I, steady, ing stockmen to do the same thing, lober, hard working, soft spoken, good and many farmers are now raising natured, loving and kind, neat and ortheir own feeders in this way. It is derly, fond of home, sensible and libprobable that in the end the increase eral and fair minded, and she had to in silos will do more than anything Bit away back and keep her mouth else to bring the beef crop up to th shut when the neighbor women was normal standard. holding a knockfest on their husbands. Weil, then I bought them books. Give Cows Attention. She's a changed woman now Give the dairy cow a chance by giv- There's a light in he r eyes and a ing her plenty of feed and good care spring in her step that hadnt been The average farmer has common ccwi there for before I signed that years but better attention given them will contract. It was sure a suragent's bring more money to the owner. prise to me, the gift of eloquence she SOCKS, AND ways has proven a lucrative means of support for, several companies In English towns. In 1912 the town of Bradford, England, cleared between $200,000 and $260,000 from the sell-In- of grease recovered from the citys sewage. In horse tails there appears to be considerable profit, too, judging from the shiploads of them that come in from China. Their price varies from 60 cents to $2 a pound, and the hairs, which are carefully arranged according to the length and color, are used In the making of brushes and haircloths. Keeps Aeros Right Side Up. Moreau, a Frenchman, who through his experiments at Melun asserts that he has discovered the secret of automatic stability for aeroplanes, feas Just received $2,000 from an anonymous patriot, and great excitement has been created In aviation if not In military circles by the Invention. M. Moreau, before he took to aviation was a printers workman, and he has spent all his savings In perfecting his Invention. The novelty In his design, so far as can be judged from what has been made public, consists in a suspended cage that contains tbe seat of the pilot and room for passengers. It is described as a pendulum seat, and tbe way It is attached under the frame at a certain point between the propeller and the horizontal rudders influences the center of gravity, which Is maintained constantly at a fixed point by the movements of the pendulum seat. M. Lobster Twine. A man who had wondered what lobster twine was, found the answer very It is a fine quality, stout simple. twine, an eighth of an inch in diam-etemade of Manila hemp, and originally intended for making the netted part of lobster pots. Lobster twine has come also to be used on board vessels, both sail' and steam; for serving ropes, for whipping ropes, Including even ropes of wire, and for various other purposes for which a Btout, durable twine of this size might prove useful. There is probably more lobster twine used now on vessels than for the purpose for which it was first made. Still Hop:. Mrs. McOinty had waited long and patiently for her husband to come borne on Saturday night with his weeks pay. Finally she decided to take the matter in her own hands, and she sallied forth to the police station to Inquire If he was there. Is my Tim here?" she asked. "No, 'replied the lieutenant; but sit down; were expecting him every minute. Llppincotts. The Usual Way, "Thats just like the deceit of wo- man to make her husband carpet" beat the that deceitful?" "She wanted to throw dust in hla eyes." "How was It has the disadvantage of encouraging mice and establishing a surface root system. However, we have not noticed any serious damage from either of these effects. The cost of growing raspberries by natures method, as I like to call it. Is not very great. Picking Is a nice Job where there Is no mud, no weeds and where the canes have been properly pruned. Dont leave any old canes standing In the field. Prize-Winnin- g Dorset For Instance, ewes that have an open coat and are narrow breasted should be bred to rams that are strong on those points. By this method a very uniform flock can be established In a very few years. It Is a good Idea to turn the ram with the ewes in the BOX APPLES FOR BEST TRADE evening after he has been fed and take him out in the morning before Of Importance In Packing That Stem being fed. A ram should be well fed. la Not Pulled Out Illustration Bran, oats, roots of vegetables, make Shows Packing Method. a good ration, with clover as rough-age- . In packing apples for market great care should be taken not to pull out HORSE IS A POOR REAS0NER the stem. An apple without a stem is not perfect. In packing apples in With the Exception of Sheep He Is boxes, as Is the custom in the fruit growing districts of the west and the Weakest dentally of All Our Domestic Animals. northwest, the disgonal pack is used. The horse Is a very poor reasoner. Mentally It Is the weakest of all our domestic animals except the sheep. Therefore, says a writer In Denver Field and Farm, when once taught a trick or allowed to do a certain act not wanted it is with deep difficulty that the horse can unlearn on account of mental weakness. A horse kicks his master to death when turned upside down with foot in stirrup, because in that position the horse does not know what his master is, and suffers from Imaginary fear. He kicks the shafts of a buggy until his legs are broken because he does not know that the shafts are harmless and that he himself is doing the damage. He runs away In or In the harness because he has not sense enough to know better. We heard a man, and one who claimed to b$ a horseman, say (not long ago that a certain horse had more sense than the average boy. We Baw the same horse shortly afterwards nearly turn a buggy over trying to get away from a piece of paper fluttering across the road. the-sadd- le Hogs Need Sunshine. The face of the box should be nailed on first and all the apples packed with the stem end towards the cover except the last layer which should Popular Pack for Apples. be packed with the stem end up, says the Farm and Home. The Illustration shows the method. In packing the second and following layers, place the apples flat over the pocket In the preceding layer. The stem then drops Into a pocket, avoidlowing punctures and bruises on the er layera The method shown In the methIllustration Is called the numod, the numbers referring to the ber of apples packed in each dimen180 sion of the box. Such a box holds apples. The hog needs sunshine but there is a limit to such a good thing. When Neglected Orchard. orhogs have the chance to choose beGood orchardlsts say that an tween shade and sunshine you can chard neglected for one year, that is, culrely on their good judgment without spraying or pruning and three tivation, puts it back fully Injurious to Pigs. years. Dirt and filth taken into the stomach along with ,feed impair digestion Try a Few Bees. and reduce the gain, also affecting the If your small fruit did not bear this appetite and general health of the year as you hoped, try raising a few pigstands of bees next year. Their value In pollenizatlon is rarely understood. - Care of Swine. Two things which should be avoidTrees In U. S. ed with swine In cold weather are, There are 413 species of trees founi first, do not let them sleep in or upon growing within the limits of heated manure, because they become United States. The curiosity of the warm and then rush into the cold air, whole lot is the black ironwood, o. frequently contracting colds, coughs Florida, which Is 30 per cent beaw of severe pulmonary diseases that are ler than water. Well dried black sometimes fatal; second, bed them fronwood will sink in water almost ss well In dry quarters where there Is no quickly as will a bar of lead. draft of air blowing across them. Bridge Grafting. In lew Musty Oats Not Good. A tree can be bridge grafted Musty oats make dull, lifeless look- than half an hour, acd 1 ta better to ing coats on the horses that eat them. take this time to do U than to let valuable tree die. |