Show BUILDING ROAD ron WD BUILDING CONCRETE CULVERT plan outlined t to 0 do away with con st ruction of forms remedy for undermining instead of going to the trouble and expense of making forms for or the concrete culverts cu cut lverts erts it if the ditc ditch h Is temporary temp orar lly filled falth ith earth and tamped camped thesa these may be made with no forms at all one such culvert was made several withstood time and years ago that has frequent use and Is still without any cracks the illustration show bow w this type of culvert or bridge Is construe constructed acted writes dale IL van norn horn in missouri and ond kanias farmer it if a piece ot of this tills may be land Is to be drained j 1 how culvert Is constructed built first and the ditch dug afterward it if an old ditch Is to be bridged the fill may way be made tor for the time being and later removed the concrete la Is mixed in the right proportions and laid on the rounding surface to the proper thickness and with suitable re enforcing trenches should be dug at either side elde to make a good footing to hold the aulert rigid and to take the weight of loads passing over it many concrete bridges fall to stand the test of high waters if the foot ine inc Is too shallow they undermine remedy for undermining during a flood and either crumble or are made unsafe A simple remedy for this Is to provide a shallow wall running across the upstream side of the opening anda part of the bridge this should extend to the bottom of the side walls and should not be over five or six inches abaye the low water level this checks any tendency toward undermining and prevents debris from wedging in the bridge GOOD ROADS indispensable highway improvement Is a business proposition with farmer and city dweller 4 V when it takes four horses to pull an empty wagon to town and wheat Is going off in price each day when tha the mall mail carrier gives up in despair an and the children cannot get to school tho the farmer cannot help wondering how much this condition Is costing him each day figure as he inny he cannot get away from the fact that good roads are indispensable to agricultural prosperity the city dweller Is alike concerned the farm on a good road has scores of possibilities for the development of 0 its resources to every one open to the farm on a poor road increased expenditures tures greater buying powers in the early days of poverty many a county bonded itself for hundreds ot of thousands of dollars to secure railroads to promote agricultural development three fourths of all the freight the railroads haul must sooner or later move over the public highways and every ton so moved la Is costing at at an average rate of 23 cents per mile verily road improvement Is a business proposition a matter of dollars and cents pennsylvania NOW LEADING keystone state led nation in 1919 in mileage of contracts let for road building pennsylvania led the nation in 1919 in mileage of contracts let tor for road construction according to the state highway department up to january I 1 tho the state awarded contracts for the building of miles of curable highways its nearest competitor was illinois which contracted tor for 70 miles pennsylvanian Pennsyl 1920 10 program calls for the construction of approximately miles of roads the department says that pennsylvania Is far ahead of other states in the organization it has perfected to build durable highways ays BETTER SCHOOL advantages f average of school year Is days in five states having best road systems good roads make it poe possible sible to have better school advantages in the five live states of the union which have the best system of public highways thet the average length of school bear ear lj 1 dabs in the he five fire that havo given the least lit attention to road improvements in prove ments Is lt lum so than holt half ti diat lat t K L |