| Show n h hn n n THE NILE IN N HARNESS S un Egypt Great Dam at hiChi ie 16 to OB Be 1 II n Un P I Fifteen Fi I 1 IV If the It tetra b by I Cat Cal tenter I 1 1 i IK lynx 7 by Freak Frank O R Cir I Iter J I tor ter IrS 11 I lAl Within n mil sill milC milr C of if r th Ih the red nod granite S j i ui d Pillar ant antI i i were h by the III theY I I Ju JURI t below b luw the Ih Is I 1 Iwi Y 1 with IU HM It II alun 11 h in Dip c I In the tho Ib of f Ila IlaI rill h 1 NI NIL I valley ul I PY a i tUe tP IIi L Ige IC e I It f fI t v s this hi I write thiM it h nII fur for I 1 HI It II M readers lender 1 I sin am In th Ili thin in rt i a h d I rl Tim south of ih ha v lt see res ea ell HI IU th Ih the point 1 nh h n i i tin th t MI 1 great wr I river drops down lon over ot th Ih hl I a i I have ha rum here to toI I Ii Id d I i i In hr h duni dune which the I h bust built to tu the th Ih Nile I i rl n by ave Egypt KIft from famine i Hi NILE IN tN ire ll II I look upon a as th I the h nf of Tl n I hut hilt the god lOci of 1907 1110 ha II haaI n aspects aspect For Pr ages OR he h has aI Vf lit and nt III hi hie ow own n 11 II III but bul h he In Is I saw now W l being har harnd nd td 1 will have hw to lu work In III th tb tm Int n likO ikc on ou old plow mule mull In the th thI thelo I lo hen hn hll been feeding his hie hi daughter I t i ur ir r not ant as a he hr poi P ed d He Ile ha h hoe e n ul in hi her h 1 tn too n repletion and anel andi anell l I L i r hum hue Iu held lark bark hi his of ofa aa a mil ltd I mud RuI t u a nAi ea a i rase 11 ih Breen hungry hUIr f e f r time end 1111 1 the th fat ft fatt t a f that da day dar wore were undoubtedly i l 1 1 d I by high hUli Niles Nil such Buch changes ha hah I h hoe 1 i purred In from tram time to 10 limy im tn ice ce the III days day of the sad i IK I a only within the teal t genera I I Ht HI man has hiu attempted attempt to control I It Ih h o i I l and nd by a in of dyne deIn deInI i t I h I back blk the waters wat and let them vt t vi r the farm farms as all a needed With AVIth WithIn t In I tit past pant 20 years yearn something like Ilk t JOO noo has h been silent nent In this the way y yI rd 4 I Ih re are now grew t at t dtp nt rat and mute more m Important lion lun ill ad II away war up here at HOW IB rt WATERED Put But Nil first fI let Mt me m tell you In a nut nutshell shell how Egypt I la watered wat The roun Qun fay 1111 Is I almost WIt and nd the Ute ille gives give hoth wIlh land Ad and people peo le their food and drink dank You Tou have hAVI all 11 hard heard of the Ih won n nr ders r of the Ihl stream at ream It ir Jr It I Is III w with Ith the ni ean nf of the Mississippi s the Ihl longest river of ot the world Ro o long lone that If It U tt UP wen P stretched out oUI In one straight line It cuM reach from the th great reat lakes lake to tie the f Gulf ulf of or o and then turning mi a our cur country C from the Atlantic to toft toto ft to Pacific It rises risea In Lake Victoria to In the he be heart of Central Africa and nd drop a distance greater than the th alti altitude IU bud tude lurt of f the Iho highest of or the th before fre It flows Into the Ih Mediterranean of or Ita It SMI Pa n During the upper part U It Is I known as ae the th White bItt Nile Nil end this should hould be br called call the main mainstream stream Iam of rat the th river At AI Khartum I 1 1180 WO miles mile from the Mediterranean the flue Rlue Nile Mile which rl In the th cornea comes In and about b U Umile UD miles mile further r north the Atbara or w lack Black Nile Nil which also I ii front from Aby loin the main stream From Krom the Ih month of the tho Atbara to the th sea there Is I n not t a branch or team of any an kind connected with the river It plows its It way through the Ih desert valley VAile In which It has h built up Egypt narrowing and anti widening until a few f milt miles below ow rash where It divides Into two great branches and How flow a oft off Into the Mediterranean rana TUB TILE NIL ILio FLOOD The volume of th tt taw NV NI to M MIlI At AL Hood flood time timet here ul rat A n t wi tons ton of water vater tr he by every day The Tb river then rise rl e feet nt it O m M MI feet feel at lit Old a wn 3 10 M MI I I f et ct 1 at vt I the Ibe f r t c Ut M where I now ram o n There In is e much water then that I dam lam could Id hold H It and 81 all of three thew th Kraut jr t l work hav to 0 lie be made so o that U i hi water run can m I h let In and out and 1 I to tn pan ices through at att will willII II I H x ut at t thin that thit the Ih Nile vat val al 1 Krte III Its Ita rJ IJ nf of Abyssinian I I Intuit mil Thi Thle m Ia down in part h by r th Ih Nile but more mo abundantly by 11 th lh All ira r Black Blaek Nile It 1 In Ix I oar car at tied b by th the nuj all 11 over Egypt E pt and an by r of Irrigation canals canal nela end lid by b various pump rum worked by mew men some hv by h and an som me by ety ery fI It u in la conducted to la nearly n every evry fem farm After AMei the flood de the waIf grow clear n The flue Blue Nile Nil and In the Ih Olai Black k Nile Nit ik k become m dr U 1 a mid nd I the tho III white n oe nf tl th Ih main train mainor maini i or III Victor Nile Ri A about at that KI ha hui It U la I s white hIt nt 1111 v that thaI i 1111 In la stored to up by b the tM dam an and l lIt It 1 feeds f the tM country In la much uh the thea Mme way at as a our otla Irritation Irrigation canals canala Jo it with water only a sad MI Hot hat with Ith a thick ml mix mixture Is ture tute of water and aad mud aa a In the three of the tho thoA flood A VAT VAST OF 0 ti roe for of year theae tb river rh hays have MM bier pouring petti down through thu Nile Nil alley allay ae km but tit whenever the raise rain nave have M beep been Scanty In the highland of or and Iti it Central Africa the I main aln stream ha not been high to 10 teach reach the whole hol country The Th moat of th Ut land lands be lit flooded only once onci a year Nr and If it th the I Nile Nil was wa v especially e low 10 some could have hale hll no water r at t all By B the new nf system It I la planned to give hc Egypt water tr all the yr year r mutU and nd to ly I nough to make It II pro produce produce duce two I w or tt I hrs crop rop t every 17 year r rI I hive hi ben been much Interested III in th Irrigation works ork of nt the I Ull The hf what of or the Ih Nile Nil valley above Calm Cairo le III I cut cutup cutup ul up Into a series of basin For 01 MO eM MOor eMor or TOO miles mile mil north of Ihl this point the volley vally elopes very VI gradually dually and In order to tn save the tho th water dikes dike have h been male j IUT IK It and embankment run with lIh the th river turning the whole country Into Inlo o a I aerie of brain like Ilk terraces Bath Earb mar buill ban In contains contain from r 00 to tu 15 acres acre and the dike ar an arouch such ouch h that the W water ha has to flow nn from basin to basin ballin between the Ih Nile II em am embankment m and th thu wall aU of If the thi devert so o 0 that none of M It 1 In Is I lout bat These Thee tare often end and hey Ih are KI an connected that th t the th water flow Ito from our one Io In i the other and flatly Anally pann a 11 out UI of th the lower basin heck back Into the th Nil NI When Whon the Ih flo flOI flank k come the th low put ha halna haIn haIns Ins lna In are filled fill first II and end then tho high higher er r up liP until un ut at a I lout last all have hll become great t ponds pond and I la III one on a Inland ma sea cut up III by the embankment and islands aland upon which the village stand There are ar lG 46 such uch a systems of basins buln In hl I upper Egypt some ome me large and some me mall There are also alao basins n higher up clover closer to Iu the river which ar are tilled flied with or rude rud Irrigation pumps worked urk by bJ b animals animal and anil men When ben I 1 tell you that bat t the th fall of this valley ailey from here bere to 10 Cairo I 1 la only seven en itches to the mile antt you wilt will see how carefully these thee th bails must munt be graduated graduated du ald In order to take advantage of the th flow lIow of the tM river They have to 10 tobe tobe be HO so made that the water Ier can an be drained off oR an as It rapidly NB as It I is II g let on nn The Th mud mini contains contain con lain a great deal of nut and It ta la lust junt aa as bad bed to 10 have ha too t JO much of It 1 a as too little If It the th land I is over the silts lIt dla dl solve from the soil ol 1 and the l lland land limeS becomes become wormy wonny and the crop crops are often otten sown rown too late Isla The red nd water wake er eror or that containing the silt te is t allowed 1 to 10 stand on the land IAn JuM shout 40 O day During thus thin time me It drop a great deal d dor of or sediment and end furnishes enough moisture for tor the th crop rol W IN FLOOD TIMES I Pew llew ew people 1 have ae any allY Idea Id of the Ih work wort the d kJ do In Irrigating and KII taking oar of their term larm The Th task taa of keeping the these b In order 1 III herculean Aa As A tb the Nile Nil Nil In Inthe inthe the th embankments ml are watched AM as II the Dutch watch the dikes of or Holland They Th ire are ar patrolled b by the I h Milage headmen and the least break U ts filled with stalk of millet and ind earth The Th hp village have ha tin the t h right to 10 loll a ill II out the tho th ropi to hilp hIJI and no one mie nil n I a Now How I i is Watered The Nile Nie Flood and Their Load of At v MudA A Vast Vt System of Bain in Have to l be e Filled and Drains What the te Dent Dam Da Do DH How It ic ii i Built It Mi Fore force Equal to Two T YO Million Horace Ho and anti How HOH HOHA I II I A Child Could Operate It ItA A Look at the the Sluice Gate It h has h Added i More Land to Egypt and end bee lia JIU Made dads the People hopla Rick RickI 1 i I o rv L 11 r f v r rh ra h a V c w i iv v Ir I Y e er ei eY F r I Y i I 1 CROSSED THE DAM ON A CAR CAB SCENE BELOW THE DAM DAN for hat I nt t t lu If Jr Ih the S gt tv trio too t high It ItonO onO I v i Is into the III 1 and nd the Ih stud mud hula hu h i rumble During the Hood flood the I h f K 1 go about a UI In breta from village 10 to The Th donkey donke bur buffal faints fal slid and live lIu nn nu the Ih dikes dike a all as do 10 also the gnats K itH hp and camels amel The Th people sow lOw their crops up an a II soon molt soona a as 1111 the floods bogs subside Harvest cornea comes ome on Oil within a few months month and without they Ih have some ome mean men of f Irrigation outside the th Nile floods they must watt wall until the following year before they thy can an plant again If Ir they thy can cn have H a C adam dam like this at al t the Nile can be bt kept high hip throughout the th year and lAnd they Ihy can n grow crops eroe all 11 the year round This Is III i already the th rendition condition In a great part parI of the delta della and It U la is aimed to In extend exl nd It to the farms of ot upper Egypt TilE THE A DAM The data dam ria IH Is I one on of the thed wonders wonder d of nf modern Egypt It I is 18 In full sight of me In it as I 1 sit lt It here her on no the ltee left len bunk of the Ih Nile with the desert nt nl my m mak beak back It looks like Ilk a great atone alone via viaduct viaduct IIi duct the rocky bed of the river joining the th stony alibi kiila lilt which woes H the tb Ih XII Nile on Oil both sides side Id and holding h hark k a Ii portion of or its II mighty waters It U Um itis m is a great granite wall nail all 8 80 fet feet wide at atthe the bottom holtom and g fret feet fp t wide witt at al the tup tUI rising lo La I I 1 iV hove ov the Ih tad bed of ot the liver b mn inK i I ml Mill and a 1 quarter In length There Then Is t I now non n n a t r d i K ed eta by b walla all on un ha It tr to tot n i J I I r I IP a little i rear ar al line liar JI the th wagons WUKO rat i i r v II hi hl h I ire are re pushed puh hv h b men Inn ruin n err u tt from om un side ide to the th other othe Tin lh Ih d da dam ni serves ere a 1 as n a bridge M as well II and donkeys camels camel and nd men man are allowed to pa pax a over It from front bank to bank 1 routed crossed on the th car Br at t a cost coert of 21 cents cent my mr motive power OWl being bel two Arab boys boy w who ho Came on the trot now HOW TUB TItE DAM DAK IS JE BUiLT As At I rime lime over I stopped slopped from fron time timeto timeto to time to 10 examine eg stone toe The dam Is I made of great 1 block blacks bl of red granite granIG ran Ita as fate aa a that thaI of tombstone In lit the United flutes They Thc Th Thare are cut and fitted as close dOlle closely ly Iy as a the th wall walla n of oC a pala palace lace On the th upper aide ride or north nee cave e the wall In Is I perpendicular forming tormina a straight up and down dawn alt the Ih waiters liters v 1111 of the th Nile I climbed ell eB down a e n a ladder on that I hn t aide aMe at al t at ups P almost to 10 the he I rivet river and could ou 0 that the lite bk bicka are arv a Mt flied 4 so p cl lr that t t the does not show how The Tta wall seem m al almost almost 1 most on one solid mUd atone Ion throughout with Ith the th u Deception ce of or where her the lb Ih great sluices lire Ire cut lit to allow the th river to I n flow Itow through I at the tho times of the Ih flood and anda a n op the Ih Moods floods subside ld to I shut hul back hack the waters wiler to form th the gnit g I reservoir for forthe forthe to the dry dl season Th n n i t of ni f tl i 1 ii u e IId it in InI inti tt ti I I lull nn I 1 i t uI in 1 i i 1 i M I 1 door In Hi it ii t u Ii b i tin at 1 11 I I j I 1 n r I 1 10 In I allow ill On whole wh ini rl r i t th tb through 01 or to t hold ludd hack back iu al much inu h r i II Ia i little a u as the i will still The data dam IH is I thus thu a II great t stone wall 11 pierced by I three h e gates gate The T Nile NilI never ner flow over 1 the top of ot the dam dm but bul always through h the Ihl gates gate and nd the canal at one ont side Hide Id When the gates gale I are lIH during durl the dry diy Ma Man enough n h water I la Is held back by bT this structure of steel te l and granite to 10 form a alake alake lake mill miles long lone end nd this Ihl IH is I let It out outa as a needed to 10 supplement nt the th ordinary flow dow of af the river liver r and lId give 1 the th crops plenty nl of nr water all aU U summer ummer through In Itt order ont to appreciate ap the tb strength of ot the tb structure It I is necessary sary to know the tile enormous weight It supports When the Ihl In be I full rull the water alt r In It amounts amount to almost a quarter of a trillion lion Ilea gallon It 11 contains contain million gallons a and weights over or 1000 million tons It IK Is I HO so heavy that lat if It It were w all till loaded upon u wagons wagon w lIn It would take Uke two 10 tw o billion horses hor to tn haul h ul the th load We hat havi In fu thi th rd stat Ilat e something like Ilk IK Ile I million homes hoists h One Ou 0 hundred Ihn s that many ma all RII together and lind all ut of t once me could not nol tarry carry the Ih weight this Ihl mammy if Is re required roe to tOJ hold hullt ILK back huk k kIf If Jf the water c uld 11 bo he h loaded had nn n freight can CUI at IN 1 tana tona to the oar Clar It fluid take tah 10 million cars cars care to carry It end It If each ah car ar were weN 40 M feet lent I the th 1 rain train would reach ch 10 M thousand miles II or of the distance nee from here to the moon I There I is water wa or enough Ou In the tit rener reser reservoir r 1 I voir to give nil all the families of the Unit United ed Pd stale Mate tt all thy could use urns II for lor six allt at or orI I Ight months and nd enough to supply apply 1110 Ot Orcet Britain and Ireland all en the year 1 V round If I the Ib water wets were we loaded on onI t 1 I |
