Show hew I 1 shod feed ard aid 0 a herd 1 of dairy cows covis by prof A A improper recognition of the tha great butter producer commma in ia utah the tha proper method of selecting reading feeding and managing dair dairy y cows ia order to ta make Maka them a profitable investment it may be well to state at them the beginning that hit the tha herd which this paper attempts to discuss was selected in a section where range beef cattle is the all important project and the dairy type ot animal al is looked on with indifference tho the holstein II cattle being pointed to with scorn while the nice trim rim little butterfat butter fat producer the jersey is reckoned to ba only on I 1 y a common curse cures at the tha best and often derided as aa a common enemy to the section at large the cattle however are mostly y of the short horn durham and devon davon cross rarely larely pure in mood blood with here and there a sprinkling of jersey and holstein heistein Hoi stein in this see section too slough hay and aad wire grass both of the poorest type is all that a cow gets to eat duriac during 0 the he winter while for summer slimmer the typical cow owner points with a breast bursting with of to a barren daou rno 1 in r ft 1 M 1 itt t 0 f 7 a J you in accents of tr u mph and glory that that ia all his cairs co ag getto eat to feed a few mouthfuls mouth fuls of luce lusen an fn or clover to a cow either winter or summer mummer is ia looked looke dupon upon as a crime crime while to give her a mouthful of bran or a grain rain ia simp ly so BO terrible its as to b be e beyond description crip tion if during the summer she is ia ever pastured it is either on a rocky knoll where a wild onion must carry on an awful struggle for a brief existence only to give up and die in the end or else in some swamp where the proverbial hom boss blanket would mire out of 0 sight instantly and where the cm cow is kept in that happy frame of mi rd that she ehe must either die of starvation or come to an early end by drowning if she attempts to tg betone pet one more blade of broadleaf furthermore in this thia section the protection of a wire fence is all that is ia considered necessary for a cow to keep her warm and comfortable against the bleak winds ofa mountain plateau with the thermometer 30 degrees below zero while an open shed where the boss of the herd has the privilege of wallowing in manure and slush belly deep t to gore her subordinate out against 1 alfiel the wire fence with nith its deeper manure aud and slush is looked upon as a luxury and a dark wet mouldy bouldy not ventilated stable is simply spoken of in whispers as luxury gone wild whereas a well lighted stable dry and well abed with good floors and convenient comfortable bangora mangers la is denounced as in luxury x ury carried to such an extent tha that t it has become a crime against society in such a section the hereditary tendencies either from breeding feeding 0 or care is not nol such euch as to produce the great dairy cow yet it has been possible with applying so me of the obtainable enoi knowledge ledge in selecting tinz feeding and care to get a small herd which in december 1897 produced nearly iago 60 00 worth of butter fat from ton ten cows with one of these ten a cull and others fliers in the and alth milking month selecting on oa learning of a cow coir for sal i go and look 1001 at her take note of her bar form and find out all possible horn her owner in regard to her age etc also final out who raised her I 1 next inquire of the neighbors where the cow was raised and thus get her history and reputation meanwhile I 1 have asked the owner to her milk to find out exactly what she is ia giving ln in a few days dare I 1 call around again and if pos possible sible interview the e mail email boy of the place unbeknown to the lord and roaster master as an to the cows vicious habits etc during this his time I 1 have had the general make up of the he cow in my minds i n ands eye and her good points and her bad points next nest I 1 get the weight of milk given now nor if the cow has a good nervous nerv v 9 us temperament tem has slightly elight ly dished fice face with inith bright Epa sparkling riling not glinting intelligent eyes eves a neck well cut up close to the jaws withers prominent and fine abarge well rounded belly willi wih ribs well sprung and arching from tho back bone arching as oppose to going down straight from the backbone back bone making what is known as aa the slab aided animal a well formed udder that feels decidedly glandular to the touch attached well vell x up behind and well out in front with large and sinuous milk veins which pass into the abdomen through balge la ga holes a tail blender and fine and withal a good reputation for milk among the neighbors and the small boy bay passes on her good hab its I 1 am prepared to make an offer this is generally per pound for milk per day of these thee indications there ale aie some that may mislead and all are more or less ices reliable I 1 often find the neighbor is warped is his opinion being large ly influenced by b y whether the owner of the cow is counted among his friends the small by boy if caught unawares and unloaded always gives straightforward facts la in the cow herself the udder is the most deceiving organ this I 1 think I 1 have specialty specially found to lie be true in regard to size the abst cow I 1 have in a herd of 15 has the smallest ulder and the second best beat as aa fir as aa I 1 can judge comes next in size of udder the udder irrespective of size should be well formed I 1 select the cow that has hag each quarter of the udder plainly and distinctly separate from the other quarters ind whose udder retains its perfect shape whether full to almost bursting or entirely drained of its mills milk this too whether the big milks down to almost nothing not hin or whether it appears nearly as f full ai 11 after milking milk ilg as before the udder of my best cows cows that give evidence of prodoc ing lbs or more of butter fat for the first year of partly intelligent humane treatment seems nearly as ai large after milking as before I 1 avoid cows bagi milk away until they have the ap appearance learance of empty flour baa baga also the cows whose bags are large and flabby after milking besides retaining their natural fine shape at all times the good udder should never feel flashy but glandular to know what is is meant by this if when a cow is slaughtered the milk glands as corn part d with the other aleh h is distinctly noted one can then tell it through the skin of the udder I 1 would ap ply the babcock teet but people hereabouts with the dairy tendencies as heretofore depicted hold the test as aa a mortal enemy to all men ani would demand 10 1000 00 more for a cow that would pass the test never do 1 I buy a cow that outrages what is known as dairy form but I 1 have found this dairy form in the scrub of unknown generations up through all the grades to a nearly full blooded jersey and this to too in selecting but 15 cows moreover whenever I 1 have found this form the cow has responded ded at the milk pail FEEDING in december when ten of these cows made nearly with butter fat at 22 rents cents per ib excepting about one week I 1 fed them as follows between 7 30 0 and a lu all of the timothy and wild bay mixed they would cat up clean come of it being not extra good at p pm in from 5 to 6 pounds j of mill screenings composed of weed seeds wild oats oats and an 1 cracked and shrunken wheat chopped fine As soon as aa this was cleaned up came a feed of second crop lucerne and timothy of only medium quality on this feed they produced on an average of about ibs of per cent milk or nearly 8 lb ib butter bu ater fat per cow per day since then new cows have been put in and the fee feed d has aten as follows between and a in a feed of good bright second crop lucern lacern and barley hay about half and half barley havin having been cut before ripening ripe to save gave it from froba at p m 5 to 0 6 lbs his of chopped oats As soon as this was wag cleaned cle abed up un a feed of good bright second crop lucern all that they would eat up tip clean on this ibis feed 13 cows averaged 9 lb ib of butter butler fat per day each among these 13 is one cow that bloated on dry crop lucern last nov and had to be stu stuck ek and has had three bad spells of garget since then an old cow bought because she was cheap in february two others of the 13 had reached their mil milking kinig g month and one other her CARE As to care these cows have a gool good warm stable but riot not properly lighted stand on a plank floor bloor well bedded with straw and are tied up to a good comfortable manger out of which they can easily eat either standing up up or lying down I 1 feed them i in tile the morning between and and milk between and 1100 the milking beginning ff about the same each milking between 11 and 12 1 I turn them out in an open yard there is a salt box always containing fine salt after a 15 or 20 minutes run in the yard I 1 let them go to water aud and sometimes drive them to water about 4 1 I p in they drink spring water but with the thermometer from 10 to to 30 degrees beaw zero for weeks at a time lime even sr spring i ng water gets ice cold if the theu y ny n y I 1 tie them up early but if riot not they are tied up tip at 5 1 p in fed grain at once and hay as soon as grain is eaten at p in m milking begins ins and lasts until about 8 save it be on special occasions time is strictly adhered to sometimes I 1 correct a cow with a strap or milk stool and this I 1 consider all right provided it is done judiciously and not savagely it is about the only way to handle some cows one of the most important thing things I 1 lind find is regularity all things to be done at the same time each day and the cows always milked by the same person As stated before on special occasions occasion I 1 have not done this note the christmas day we were to eat dinner with inith sister mary marv she lives 18 miles from us I 1 therefore milked the cows cowa about one hour earlier than usual returning lite late at night the milking nas as delayed two and a half houis houi a on dec 23 and 21 24 2 1 milk weighed average per day ibi ou on 25 and 20 G lbs ibs on 27 and 28 lbs ibs or an average loss of 17 1 lbs ibs per day As the cows were avera averaging IS 18 lbs ibs per day this was nearly the loss of ou on e cow on jan and feb let lindsay lindaay played othello and da damon ma n pythias respectively in our to town IN 0 we must of course see these in order to do so ao the wife helped with the milking chich was done an hour earlier iu in the evening A ball followed on feb 2 and lindsay lindaay played a return on feb ad and EO we had nearly a week out on jan 29 30 and 31 milk averaged 12 ad milk averaged lbs ibs on feb 4 and 5 milk averaged a loss of 19 10 lbs ibe per day on 12 cows As the cows were ave averaging ragin a about 20 lbs ibs per day the lots equaled equaled barly one cows cowe ruick nuila on feb 12 prof linfield held a meeting at 18 miles from u I 1 ventured to attend and therefore had to get new on feb 10 li 11 and 12 milk averaged per day ibi on feb feb 13 14 and 15 milk averaged j lbs ibs a loss of 21 lbs of milk per day from 13 cows or more than the ind milk k from one cow the great est difference for each time is as follows christmas 21 lbs iba on ten cows feb 1 32 lbs ibs on 12 cows on feb 12 30 10 ab iba a on I 1 13 3 co cowe 17 cows B this thia for the three special occasions menti mentioned oDed makes an average is loss of milk equal to that from one I 1 cow each time or just tile he same as the lobs lotsof of cows the cows cost about ro po that th these ese three special occasions cost me about now if I 1 average 1 a special occasion ioa a month for th the e year I 1 should lose thereby amoo 4 50 which would be the same as aa 10 per rent cent interest on hn an investment of 1500 this thi too on a herd of 12 cows As I 1 intend to have a herd of 40 cows or three and a half times as aa many as aa no lowthe athe los loses ea on oil the same saine basis would be 1500 a year for one special occasion each month you have probably observed that many are not up to standard dairy require requirement mente as I 1 for instance the milking from to 1100 a in and to 80 aou p no en also tb the 0 correction of the cows just bear in mind that I 1 have to told d you how I 1 do it not how hov it sh should be done in talking g to different ones ores about the bus business iners many and varied have been their suggestions and opinions n uniformly however people have said eaid well after the cows fell away when cared for irregularly they the soon gained back never did my my cows gain back to where they were une one general complaint is that cows pet get tired of lucern if your cows cowe are so troubled try tile the following recipe ariso arise thou at six of the borni morning and goeth thou straightway to thy cow barn after kindly on co boss several times to thy kine thou to them a good feed of lucern cut before the ba blossoms appeared and well nell cured so BO that it cant aineth belh many leaves and look etli eth bright and green with this his mineth thou some tini timothy timiothy othy not over cured cared but green and bright at five hod 1 thirty of the evening evening tie thy aws up to a good com coin foi 0 loahr I 1 which neither W anas th erf as in in a straight st raight y IA ak 1 k jt ibe a stanchion tanch on nor which coo keth the neck when lyial lying conn down bring thou lobach to each kine 5 0 to 8 iba of mixed ground oil barley barlev and bran thou thoa by abe kine and them clean this up then feed reedeth etli them more of the tha lucerne which cont aineth many leaves and is bright and green observe thou thy kine closely and thee will notice the only fatigue that leth them is as they walseth for thee to come with the next lucern A A MILLS kamae uta utah i n 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