| Show HOW TO GROW APPLES A LaC lectura turna of 0 espedal lliter interest to fruit kafars Kais prof Vo limans address bedora the L au shamber of 0 Coman commerce cros points on the selection orienting ri enting irrigation and and 3 packing of addies I 1 address delivered by P of E S j bichman Rich beffie e the login chamber 0 of f co commerce al ineice feb 28 I 1 the subject of horticulture which has been assigned rne me 13 is a very large one find and one with which I 1 cannot attempt to deal in full at thil time I 1 shall therefore confine myself to a I 1 lery ery small portion of it nal namely nelv the gr growing of apples ih in cache valley in the first place do does es caebe cache valley p present resent a good field f for lor this industry indu str I 1 piss pas experience seems to point to the fact that it does docs it is particularly adapted ada adap pied fd 1 many parts of it at leat to the j growing of this fruit cut but there are certain points that ant bei kept in view in selecting a place for an apple orchard certain things I 1 alist be avoided when other thing things should bu be sought ought for the file soil best adapted to apple growing grossing is ii a deep loam of a somewhat calcareous nature but in general land that will wil I 1 raise good corn potatoes or 1711 will succeed fairly well in apples paring bearing be in mind always that apple trees will not do well where the water comes near hear the surface it should be at least fifteen feet down to water though apple hiees will do well for many years ft here the water is ii luthin ten feet of the surface but when the hiees become old and the roots reach down into the permanent water strata the orchard will cease to do well apple flees do not like wet leet any better than we do I 1 would avoid locati locating og an ancich aich ard in the loviest parts of the valley ES as such pill is are mole pus 1 cep tible to late frosts the cold air being heavier bettles bellies into those I 1 would also a aboid old locating I 1 I 1 where there th ereis is a continued strong wind as the apple is a heavy fi fisit uit and comparatively easily blown off though if I 1 had lind land so located and could not readily make the ex C hange I 1 would not allow it to bar i me fiant planting an orchard as the wind can be in part checked by m means eans of windbreaks wind breaks in selecting trees to plant it is always cheapest in the long run to select the best I 1 refer now to the i character of the tree not to its variety we may have good trees and I 1 n e may have bad trees N H hether Is we e select them of one two tivo or three years growth in Cleter determining mining Z what varieties to plant it is well t to 0 f remember that winter apples generally have the best market as they can be held for a considerable time and you are not obliged to auice them themon on the market unless the price suits they can call be sold at an aay y time between november and march if the orcha is fixed for I 1 keeping them theia fall apples are I 1 I 1 hex nest t in in importance because they also can be kept for a consides consi considerable dei able bitile if tile the in market arket does nut not suit but summer apples must be sold as soon RS as they h b ive r e matured or they aie a total loss unless dried because it is impossible to keep them any great length of time in selecting varieties of apples it ib well to remember that as a general rule 1 the appearance of an apple has more to do in selling it than its I 1 q quality ua it this is not as it should be but it remains true nevertheless A red apple will always sell b etter better than a green areen or a white one if it is of goodsite good size fco much the better the one apple which does best in cache valley is probably th the e will winter ter dearmin although it is 13 grecu in color slightly red ou on one side it is s so is well ell kno known u on oil the market that it always finds sale the vi alto has a very good name in utah in most places it is iq is a heavy beavy bearer and an apple that sells bells is well elf on the market one nery ery important point in planting apple trees has bas been too much overlooked I 1 have heard I 1 1 I 1 i people recommend planting an irchard all to one vai valety lety but this is not a safo plan lany abany varieties varie tirs tips of apple end and pears do not fertilize themselves atell ell the ony safe plan therefore is to pla plant 0 t at leit ivo vo lanct aric ties ici not in blocki in ill sections of tile tho orchard but in altern tto row or r three or four rows of any kind then or four rows of thu the other while many varieties varie are self sterile they are re perfectly cross crosa when planted in contiguous t bous rows in laying olt off an orchard for planting 15 per cent of rp spice tee can b be saved by layita it off to he be planted in the triangular alim the firby row rolv being laid off the same as in the ln ethol bat th ahn ti tibee of if tile second I 1 ow low being placed opposite the interval inter vali in tile the first tells row and tile the same distance frem the trees in ii the firt row as they at are irom from each other for example if the trees are 50 feet apart in tile the row tho the trees in n th the 0 second row will just be 30 feet front from those in the first thus bringing the rows only about abou t ag 28 f eel apart another point too commonly 0 overlooked is the cultivation and ana caie of the dichard many aco to think that all ahe caie necessary is to allow the orchard tu to grow up to weeds very verv lew few peo people ale would expect to raise good ord corn or potatoes in this mail manner ner yet they his aie ed if their heir t orchards do not do well under tinder this treatment the orchard should be cultivated tile the same as any other crop and while the proper method is to give clean culture and not grow grov any other crops with the tree it is proba b 1 as a in bulea 1 e a sifer s ifer method to grow crops between the trees and under lie circumstances should a grain crop be grown gronn in an orchard nor under ordinary conditions a grass chop lie be biown in a young bichard if other crops ire are gi dionn ci it in in connection with the it should be annually fertilized to tile the extent of the fertility removed by the growing of the crop As the tres trees tre s lecome lar larger gerand and the loots take mole moie fully possession of the land the growing of chops should be discontinued the 01 chard should be plowed at leit once a year pre lei leir ably raby in the spring plowing very shallow next to the trees duing g the remainder of the year all weeds and glass gi ass should be kept down by cultivation lu in reference to orchard irrigation I 1 believe too much water is alin ap lilied lied to our orchards aud and in a very wrong manner frequent Fie quent I 1 irrigations ol of the surface of jhb soil are not hot sufficient for good results on ti becs acs Not enough water is applied at one time to reach the deeper roots and as a result while the surface soil may be perfectly moist the deeper soil is quite dry and trees presely present t I 1 I 1 a sickly H appearance ppe arance surface irrigation is conducive to great aaion and loss lose of moisture my plan of irrigating an orchard I 1 I 1 is to apply enough imater at one I 1 time to reach the deeper roots and I 1 then retain that thai moisture in the soil hy by cultis cultivation aaion and keeping keening the surface of the soil sell loose I 1 think the best method of applying water to this end is to block tile the bichard off in squares using lor for this purpose an instrument made 1 in I the of a letter V but open 12 to 10 in ches at the narro roi end two planks are used in wide 10 feet long nailed securely in the shape i described A tearo team i ii hitched at the broad end and driven through between the lows collecting tile the dirt in ill the oi chard is gone through with in this then cross ledged in the sailie same manner we now dow have the trees in in the center of a square with rith nth ridges 10 to 12 inches light between the rows coira to retain the water ater the I 1 n ater is turned in at the upper tipper end and allowed to run to tile the loss lowest eat square in ill tho row this filled and then shut off and next one above is filled and so on back to the fust filst or upper square by thia method of irrigation a person can a approximately tell the amount of water lie he is appl applying 1 ving this method was adopted 0 in i a tae ahe 1 station etchard last year which is located upon very dry land two irrigations acle ghen gen probably be tween 12 and 15 inches or of water was applied As soon as the lan land d was TOs sufficiently dry the orchard was thoro thoroughly cultivated to loosen the muriace soil and prevent evaporation the orchard made better growth and is in better condition than e en er ct before and I 1 believe the result is largely due to the method of irrigation THE this part of apple ore barding is is too so often but poorly done or entirely neglected the trees tree of course coure cour e need some when ihen set all bruised or broken toots loots must be cut off the top must be pruned lack back in proportion the amount of this top pruning hill mil depend largely on th the sue of the tree to to the proportion of the roots A three year old tree with a good top would probably one baluto half to be removed all crotched trees i should have one of the clutches removed at the time of setting I 1 refer now to trees which divide into two branches from the main stem such trees are very apt 0 o split and injure j or ruin the trees when heava heavily iv loaded with fruit or not a strong limb all branches which cross each other i against one another should have the defect removed by the cutting I 1 away of the least desirable brinch branch this should be done whenever such crossing and rubbing is noticed it 1 frequently frequency occurs that branches I 1 are growing in the wrong from fi din that which the ardit ardi t desires in to make in ake a good shaped tree As a general thin thing this can be remedied by cutting a portion of the branch off just in advance of it a bud which points in I 1 the direction he desires the branch I 1 to take tb there er is considerable dif difference Terence of opinion as to the proper time to prune a tree the proper time I 1 is generally determined by the convenience of the pruned or by the time of year vear when v ben the wound would heal most readily I 1 prefer I 1 to prune apple trees in earl earh spring I 1 so thaties that as soon as groth commences tile the wound way may begin to heal if pruned in the fall or sinter is inter there I 1 I 1 is more or less danger that tile lie exposed portion will crack and then there is liability of decay betting belling in to prevent this to a certain extent exten the wound should be coated with linseed oil shellac lac or paint of golase kind i 1 PICKING AND r AP aai 1 TS ES the best tims to pick apples is C when they have matured but before there is is any sign of of t k iciness when picked at this stage ot or ripeness they have obtained their full flavor and are still in condition to keep well if the lie question of long keeping i all I 1 that is looked after they will keep best if picked just after tile the seeds turn brown but they are lacking lack ing in flavor at that time also in color and general appearance in packing apples for mil mai set iet all fruits of second grade bho ablio uld ild be discarded such as are to toi small or too large green or 0 oer er ripe fruits or the those se that are in an nav way wl injured by bruise or insect raould lie be discarded from first class packages and either used for dt di ing or sold eold for second grade fruit af the he package whether a barrel or box should lie be neatly put up the fruit should ran evenly throughout dont select the finest a es for the top KEEPING in legard to keeping aphes the nearer we can keep them to the temperature of 31 32 deg tl i longer they will keep if a berula i aare of 32 can be maintained ti 11 py will keep indefinitely I 1 have them to be kept diio this manner as no decay c cm i take place at that temperature but it js is best to keep the tem tempera are recon constant whatever it be ba I 1 would rather have apples kept i a store room with nith a regular ture iture of 45 degrees than to hametl have tl in n kept in ia store room that was 4 legreen ile grees one day arid and down to 22 ia V next net uniformity ill of tempera temperature tur conducive to good keeping riua qua ties lies mot I 1 close I 1 wish i say eay a word about keeping a fer fe apples for home use late in the spring pring they can he be kept much mach ager if on a cold night a quantity 1 ii I dried cliatt is ia exposed to the ftc jg ag tern tem I 1 I 1 i I 1 1 I 1 I 1 P tib are and the apples packed in this ei the next morning early this should bo be repeated leroi ted two or three times luring during the binter the apples being beilig removed and the chaff exposed priel el of course this it i not necessary ifa if a person is provided with a regular fruit house N ft here the terni temi pera ture can be regulated to suit the grower at the conclusion of the adores the following ques question tiong were asked ached question in selecting ground lot foi an orchard what slope dould you recommend 9 answer by bv prof richman luchman I 1 would prefer a noi abern slope slop e because the trees are aie slower in starting in the spring and consequently there here is less danger r of the bud being killed by the late lata frost also because there is less lass danger ian ger of the body of the trees being injured by the hot sun Q what is the best method of preventing sun scald A in planting trees they should ean slightly to the southwest south west or to be more ore particular they should lean toward the one sun liy by planting b in this way the top lop w will 1 ll 11 g soon ch shade ade the body of the t tree ree and protect it from the sun i A bother method is afi by tree protectors they are made to en circle the body of the tree and a n d chade it Q what was the general result of spra spraying yin last year A I 1 might almost say that the i general result was that a majority of the trees were sprayed with water merely colored with the poison and not according accor dins to directions but hereder nhe he rever the work was properly and thoroughly done good effects followed in many many cases not over 3 per cent being wormy Q what is the object of planting trees 30 feet apart and in the triangular form A it economizes economides economises space to tile the extent of 15 p per r cent when planted in the old way there is considerable space unoccupied iut hut when ahen planted in the triangular i form each tree is 30 feet from six si others thus making the apace for I 1 each tree nearly circular and not I 1 square as in the old method of I 1 planting planning in squares thu tha topi of f I 1 trees grow nearly circular and not square Q will ben davis do well here I 1 i 1 I 1 A the ben javis davis tree has rather a poor reputation in utah it doer not seem to yield so abundantly in most parts of utah as in I 1 the middle wit i Q what varieties or of opples would you recommend A if I 1 was selecting two varieties to lo plant I 1 would select the winter Pe armane and winesap Q why ivov do you recommend recommends i that there be no crop grown within eight feet of the trees A because the trees need that space they should receive first care the cron la is a secondary matter none of the fertility should be removed from the soil within eight eiba I 1 feet of the trees |
