Show i pi HOLLAND HIT p t HARD BY WAR Impression She Was Enriched by by it It Dispelled by Figures COST COUNTRY A All All All' of Her Industries Suffered and Much Was Sunk in Certa Certain n Foreign For For- eign Bonds Suffered Bonds Suffered Most of Any Ally Ne Neutral New Ir York York Impressions that Holland Holland Holland Hol Hol- land b b became came carn enriched by the war arc are combated In a a pamphlet Issued by D. D J J. Steyn Parve acting c consul general for the Neth Netherlands sl showing owing that by reason of its geographical and economic economic eco eco- position the pressure and evilS evil effects of the war were probably more seriously felt there than In any other neutral country S SOn On the mainland the pamphlet t say says Holland was wali entirely y surrounded by y territory In the he hands of one of th the belligerents while the North sea more than any other waterway was part of the war war warzone zone As' As the prosperity rity of Holland depends upon international Intercourse industries were choked large outlays were Imposed In the maintenance of a defensive army th there re was growing unemployment and the people generally suffered Shipping Shrinks In 1913 1013 shipping In the ports of Holland Holland Hol liol- land amounted to to n net t tons That volume shrunk shrank to tons in 1918 1018 Traffic in Amsterdam decreased decreased de do- creased from 2597 ships In 1913 1013 to in 1018 1918 und lInd In fn Rotterdam from to 1181 ships ship Rhine tonnage dropped d from froni in 1913 1013 to In tn 1918 1018 Dutch foreign trade became entirely entirely en en- disorganized zed owing to restrictions restrictIons enforced by both belligerents Import duties In 1913 amounted to W. In 1018 the they were about and domestic trade suffered by hy the reduction Individuals made excess profits here and there producing ing mug a crop of the rich newly but they thrived cd at the cost of an Impoverished country countr and against these profits should be reckoned the time loss of 2473 18 tons of shipping representing 2238 per cent of the fleet of 1013 1913 Large profits came from agriculture In cla clay soil soli In the first years of the war Sandy Sand soil could not boo bo- cult owing to lack o of fertilizers and the requisitioning of r rye e for formerly n used as fodder caused serious reduction 1 tion Uon In the number of cattle It was was necessary to kill off the smaller specie species of live JIve stock In order ohler to save food for forthe the more valuable species War Var conditions condl condi proved favorable to the fisheries in certain periods At other that Industry was d doomed omed to practical Inactivity As many as as' as fishing boats were sunk and man many fishermen perIsh perished ell Dutch holdings of foreign securities were affected In 1918 1018 the nominal Donim 1 worth of n Russian bonds held heIr In Holland Hol lol land amounted to and additional additional ad- ad ad ad- Interest In nus Russia d 1 represented r f value of all aU of which may aiRy b b considered lo lost t. t Losses on securities securitieS' of central Europe especially In Hungary were wern very large Owing to the limitation of of Imports by the allied governments many of the Dutch Industries could work only under heavily restricted capacity It was wag extremely difficult to obtain raw materials coal coni oils and other articles essential to t the tl e industries which had to shut down for varying periods dismissing dismissing dis dis- missing their employees The Royal noyal National Committee of ot Assistance paid out from August AUguRt lOB 1914 to December 1018 1918 toward toward to to- ward the support of per persons ons made In Indigent Indigent In In- by the war In the same period I Ithe the government o allocated toward expenses of ot the time food supply and to assist the needy and to combat unemployment Cannot Be e Expressed In Figures Disadvantages connected with keeping keeping keep keep- ing under arms all aU the bodied able-bodied part part art of the male population for for- four years taking man many of them from their ther studies or their regular productive work cannot cannot can cnn not be expressed in figures The most Important single Item was that of the cost of mobilization which amounted at the end of 1918 1018 to bringing the government expenses due to the war to 10 a total ot f i Nearly was waR raised hy by direct taxes and was ol oh tamed by loans Additional extraordinary espouses have ha already absorbed absorbed ab ab- and the debt must Inevitably be Increased to pay par oft off the original loans In from twenty to twenty five years ears As a consequence taxes per capita must be he raised to about 2348 2148 annually an Increase of l 8 i 1 per C- C cent compared with 1913 J |