| Show Bt BEST SERVANTS t tf OF f HUMANKIND M I 1 Are Arc Probably the Unheeded j jAnd I And Despised Earth Earthworms Earthworms Earthworms I II worms I II I I I JUST WHAT THEY DOI DOIs DO I Is Shown In III nit u In Work lIrk at It the lite Sinto I I Some m of ot the tit soil loll amp gathered by bythe bythe the children at It the university training school were exhibited today before th tb clan cilia r In nature study l I lor y Prof U H The These e samples In a perfectly lear manner the actual adua Iture nature of o th the thO soil poll WHAT lOlL BOIL Ohi IR in LIKE lO lOThe ui The top layer I wa was U UH more mor nr IIrI ir irless less lea I dark In tha lb case care of ot very scry r ri rub h sits mills l ll approaching Mack black this III lri being d 4 11 i ito to the pretence of o organ organs mall I chiefly vegetable mold und It nd made 10 UP III moat of ot leave bates A few Indies un I I the soil 1011 I Is usually a light brawn br it II In I ml I or and deeper df a yellow ell ow colored soil is frequently encountered Then Out onO i I Ind sand and nd red or 01 white then gravel then Ihl th I cement or clay ria or port iri of sub substratum i stratum more mort or ir lees lew I impervious to 10 wa water 1 ter Large 1 stones ton usually lie It beneath sometime coming comini to In the surface if tf f I the tINt toll suit When stones tone ut found foun scat i toted over or the v vall alloy it is III they I h 1 have been n carried there by floods I WORK Of or 0 THE WATER The transporting power poser of iii water tint th Ih it 11 itis I Is III Its ability to curry heavy tn 1 I Is tather remarkably It 64 4 tI j i ib by b merely doubling the Ih of f the current This lin ri IK m III II the th carrying 1 Iwer ower 01 of o lint and stream or fir floods account K for ib th hi i tr pile 1 of nf lanie boulders boulder strewn 1 It field fit over which even a small flo ul 1 ha hi hat wept swept The advantage of C i w wIng lag Ing In t I is that thAI it II t brings brine III u Ih IhM I hi new M poll loll deeply foe charged hard with matter that hat has h cot ot been heen u t 1 ui up liv hI I Ithe the roots root I of ot plants plant which u 11 spread through the surface soil i What that becomes become of the th I Nail noil The Th water runs run forn the th taut tain stile Hide III to 10 the stream and nd the th flown nn 1110 into the Ih valley all ending Ha Its II murk In lak ir or river nur In tImes time of o freshets M and floods 1 ds the hl soil 1011 Is I carried over th Ih or i f the earth f further and fur I Ither I ther fr the th mountain side sid Into tm tin t I Hut Hul the clear d water la Is likewise I tarrying carrying sediment nt In suspension ant and antis IK is depositing cello oli suh Sulk I I IiI upon the land over oer which U t II unIT n It ml evaporates evaporate The These obera It t f rs the ball bails for tor the Ihl lessons M tU It of o the great eat river risers In the thet t f I iii tt inn m nfl of ot deltas I HOW SOIL i 18 I It n js IF alda Idl are Sie a In part flirt formed br by b bI byI I I f shin of o the half decayed I kf II l hi lil i worms worm orm consume lart r rock rack are ground In th thI the it I of or o worm worms In which whiM F 1 serve ne as u millstones The Then M n I are carried over or the e by rain and wind and Hi III sui mold II la titus thus prevented from In any Rny one on place In ohm places the thi Ih wohn a layer r of earth arth one firth nf ot an Vt Inch In tn ties lien to III the Ih of ot tone tome acres acre In a single IlnI e This Is I carried down every valley and aM finally 11 to 10 the ocean or lake lak I The Mississippi lowers the soil surface of It Its It enormous ulI area ara two to and anda lid I Ia a hAlt half thousandth of an n Inch per year ear and carries Iam Ihl swill noil 11 into Inlo the he gulf gult In years fIr It should at this fbi rate all aU the soil of Its drainage area Into the th ten son This that the work nork of the earthworm In moUl taoist coun countries tries tn Is I comparable rable to 10 the th work of ot a mighty agency like the riv rh river nt er Cr IT OF In our Irrigated ti til benefit of or the h earthworm t to III the Ih pail IO o HM hia lIa been bd ti I doubted for or the reanon reon lOn that the bur but burrow rOws row made mad by these animal allow more rapid evaporation so SrI that thet the Ih soil 1011 I is made mad dry elf sail and also aiM the Ihl bUllS admit water too 1110 rca readily illy during Irrigation Darwin Is III I of nf the Ihl opinion that thaI Ih part played by hy worm rm In the hIstory of ut the world Is more important than mo most t tenon person w wull uM suppose In molt nilet are ar ver vel numerous In part of a ft ar r of ot more than Ihan in IA J 0 l Ida m of o dry rih annUlI annually paes ra through their and 11 Is brought to the lb urfA 11 1 14 of land an o that th thi whole holl i I I d of o surface unit soil n that thit Ic It n t L forms of lit vegetable mould a IKI 1111 their bodIes bodle In the Ihl coume CUllIf fx f fv ft t v x vani aI arp As A the burrows burrow f C I anti but U Im Ira Imi Irai I If i i f 1 burrow exposes fresh S i 1 at RI lion tIn of ot the a acid alli M Mi i 11 u 1 nI of o the humus acids to tn be stIll Mill more efficient 5 t n p of rocks rock WHAT 18 II BLACK BLACIC SOIL U UT T in r h 11 shown by scientist th n M mould which lorr ort tb the I m mt mst t pr pl productive d pt I s stin tin 1 I br If n I Ii chiefly formed l I th II IRh rs of ot the tb apparent u us little Hili creature which w we c i ut r angleworms angleworm n TIt Tb uri tir firm fineness of nl this soil ll If ifs p ii rust I InI Poe ence nI from rom remote time ami r I I i 1 renewal ren Iii si fI I are fart f that Ihal 1111 rot CI it 0 I the She Ia elew tf of ot clo elui I rK re I le p animal ulmala BO m low law 10 in th fbi soai 1 18 ft r f r I and nd so poorly ill 1111 h ti N organ on ar at I r am among nc the lb cr f feat eat Nt o ot the th of nt mankind a 01 i It f i ilean r achy attl participants l in man lean the lint first actual condition c i 1 Manent a at sit all will 1011 RItA OF Cr MAK IM prepare lb gr 11 groat ii I f r the lINt lb growth 0 of C i r n nand I t tand and for III of nt all 11 kinds lei T Tl n periodically the mould tn I air alt aol and an sift alft It lit So H th hit t n no ite stone atone 11 r than they tit can rn swallow are a ift I it I They mingle the Ih whole Intimate IntI t S Ilet gether let like lib Ilk a who ir Jr S flu lIu pall eoll for lor III itt choicest plants a 0 that Ihal It II a all n soluble IOIa aub and hemp bring all animal matter that U II I beneath the tile Into Int th theof the r tr trot c cof of ot ami Th The their burrow a lIh ith lIhAn worm onu plug phil SIP III lea sent and An la eat 1 leaves rave and tin the III Int mt t leT r enrich the soil oll In either ca cam e Ing In the dark colored rich m mould ald a hi oh everywhere en the th of cul rul cultivated land la a layer lat o Of or mantle ant I Burrow are arl at fund found fu several fret feet f t I In Iii depth causing caning drainage avid and allowing log the till air to 10 penetrate and anet fertilize 1111 th lb I h ground rou These openings allow an t of If plant favorable plaids place in lii which t I ICO Il go CO deep dep and eeds may germinate In Inthe Inthe the mould moul of if the ii earthworm 1111 but hilI otherwise fall tan t row grow P t LaM lonc n before man mall used a plow p l the little animal plowed IJ wM the land Ia for fer or him and an they supplement hi his bet best plowing to In toy I Ia Inay ay a y Ih e tiny animals form torm the th coral reef thor there may mar marnol not nol be any an other animal that have played pla so important a put part In the earth 11 history rr a U as these Ih the humble m and md lowly organised creatures |
