Show CONTROL N l o OF ORCHARD ORCHARD PESTS E TS B BY SPRAy SPRAYING ll Prepared by the United States Department Department Department Depart Depart- ment of or Agriculture Agriculture- The insects which trouble the or- or may be bo grouped In two main marn classes chewing Insects and sucking Insects For the control of the first class some form of arsenic such as cf of lead lend Is most generally used The Tile sucking ducking insects cannot be killed by poison as ns they do not eat ent on the surface so some preparation that will kill by coming in contact with their bodies is used sulphur Lime kerosene kerosene kerosene kero kero- sene emulsion and a nicotine extract are very commonly used for the pur pur- pose There are two classes of diseases which trouble troubie the fruit grower fungi and bacteria The fungus diseases ma may be controlled by spraying with sulphur lime or bordeaux mixture For Lor the bacterial diseases no satisfactory satisfactory tory spray mixture has yet been found Bacterial diseases such as pear blight can be controlled only by cutting out and burning the affected parts There is no general spray mixture that can bo applied to secure control over oyer all orchard rd pests neither Is there therea a time of year when all aU the spraying work can cnn be done Insects and fungus diseases usually have a period In their development when they may be con- con glue gine to operate a n compressor so thac tho the compressed air tanks may be re rl- charged Another t type pe of sprayer Js Is the dust sprayer er which is often otten us us-id us d din in districts where heavy henvy vehicles cannot cannot cannot can can- not be used and where water is scarce Tho machines are arc supplied with a n fan I arrangement which blows the material In the form of a fine dust that entirely entire entire- ly covers the tree The dust method methOl is useful mainly In controlling certain Insects Fungus diseases do not yield satisfactorily to this MI method as us a u rule The codling moth Is often trapped by using bands of burlap wrapped around the tree The female Insect crawls under this burlap to transform and the bands mn may then be examined from time to time and the pupae killed The cankerworm may be trapped by using sticky bands in place of the bur bur- lap The females in crawling up the trunk o of the tree become entangled Inthe in inthe inthe the sticky materials and are killed Fire Blight and Borers There are several troubles with which the has to contend that often become quite serious These troubles are fire blight on apples and pears yellows on peaches penches and borers on peaches and apples The only relIef relief relief re re- re- re lief that can cnn be had from fire blight is to cut out all infected branches as nJ n ih q f r 1 CY Y r Ay Ir r L. ar l Ja a i ah SPRAY OUTFIT SUITABLE FOR SMALL ORCHARD trolled by spraying To secure tIle the required required required re re- re- re control it Is Is necessary to know the exact time to apply the spray and also it is absolutely necessary to apply appl the right kind of spray Care in making making mak mak- ing up the spray mixture to the required required required re re- re- re standard is very essential In all spraying work Spraying Machinery Within recent years there has been beena a n. great improvement in machinery for spraying and it is now possible to get geta a ft machine that Is adapted to any phase of tho the work A hand pump with n a barrel to hold the liquid mounted on wheels will serve for a few trees If they are not large A tank mounted on a wag wab wagon n and a hand pump will answer answer answer an an- all aU purposes in an orchard not exceeding eight or ten acres For orchards orchards or or- char s exceeding ten acres especially where the trees are large a machine operated by a gasoline engine or some oth other l source of power will be found ad ad- A type of sprayer that is proving ing quite popular Is the compres com- com pres pressed press air ed-air sprayer The noticeable feature about this machine is the ab nb- absence senco sence of the pump and the engine A strong steel cylinder holds the liquid and the power is supplied in the form of compressed air all from a connecting tank To use this t type pe of sprayer it is necessary to have a large gasoline en- en soon Boon as ns observed In cutting out these branches be sure to make the cut several several several sev sev- eral inches below where the blight shows and also gather up the the cuttings cuttings and burn them It Is also essential to disinfect the pruning shears or knife In a solution of at of mercury or to treat the wound with the same so so- lution lotion Soft and succulent wood growth seems to be more subject to attack so where blight is prevalent the orchard should be seeded down and all nIl nitrogenous enous elious fertilizers should be withheld Pe Peach ch yellows can only be checked by cutting and burning nil all Infected trees tree Peach borers are generally controlled controlled con con- trolled by mounding the trees and digging digging dig dig- ging out the borers Protection From Rodents Very frequently young trees are arc attacked attacked attacked at at- tacked by rabbits rabbits' mice woodchucks and the like and very serious damage is done If It the trees are still vigorous and the time wounds not too extensive the trees may be saved by bridge grafting When young trees are set In districts where such rodents are numerous itIs it itIs Is Js a good plan to use some form of a tree protector These protectors ma may many maybe be made of wood veneer wire netting lath tar paper They should be set Into the earth several Inches and run upon the trunk to cover up the base of the scaffold limbs |