Show BR ZIL it X y AV JN n k x 1 M 7 rio in its valleys valley among towering peaks peak 1 prep ed by the th national geographic society washington D 65 C just as the united states celebrated with an exposition in 1870 the completion of tile the first century of its independence pen dence so brazil will hlll celebrate next september her first centenary as aan a nation ti by means of a great world fair in allu aitto de janeiro I 1 it Is an occasion and a ceremony which the people of the united states are particularly well fitted to understand and appreciate in a number of ways brazil stands where the united states stood 0 years ago though in many others of course this neighbor to the south equipped with modern machinery and assisted by modern methods Is far la in advance of tile the united states of ISTO 1870 brazil Is much more than one of the he south american republics in area it Is if in a class with the united states its rug fag floats over oer practically one half of south america and one fifth of the western hemi hemisphere sphere leaving alaska out of consideration brazil Is actually square miles greater than the united Stat states esl 1 it has boundaries ailes of greater or less length in common with every other country in south america except ecuador and chile the land boundary of brazil following all the twi stings of rivers and mountain ranges Is pro probably babiy not tar ar from miles long and there Is a coastline of nilles ro lies as well the largest river in the world tremendous potential water power and huge deposits posits ot ni minerals are among some of the other physical features that mark brazil put out for big things lings ti itis particularly la in the possession of vast undeveloped resources that brazil Is comparable to the united states of half liala a century ago it too has its west but it Is a vest strikingly different from the ille plains country of central north Norih america the equator crosses northern brazil and more than nine tenths of the huge country lies iles within the tropics I 1 brazils byest est consists for he most part of a dene den e tropical forest A veritable ocean of 0 verdure rich in hard woods and rubber trees into nils mils largely undeveloped country stretches the broad ania amazon and add its tributaries tributa ries up which ocean vessels steam for 1000 miles as though ocean steamers in out mt own country could steam up tile the mississippi and ohio past cincinnati river steamers ascend the main streams for another 1000 miles and run up numerous tributaries tributa ries for several hundred miles the possession of tills this great amazon waterway had and its network of tributaries tributa ries greatly cheapens transportation in brazil in romp comparison arlson with a country in which dependence must be placed largely on railroad heart of brazil Is southeast in addition to its northern forests brazil lias has a prairie country in its middle besk wei the south central potion of the country lying ieng north of par nguan imd and ei extending tending northward into the hill country lurge large bierds nerds of cuttle are grazed and there Is 18 room for greit great expansion of the industry th the southeastern edge dge of brazil p paradoxically or Is the heart of the country the white population numbering probably between bw and Is largely concentrated in the region of temperate almate in the southern coastal highlands which extend inland 2200 to boo miles this region includes the states of RIO klo braide graide do sol santa VAt Ilarina parana sao paulo alto de Jan janeiro elro esperito santo and illanas gerads northward along the coast li is brazils block black belt where negro ex slaves and their descendants ardmore are inore numerous than elsewhere in the country inland j are the indians indiana many of then them uncil brazils temperate region along the south atlantic coast Is the region to which manufacturing enterprise Is ii largely confined lust as it was to our awn north atlantic antle toast a halt half century ago As AB yet plays only an unimportant part in the coun arys life lout textile factories tan inn berles and meat pricking plants as well us as various other industrial estan are are on the increase tills this portion of brazils gnap Is peppered with citius and joam and Is 1 covered with a e loge close network of it ls Is bif iff chiq till delightful region of hiat Is developed the count rys chief indu industry try coffee growing lv Thou thousands sandA of aqua squa e miles il are re covered by the orchards of broes which make braill the formost acm coffee pro ducine country in pe tie world brazil Is not backward in rall railroad road construction haying miles of track yet so vast Is the country that I 1 railway construction seems barely begun brazil has yet to build its transcontinental lines with a single exception the railroads are confined toa to a belt along the const coast from to ao miles deep the exception esthe Is the road extending from the port ot of santos Sontos miles vest Nyard to porto emper esperanca an c a on the paraguay river rio nio de janeiro capital of brazil in which the exposition celebrating the centenary of brazilian independence Is to be held has il population between a million and a million and a galfand half hal fand and la is therefore one of the greatest of cities it shares roughly with vienna osaka peking dankow and calcutta Calcut tn the rank of tenth city of the world in south america it Is surpassed in size only by buenos aires set in a series of valleys backed and all but encircled by like hills clod clad ina in a riot of tropical vegetation and with a magnificent harbor at its ats feet RW de janeiro Is one of the mo roost st ful many travelers assert the most beautiful of the cities of tile the world mans liand land ana helped nature in bringing about tills HA beauty broad boulevards rim the deep crescents of the harbor and the rough picturesque adjoining coast one of the most famous of botanical gardens lias has been created und and avenues are lined by towering cairns while stately buildings aresee are set in spacious parks As multicolored and varied in beauty as aa the butterflies of 0 tile the tropics Is the alie of one no recent to 16 tile the metropolis of 0 brazil in splendor of hue an and d setting this great city of the south Is unrivaled the world over here granite peak and turquoise sea tropic forest and rainbow tinted town meet and harmonize tills this my city of lure terraces up from a glorious bay baythe the bay of guanabara guanabana Gua mountain encircled isle bejeweled prom from the shore where parks and boulevards are fast crowding out the old rio illo of narrow streets rise forested hills on whose slopes tile the lovelier portion of the lie city lies iles rio seen from the mountains to see rio nio at its best and loveliest one must go to these mountains that tower over the city turning bayward one looks down through a frame ot of tangled vines and branches onto the treetops tree tops of the sloping virgin forest for far below set in verdure gleams tile kaleidoscopic city with its crescent shores in numerous crescents the i creaming sea meets tile the beaches T orilona santa kuzla lapa Gl alaria aria flamingo botafogo Bota fogo togo permellia Ver mellia the bay set in its amphitheater of hills sparkles like it a sapphire boand iro fro among tile ships at anchor ply the busy paddle wheel terry ferry bouts boats to the islands mid and to Nie theroy the little sister city across the way in the distance tower the blue spires of the lofty bofty organ mountains one looks down on titanic granite mountains rising theer from the spa sea where there Is baliv baby lenla and flat topped gaven like a great sail unfurled between them ito attos suburban benches lerne cap acab itria lealor in a glistening chain their white villas nestling bet between weert till and abhor the avenida Athin tica which connects con necta them Is equaled only by boulevards along tile the mediterranean on one I 1 e can motor from the city to these beaches and on to ehver over a new road cut in tile rock high above the sen sea climb to the divide at tijuca an and drop town down on the bay side of the range to his starting place in the city a wonder circuit of forty miles or more diore RIO illo grande illos finest thorough thoroughfare faro wast was hand made after the city had attained practically Us its present extent in 1004 it was decided to carve this great modern avenue out of the city over COO being sac N the avenue more than a nillo nille in iii length and so wide that it consists of twi tw distinct boulevards separated by a row of shade blinde trees Is thronged thron ged day anil night with automobiles the sidewalks the widest tile the traveler Is likely to find in all hla his world travels are of black blach and whito stun brunai brunei eg laid in mosaic designs like alho those in vogue la ift lisbon floth stones and i wre were brought from portugal hut but similar p pavement ment constructed ted inter brother lc other parts ot of tho the city are arc homo ionic made I 1 I 1 I 1 |