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Show , NEW MEXICO MEXICO"WHERE "WHERE WHERE " HISTORY BEGAN IN AMERICA Note This Is mother another In InUle InUie ( Editor Ed.Jtor EdJtor . s s Ule Story ot o ( the States St&tes Sttes & scries series ) By EDWARD EMERINE EMERINEWNV EMERINEWNU WNV WNU Features FeaturesIt FeaturesIt It s a new land a new state statethe statethe the foit\ foit forh foitseventh \ seventh star m In Old OldGlory OldGlory Glory Soar o\ o 0\ 0 oer 0er \ er its prImItIve prImItIvemountams primitivemountains mountams and spiral down to toa toa a fine modern airport at AI Albuquerque buquerque Or drive over Its Itssmooth itssmooth , smooth newly oiled hIghways hIghwaysthat highwaysthat that are straight as arrows arrowsacross arrowsacross across the plains plams and serpen serpentme serpentine tme in m the moun mountains tams Note Notethe Notethe the amount of building buddmg gomg gomgonevery goingon on-every on every - every kind kmd of construetion construe construetIonneW tIon-neW tIon neW - new houses new stores storesnew storesnew new . an ports new irrigation IrrIgatlon New Mexico is new fast progres progresslve progressive slve It Is a land of o ( young men and andbrave andbrave brave hearts bearts It is twentieth cen centUI centuo tUI " ) America at its best . . New Mexico is old-mucb old mucb old - much older olderthan olderthan than the wrinkled wrmkled Indian squaw squawwho squawwho who peddles trinkets trmkets at the Santa Fe Festahon Festation stahon When the Indians first came cameto cameto to the tbe Southwest is still a secret secretthat secretthat that archeologists and ethnologIsts ethnologIstshave ethnologistshave have been unable to learn learnBut learnBut But at the Ume bme William WJlliam the Con Conqueror Conqueror the theIndians theIndians queror was invading JDvadmg England Indians were ere in the r golden age of ofpueblo ofpueblo pueblo construct on " , which hlcb began in in900 900 A D and flourished for 300 300i ) ears Ruins Rums of these immense unmense com commumty cornmumty mumty dwellings often containmg containingas containmgas as many as 1 200 rooms still may maybe maybe be seen-in seen in seen - in New Mexico Yes IDS IDStory history tory began in m America long before beforeColumbus beforeColumbus Columbus was born ' Tnrbnient TnrbnJent History II1story HistoryThe The Spaniards first came in 1536 1536nd 1536and and nd in ID 1540 Coronado ruthlessly con conquered conquered quered the Indians looted their theircountry theircountry country wrote his deeds in blood bloodThe bloodThe The first permanent white settle settlement settlement ment was made at San Gabriel Gabnel In in1598 1598 by Juan de Ornate a gentle gentleand gentleand and peaceful man l\ew l ew \ ew MexIco MexIcohad Mexicohad had its first governor in 1609 and andSanta andSanta Santa Fe the cap tal was found founded founded ed in 1610Larger 1610 1610Larger Larger and larger grew the vol volume vollime ume of history The Ind ans werefinally ere erefinally finally crushed crusbed m 1692and 1692 and in m that thatSpaDlsh thatSpanish SpaDlsh ' \ iictory ICtOry was lo't lot lo.t ' . the most mostpreClOU mostpreciou preClOU . , records America Amenca ever had hadThe hadThe The resolution re.oluhon reoluhon . of 18 182 ' ' 2 gave Mex co cober coher ber freedom from Spa n and opened openedthe openedthe the gates to commerce w . th the theUruted theUnited Uruted States StatesThe The trail was opened from St StLouIs StLouis LouIs to tar off Santa Fe and andmerchandise andmerchandise merchandise flowed westward westwardthe westwardthe the returning returmng wagons well filled filledwith Ith fold gold and other valuablesGeneral valuables iGeneral General Kearny entered Santa SantaFe SantaFe Fe in 1846 and took possession possessionfor possessionfor for the United Umted States StatesThe The Atchison AtcIDson Topeka and Santa SantaFe SantaFe Fe ra railroad road reached the country m1879 m 1879 and opened it up to the world worldDevelopment worldDevelopment Development was S\\ S swift St \ t and m 1912 1912New 1912New New Mexico MeJ\.lco MeJ.lco MeJ .lco lco \ . became a stateNew state stateNew New Mexico is one of the Rocky RockyMountam RockyMountain Mountam states and that which IS ISnot isnot not mountainous mountamous is a lofty plateau LONG THIE TJ\IE TJ IE : \ LEADER Slbce Sihce1910 1910 when he served as the young youngest youngest est member of the historic conven conventlon convention tlon " , which hlCh wrote the state s con conshtution constitution shtution Thomas J \ Mabry I\Iabry I Iabry has hasbeen hasbeen been a leader in lD New \ Meinco l\IeXlco l IeXlco A Anative Anative native of Kentucky he came to tothe tothe the territory m lD 1907 He lie studied studiedlaw studiedlaw law at University Umverslty of New l\Ie\.lco lIe.lco l Ie .lco lco lIe.lcopracticing \ Mexicopracticing ' \ . practicing at Albuquerque SlDce since1915 1915 He Be served oerved ; as district at attorney at- at attorney - torney district judffe Judge state su supreme suprcme preme court judge and chief JUs JUsbce jusice bce ( prior to his election as gov governor ffovernor ernor in 1946 lie Be " was "as as , maugurated naugu naugurated rated for his first term January 1 11917 11917no 1947no 1947 no part of which is less than 3 000 000feet feet above sea level The alt tude tudeof of Santa Fe is 6 998 and Albuquer Albuquerque Albuquerque que m the middle of the state IS is5 5 008 feet above the sea Cerro CerroBlanco CerroBlanco Blanco peak is 14 269 feet high highHealthful Healthful BealthfnJ Climate Clunate ClimateThe ClunateThe The climate cl1mate is dry and healthful healthfullew healthfulNew l\ew l ew \ Mexico is a resort tor for those thoseafflicted thoseafflicted afflicted afflicteduth \ with \uth uth pulmonary troubles troublesHeaJest troublesHeaviest Hea\Jest Hea Jest ' \ precipitation is at Carls Carlsbad Carlsbad bad with an average of 22 42 mches inchesa mchesa a year Owing O.mg Omg . to the dryness of ofthe ofthe the atmosphere the heat is never neveroppressl neveroppressne oppressl\ oppressl oppressle \ e and the nights are al alwa alwa wa > ) s cool The average number numberof of rainy ramy or sormy stormy * days a ) ear IS ISonly isonly only 40Indians 40 40Indians Indians cowboys Spanish speak speakmg speaking mg people golden sunsets roman romanhc romantic hc nights mghts prehistoric prehlstonc rums scarsot scars scarsof , of an older civilization clvll1zatIon the nch nchI nchopportun richopportun I opportun t es of the the present - aU aUttese alltrese ttese and more are New Mexico s sattractIOns sattractions attractIOns to the thousands of peo peopIe peopie pIe who make it a must on their theirtours theirtours tours One visit is not enough so sothey sothey they come back again agam and aga n nfor nfor for there is much to see much to tolearn tolearn learn much to speculate upon-and upon and uponandmany upon - andmany many hours mhlCh in m \ which \\hlCh hlCh \ to dreamThere dream dreamThere There are the desert the plams plamsand plainsand and the mountains mountams There are p ne neoak neoak oak jumper birch maple and dozens doz dozens ens of other trees Pmon and ce cedar cedar dar are abundant in m the footlulls footlullsAlong foothillsAlong Along theater the water \\ater ater \ courses cotton\\oods cotton oods cottonoodsalso cotlonwoodsalso \ \ also grow along with wl1h willo vs and andsycamores andsycamores sycamores In the mountain mountam val valIe valleis Ie ) s are nutritious nutntlous grasses and andcattle andcattle cattle and sheep graze in m content contentment contentment ment Bear deer mount mountain am lions hons wildcats ' ind 'lnd lnd antelope aje aIe found in inthe Inthe the moun mountains tams and jackrabbits coy coyotes coyotes otes and prairie pralne dogs are common commonon commonon on the plains plams plainsThere There was Irrigation hi in NewMexico Ncw NcwIlexlco I\lexlco I lexlco \ centuries centunes ago as evi evidenced evidcnccd denced by remains of ancient ancientditches ancientditches ditches Dams arc are built now to tohold tohold hold the flood waters Artesian Artesianwells Artesianwells wells add dd their How fiow to the thirsty thirstyland thirstyland land Crops and orchards that thatcould thatcould could never survive with only onlynatural onlynatural natural rainfall now thrive in inscores Inscores scores of New \ Mexican l\Iexican l Iexican areas areasFarming Farmmg and stock raising are arethe arethe the main mam pursuits of the peop1e peop1eAmong peopleAmong Among the crops grown are maIze maIzecotton maizecotton cotton corn barley and oats Vege Vegetables Vegotables tables and fruits as well as al alfaUa altalfa faUa have shown increases mcreases in re recent recent cent years Source of ot FoodMany Food FoodMany Many of the sheep fattened for formarket formarket market on Iowa Ioa " , and Nebraska Nebraskafarms Nebraskafarms farms came from New Mexico Mexicowhere Mexicowhere where the Ind ' ins 'lns lns and v . whites hltes raise raisethem raisethem them by the million ' Add to that thata thata a m million l10n cattle and New Mexico be becomes becomes comes a source of food fooa for a large largepart largepart part of America Amenca Dairying Dalrymg is isconstantly isconstantly constantly expanding expandmg in the state stateand stateand and poultry I is adding addmg its wealth tothe to tothe the landLIke land landLike Like all mountainous mountamous states New NewMexIco NewMexico MexIco is rich nch in mineral mlDeral resources resourcesGold resourcesGold Gold s silver vor copper lead 2 z nc ncand ncand and coal are among its Important Importantmme importantmine mme products Potash which was wasscarce wasscarce scarce and critical in m the United UnitedStates UnitedStates States dur ng World War I now IS ISmmed ismined mmed m New Me Mei ' ! : co where wbere there thereIS thereis IS an unl mited mlled supply Iron Ironsalt Ironsalt salt gypsum clay soda ochre ochremIca ochremica mIca marbl " molybdenum tung tungsten tungsten sten vanadium turquoise garnets garnetsopals garnetsopals opals and other minerals mmerals are scat scattered scattered tered throughout the stateWith state stateWith With n the past few years mllllon millionsof $ of people have become conscIOus conscIOusof consciousof of New Mexico s scenic sceDlc and recre recreatJonal recreatlonal atJonal attractions Carlsbad Cav Caverns Caverns erns has been made a national park parkNatIOnal parkNational NatIOnal monuments include mclude Aztec Aztecrums Aztecrums rums Bandolier Bandel1er Capulm mountam mountamChaco mountainChaco Chaco canyon El Morro G Gila a clill clilldv.ellmgs clifEdwellings dv.ellmgs dvellmgs . Gran Qui\ira Qui ira QUl\Jra QUl Jra ' \ \ and White WhiteSands WhiteSands Sands Bottomless Lakes Conchas ConchasDam ConchasDam Dam and Hyde are state parks parksLure Lure Sport Fans FansWmter FansWinter Wmter sports areas for those who whoIJke wholike IJke skiing shlmg are Red river nver Hyde HydeState HydeState State park Big Tesuque SandIa SandIamountam Sandiamountain mountam El EI Rito Rllo Aqua PIedra PIedraMcGaffey PiedraMcGaffey McGaffey Cedar Creek and Cloud Cloudcroft Cloudcroft CloudcroftThere croft There are 18 different diffE'rent ' places placeswhere placeswhere where Indian pueblos may be beseen beseen seen from Acoma to Ziini ZUDl In Indlan Indian dlan reservations include Jlca Jlcarlila Jicanlla rlila Apache \ Mescalero I\lescalero I lescalero Apache ApacheNavajo ApacheNa.va.io ApacheNava.io ApacheNavaio Navajo . . and Southern Ute UteThere UteThere There are natural ice caves near nearGrant nearGrant Grant natural hot springs sprmgs Kit Car Carson Carson son s ca\ ca cae \ ' e the oldest church in m the theUmted theUnited Umted States at Santa Fe Puyecl Puye Puyecl cl ft ff d vellers yellers and the Santa Rita Ritaopen Ritaopen open p pt t copper mines mmes near S SlierCity her herCity City in m New Mexico too if the otber otbersights othersights sights fail fall to please ' The Land of Enchantmentsays Enchantment says saysthe saysthe the Ne v Mexico state highway de department department partment And so do thousands of ofothers ofothers others n'Y// n'Y nY n'Yr < ' / ' ? / , r / ' ' " " ' _ / \ 4 < j LA"D LAD " 01 ' ENCUA"T\IENI ENCUA"T ENCUAT IENI " ! \ : Scenic and hIstoric wonders abound within the boundaries of New MeJ\.1co MeJ.1co MeJ .1co 1co Top panel shows a view of White Sands at sunset Typical of the ethereal \ . magmficence of Carl < ; bad Caverns Na-ilonal Na ilonal - park arc TWlD Domes and Giant Stalagmites leU ( center ) Carrying out the pueblo type of archltec ture " , Wch predominates at New I\lexico I lexico \ university the original Women s dormitory is still in use ( right center rightcenter ) The Kiva or religious ceremonial hou e In the plaza of San lidefonso Is shown In the lower panel pueblo north of Santa I'e Ie ' |