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Show . NA NATIONAL TIONAL TIONALAFFAIRS AFFAIRS AFFAIRSReviewed NATIONALAFFAIRS NATIONALAFFAIRSReviewed Reviewed by 1y byCARTER 1yCARTER , CARTER FIELD FIELDPutting FIELDPutting Putting Puttmg higher hrgher duties dutres on onimports onimports 1m imports ports from Germany Germanyntalies Germanymakes mahe5 ntalies competition compeUt1on conipetttion withGermany fVrth with withGermany Germany in rn South Amerlca America Americamore Americamore more difficult dllJicult . . Real battie bat battie tIe over neutrality legisiatim legrsla legisla legislaturn tum turn looms in rn congress . .Opposition Opposition . Opposltron Opposition to President's Presidents President'sdesire President'sdesire Presidentsdesire ' ' desIre for power to settle settleour settleour our uhole fhole whole ! , foreign forclgn policy polrey lS is isstrong isstrong strong strongin in CongressWASHINGTON congress congressWASHINGTON WASHINGTONActlOn WASHINGTONAction WASHINGTON -ActlOn ActlOn -Action Action - Action ol of the ad admInIstration administration administration mInIstration in putting puttmg higher du duties duties duties ties against agamst German products cu curlously curiously cunously rlously riously enough makes lust 1ust just that thatmuch thatmuch thatmuch much more d difficult Ilcult the underlymg underlying underlymgscheme underlyingscheme underlyingscheme scheme tor for giving glvmg the Reich fierce fiercecompetition fiercecompetition fiercecompetition competition m In the South American Americanmarkets Americanmarkets Americanmarkets markets one Important step toward towardwhich towardwhich towardwhich which was taken during durmg the recent recentVISIt recentvisit recentvisit VISIt to Washington Washmgton of ot Oswaldo Ar Arsl Aranha Aranha sl anha 1a Brazil s foreign torelgn mmlsterPerhaps minister mmlster ministerPerhaps ministerPerhaps Perhaps the best way to illustrateit 11Iustrateit 11Iustrate illustrate it is to cite the case of ot RumanIa RumanIaprIor Rumaniaprior Rumaniaprior prIor to the present threat agamst against agamsther againsther againsther her political integrity mtegrlty Rumania pro produces produces produces duces wheat and oil in abundance abundancethough abundancethough abundancethough though not as much of either as asGermany asGermany asGermany Germany needs Germany is eager eagerto eagerto eagerto to take these products and has been beentakmg beentaking beentaking takmg taking them paying paymg in m aski askl marks marksmeanmg marksmeaning marksmeaning meanmg meaning that Rumania had to take takeber takeher takeher ber her pay in m products bought mSlde inside mSldeGermany insideGermany insideGermany insideGermanyWhy Germany GermanyWhy Why aski askl asks marks7 marks ? ' The answer to tothat tothat tothat that is the answer to many other otherquestions otherquestions otherquestions questions involving mvolvmg Germany and andwhIch andwhich andwhich whIch will continue to be perpleJl perplek perpleking perplexing . mg ing unless Germany obtains obtams the theUkraIne theUkraine theUkraine UkraIne some of ot o1 her former col colon colon colon on es and perhaps some oti all oil er ter terrltory territory terntory rltory ritory Only wren wi-en wi en w - en Germany is eco econom econom econom nom cally tally sufficientlthm sufficient \ within \\lthm lthm ttithm \ herseIf- herseIf herself- herself herself herselfis herseIfIS - is able to supply all her needs from fromher fromher fromher her own terrltory-wll1 terrltory wll1 territory-will territory will territory - will the need for forakl forasks fora a-kl a kl asks < - ki marks or something somethmg to accom accompI accompl accompi pI pl sh the same results be endedII endedIf ended endedIt IIorId It II If \ world \\orId orId trade were normal today todaythis todaythis todaythis this \ would ould not be true Germany Germanydemonstrated Germanydemonstrated Germanydemonstrated demonstrated before the outbreak outbreakof of the World war that she was wasvery wasvery wasvery very efficient at sell ng her goods goodsabroad goodsabroad goodsabroad abroad Today herorkers her workers \\orkers orkers \ are areounderpaid -ounderpaid ounderpaid - o ounderpaid ounderpaid underpaid andorked and \ worked \\orked orked such long longhours longhours longhours hours that she would proe pro\e pro e prose % \ an 1m im 1mposs imposs imposs poss ble competitor in m manufac manufactured manufactured manufactared tured goods w th Britain Brltam and of ofcourse ofcourse ofcourse course the United StatesMany States StatesMany Many Quota Quora Restnctlon Restrictions RestrictionsAs . ! As W rf rfell Well ell ellas as Higher Tariffs Tanffs TariffsBut TariffsBut But world trade condit ons are not notnormal notnormal notnormal normal There are all a11 sorts of quota quotarestrict quotarestrict quotarestrict restrict ons as well as tariff dut es esfar esfar esfar far beyond an anything ) thmg known before beforethe beforethe beforethe the World war On top of this there therehas therehas therehas has been another growing growrng menace menaceto menaceto menaceto to German exports-the exports the exports - the Hull reclp recap reclprocal recaprocal reciprocal rocal trade agreements For ex example example example ample when the Un led ted States made madeIts madeits madeits Its trade agreement with Czecho Czechoslovak Czechoslovak CzechoSlovak slovak a some tune tIme back the sub substant substant subslant stant al reductions of duties duhes therem therein theremappl thereinappi thereinappi appl appi ed to every other nation m in the theworld theworld theworld world except those not on the most mostfavored mostfavored mostfavored favored nat on hst lIst Under the new newagreements newagreements newagreements agreements agreementsIth Mth \\Ith Ith with \ Britain Brltam and Can Canada Canada Canada ada th s differential against agamst Ger Germany Germany Germany many was magnified for Germany Germanyis Germany1s IS 1s not on the lIstThe listThe list listThe The result of this trade barrier barrierellmmat barriereliminat barrierehmmat ellmmat eliminat ng rig program of Cordell Hull Hulltherefore Hulltherefore Hulltherefore therefore has been to gradually graduallyt t ghten a strangling stranglmg grip gnp on Ger Germany Germany Germany many s economic throat Aski Askimarks Askimarks Askimarks marks is one of the devices to meet meetthIS meetthis meetthis thIS threat Germany wants coffee coffeeand coffeeand coffeeand and cotton from Brazil Brazil BraZlI wants wantsa a number of products which Ger Germany Germany Germany many can supply but which she shemight shemight shemight might buy equally well from the theUmted theUnited theUnited Umted United States or Britain But the theUnIted theUnited theUnited UnIted States cannot increase to any anyextent anyextent anyextent extent her consumption of Brazilian Braziliancoffee Braziliancoffee Braziliancoffee coffee and does not want any of ofher ofher ofher her cotton So aski askl marks force forceBrazil forceBrazil forceBrazil Brazil to do that particular buyrng buying buyingm buyrngIn buyingin In Germany GermanyThe The complication of the problem problemjust problemjust problemjust just produced by the United Umted States Statesaction Statesaction Statesaction action in boosting boostmg the duties on Ger German German German man products Is that the German Germanproducts Germanproducts Germanproducts products which have been findingmarket finding findmg a amarket amarket market in m the United Umted States must mustobviously mus musobviously mustobviously t obviously go elsewhere if Germany German Germanis Germanyis Y is to continue contmue getting the Imports import Importsruch importwhich importswhich s \\ruch ruch which \ those particular exports have havebeen havebeen havebeen been buying OOYIDg So she will be forced forcedto force forceto forcedto d to redouble her efforts to force them themon the theon themon m on Latin AmericaPresident America AmericaPresident Pre President ldent Wants Poner Pouer Potter , to toDirect toDirect Drect Direct , Our Foreign Policy PolicyA neutralityleg A real battle over the neutralIty neutralit neutralitleg y leg station slatIon with both the President Presiden Presidentand Presidenand Presidentand t and the extreme isolation sts want wantmg wanting wanting mg ing to amend the present law 1D 1Dhighly i ihighly inhighly n highly confl confi con ctmgays ctmg chug \ ways \\ays ays looms on onCap o oCap onCap n Cap ol 01 of H HU HUDer II ll IIDcr llDer Der Dcr Tag still waits walts around the thecorner th thcorner thecorner e corner It didn dldn t happen this time timeEthiopia timeEthiopia timeEthiopia Ethiopia Spain Spam Austria Munich Munichand Manic Manicand Munichand h and finally the d ssolution ssolullon of Czech Czccho a o - - s ov ovate : la to each made its crIsIs but buteach buteach each passed leaving leavrng each tune tIme a alIttle alittle alittle lIttle more fear tear a little more eer cer eertamty certasnty certainty tamty tasnty that war was coming eommg Bach Each Bachv.hlle Eachwhile Eachwhile v.hlle vhlle while . scaring scarmg the world to death re revives revives revivcs vives all the old Issues and bitter bitterness bitterness bitterness ness wh ch were fought over when whenthe whenthe whenthe the original angInal neutral ty law was en enacted enacted enacted acted two years ago-Isolat ago Isolat ago - - isolat on ver versus versus versus sus collect ve ye security-trade security trade security - trade ver versus versus versus sus neutrahty-natlonal neutrahty natlonal neutrality-national neutrality national neutrality - - national pride pnde ver versus versus versus sus internal rnternat mternat onal anal peaceThe peaceThe peace peaceThe The present act satisfies no one oneof oneof oneof of the spec al groups and Interests Interestsmvolved interestsinvolved interestsinvolved mvolved involved A strong minority minonty in con congress congress congress gress feels that it gives the Pres Presi President Prcsident ! dent too much power in rn leaving leavrng to tohis tohis tohis his discretion dlscrctIon the declarat on of a astate astate astate state of war which declaration declarallon de termlnes termines whether the embargoes embargoesand embargoesand embargoesand and other restrictions become effec effectlve effectrue efleclive tlve true tlvelnd and /lnd lnd / whenPresident whenPresident when whenPresident President Roosevelt maintains malntams the thepresent thepresent thepresent present law ties his hinds h'lnds hlnds " ' too close closely closely closely ly thinks thmks he should have the power powerto powerto powerto to pick and choose between be1Jlg bellig be1Jlgerents belligerents belligerents erents to embargo a commodity to toone toone toone one fighting fightin . ! ; nation and not to the theother theother theother other to have power to dctcrm detcrm ne newhat newhat newhat what articles shall be classified asI aswar as aswar I . war ar suppl supples es In short-power short power short - - power to tosettle tosettle tosettle settle our whole foreign policyThe policyThe policy policyThe The policy pOhcy of the admmlstratIon administration administrationand admmlstratIonand and of o1 the state department since since1914 1914 for that n- n IT nalter natter - alter atter regardless of ofthe ofthe ofthe the political polillcal label of the occupant occupantof of the White Wh1te House has been that thatUnited thatUnited thatUnited United States Interests are closely closelyakm closelyakin closelyakin akm akin to those of Britain Britam and France FranceThe FranceThe FranceThe The President feels keenly that this thiscountry thiscountry thiscountry country s dangers are Increased in inalmost inalmost inalmost almost direct ratio as the dangers dangersof of the two big western Europe de democracies democracies democracics mocracies become more menacmg menacing menacmgThis menacingThis menacingThis This is a long range view held by bymany bymany bymany many Americansntelligent Americans AmericansIntelligent Intelligent ntelligent i Solution of ofProblem ofProblem Problem Is Not CxpectedButcongress Expected Cxpected ExpectedBut But-congress But congress But - congress will not go along alongwith alongwith alongwith with the President on this It will willnot willnot willnot not importantly Increase his dlscre discre dlscretion discretion discrelion tion lion in m neutrality administrationThe admmlstratlonThe admmlstratlon administration administrationThe The little group led by Senators Ben Bennett Bennett Bennett nett Champ dark Clark and Gerald Nyethat Nyethat Nye Nyethat \that that \ that wants v.ants vants . to deprive him h1IIl of all d s scretIon scretion scretion cretIon cretIon111 will \\111 111 \ not make any gamsBut gainsBut gains gams gainsBut \But But \ But neither will the larger group grouphlch groupwhich groupwhich \\hlch hlch which \ believes the best interests mterests of ofthe ofthe ofthe the country can be served only by byallowmg byallowing byallowing allowmg allowing more d scretion scretlOn to the theWhIte theWhite theWhite WhIte House Too many members membersof of congress are conv cony need nced that d s scret scret scret cret onary decisions after the out outbreak outbreak outbreak break ofa of a war m in Europe must m in mvolve invalve involve volve valve side taking takrng hence may m in mvolve involve involve volve the United Umtcd States in m the can con canfuct confiict conflict conflictIt fuct fiict fuctIt fiictIt It is argued in defense of dlscre discre dlscretlon discrelion discretion tlon lion for the President that a man mandatory mandatory mandatory datory law embargoing embargomg sh pments pmentsto to belligerents with an even hand handIS handis handis IS anything anythmg but neutral works gross grossinjustice grossnjustice grossinjustice injustice njustice i As in Spain Spam against agamst the theloyal theloyal theloyal loyal stsAnythmg stsAnything sts stsAnything Anything Anythmg can come out of the neu neutrallty neutrality neutrality trallty trality situation on Capitol H 11IVaslungton II 11 IIWashington Washington WasJungton IVaslungton Stag DinnersGenerally Dznners Dinners DinnersGenerally Generally Misunderstood MisunderstoodFew Few th ngs in 1D Washington Washmgton are so sogenerally sogenerally sogenerally generally misunderstood as some of ofthe ofthe ofthe the b g stag d nners wh ch occur at atregula atregular atregular regula regular r mten inters intervals als-four als four - four of or them an annually annually annually nually and one twice a yearFor year yearFor yearFor For instance mstance the annual wallow wallowof wallowof wallowof of the Military Order of the Cara Carabao Carabao Carabao bao The average citizen wouid would wouidnever wouldnever wouldnever never have heard about these wal wallows wallows wallows lows it J1 if it had not been for WII Wil Wil1 1 am Jenmngs Jennings Bryan When the theCommoner theCommoner theCommoner Commoner was secretary of state statehe statehe statehe he discovered that a line Ime in m one of ofthe ofthe ofthe the songs which the Carabao were wereto wereto wereto to sing at their dinner dmner read CIVI Civa Civi1 1 ze them with a Krag meamng meaning meaningof meamngof of course the rifle tlfie which was regu regular regular regular lar army equ pment during durmg the Ph 1 1Ipp 1ipp 1ipp Ipp ne insurrect msurrect onThis on onThis onThis This gave the country the not on onone onone onone one it still entertains entertams \ when hen it thmks thinks thmksabout thinksabout thinksabout about the Carabao at all that the themembers themembers themembers members are a bunch of or fire eaters eaterswho eaterswho eaterswho who would like hke to apply Japanese Japaneseconquest Japaneseconquest Japaneseconquest conquest methods in m the islands Ac Actually Actually Actually tually the only thing thmg on wh ch the theorgamzatIon theorganization theorganization orgamzatIon organization seems to be agreed |