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Show A Herdof Herd of Pigs 'Saw Saw ' America Fust F1st Fiist F 1st ' When WhenThey WhenThey WhenThey They ' Toured 'Toured ' With WithDe De Soto Soto400 400 Years Ago Four hundred years ago tlus this tlusyear thisyear thisyear year a herd of pigs went on aSee aSee a aSee See America Amenca First tour Un UnlIke Unlike Unlike lIke later tourists tounsts who go because becausethey becausethey becausethey they want to these early tour tourIStS tourfists tourists IStS fists \ went s \ ent because they had to toThey toThey toThey They were driven dnven and they prob probably probably probably ably went none too willingly Be Bethat Bethat Bethat that as it may the record of theIr theIrcrosscountry theircrosscountry theircross-country theircross country cross-country cross country - - journey from the theEverglades theEverglades theEverglades Everglades in m Florida Flonda to the theOzarks theOzarks theOzarks ' Ozarks m In Arkansas through a athousand athousand athousand thousand wild and hostile miles milesof milesof milesof of forest prairie pralne mountain mountam flood floodswamp floodswamp floodswamp swamp snow and summer heat heatIS heatis IS one of the most amazing amazmg m in mAmellcan inAmeiican inAmeiican Amellcan Ameiican history historyIn I In 1539 Hernando De Soto who whohad whohad whohad had been made governor of Cuba Cubaso Cubaso Cubaso so that he might use that Island Islandas islandas as a base of operations m in con conquenng conquering conquenng quenng quering and colonizing colomzmg Flonda Florida Flondaarnved Floridaarrived Floridaarrived arnved arrived in m Tampa bay with nme nine nmevessels ninevessels ninevessels vessels On board were 600-odd 600 odd 600oddsoldiers 600oddsoldiers 600-oddsoldiers 600 oddsoldiers - - - soldiers 350 horses and 13 hogs hogsthe hogsthe hogsthe the latter being bemg for the use of ofthe ofthe ofthe the colonists colomsts he planned to estab establIsh establash establish lIsh lash on the Florida Flonda peninsula pemnsula or orbeyond orbeyond orbeyond orbeyondHeading beyond beyondHeadmg beyondHeading Heading Headmg northward from the thebay thebay thebay bay De So Soto to s expedItIon expedItIonmarched expeditionmarched expeditionmarched marched slowly onward in m an anamazmg anamazing anamazing amazmg amazing arc of zigzags which wluch re resulted resuited resuited sulted suited m its touching touchmg at least sev seven seven seven en and perhaps U 11 ofour of our present presentsouthern presentsouthern presentsouthern southern states traversing traversmg moun mountams mountarns mountains tams tarns and the great MISSISSIPpI MISSISSIPpInver Mississippiriver Mississippiriver nver river before the weary surVIV surVIVors survivors survivors ors riding ndmg in m boats of their own ownwIlderness ownwilderness ownwilderness wIlderness manufacture and clad cladprmclpally cladprincipally cladprincipally prmclpally principally in m the skins skms of wIld wIldammals wildanimals wildanimals ammals animals were finally to reach reachsafet reachsafet3 reachsafety safet safet3 ) in m Mexico four years later laterAn laterAn laterAn An Amazing Amazmg SIghtAt Sight SightAt SightAt At the start of the expeditIon expeditionin In Florida Flonda and Georgia appar apparently apparently apparently ently on into mto both the CarolInas CarolInasand Carolinasand Carohnasand and seemingly seemmgly over the moun mountams mountarns mountains tams tarns to somewhere near Chatta Chattanooga Chattanooga Chattanooga nooga the moving movmg column must musthave musthave musthave sightFirst have been an amazing amazmg sight FIrst came the armored cavalry cavalryin cavalrym m in its glittering glIttermg splendor behmd behind behmdlImped behindlumped behindlimped lImped lumped the infantry mfantry sore alIke alIkefrom alikefrom alikefrom from battles and blisters wlule while wlulesomewhere whilesomewhere whilesomewhere somewhere between or around aroundthe aroundthe aroundthe the two scampered a squealIng squealIngreluctant squealingreluctant squealingreluctant reluctant treasure of pork-the pork the pork-th th porktherapidly porkthrapidly pork - - therapidly e rapidly herd of ho hogs s -and and - -and and - its herders And from the thehilltops thehilltops thehilltops e hilltops and forests along the way waypeered waypeered waypeered peered savage eyes that hadnev had nev never never never er before beheld horses or pigs pigsor pigsor pigsor or firearms or white skins skms and andthat andthat an anthat d that sometimes ' \ ' isioned 'dSIOned dSIOned the nder nderand ride rideand riderand r and his horse together as a smgle singl smgleshlmng singlshining singleshining e shlmng shining ammalSometImes animalSometimes animal ammal animalSometimes wellfed welfed Sometimes the party was well wel 1 fed by friendly fnendly or frightened fnghtened In IndIans Indians Indians dIans sometimes it was half halfstarved halfstarved halfstarved starved - one such suc.h suc.hOccaSIon suchoccasion . OccaSIon OccaSIonseemmgly occasionseemingly occasionseemingly seemmgly seemingly somewhere in m Georgia Georgiafinally finally thefirst thfirst compelling apparently the th e first dressing dressmg and serving s"fvmg sfvmg " of pork porkm porkin por porin k m in the present contInentalarea continentalare continental area areaof are areof areaof a Eventhen Everthen of the United Umted States (1540) 1540 ( ) Even Ever n then however each man was al allowed lowed only half a poundof pound of meat meal meatper mealper meatper t per day to sustain sustam him until more moregram mor morgrain moregram e gram grain nuts or roots were found foundfor for in general the rapidly grow growmg growing growing mg ing rc reserve rt"erve rterve . " erve of porkwas pork was still be bemg being being mg ing savedwith saved with infnite mfmte mfnite mf nite labor for laborfor the colony that De Sofo Solo hoped hope d ventually eventually < . hopedeventually hopeeventually to foundrrom foundfrom found foundFrom From rrom the Chattanooga Ch.Lttanooga ChLttanooga . . regionthe regmothe region regmo n the apparentlymarched apparentlymarchcd expedition expedltJon apparently apparentl apparentlmarched Y marchcd marched marchcdsouth marchedsouth south\ south souths southwest southest \ s , est into cntral central contra < : 1 Alabama then northwestward northwestwardacross northwestwardacross northwestwardacross across the state of MISSISSIPPI MississippiIn In each of these sections a des desperate desperate desperate perate battle was fought with the thered thered thered red redmen men whose teeming teemmg straw strawvIllage strawvillage strawvillage vIllage the Spaniards Spamards set afire m in ineach meach i ieach each case ( winter wmter of 1540-41) 1540 41) 41 - - - ) but butm butin butm m in the end the invaders mvaders lost in m butI the theflames theflames theflames I flames not only a collection of ofpearls ofpearls ofpearls pearls the only riches nches so far ob obtamable obtamable obtamable tamable but also most of theIr theirammunition theirammunition . ammunItIon saddles and cloth clothing clothing i img mg ing and many horses and all but but100 100 of the hogs ( tne herd had re recently recently recently cently numbered 500)After 500)After 500) 500 500)After ) After a 30 day delay for bwld build bwldmg building building mg ing boats to cross the MISSISSIppI Mississippithe the expedition began a year of ofwandermg ofwandering ofwandering wandermg wandering in m Arkansas ( perhaps perhapsentermg perhapsentering perhapsentering entermg entering Missouri and Oklahoma Oklahomatoo Oklahomatoo too ) finally returning returmng to the thebanks thebanks thebanks banks banksof of the Mississippi with the theplan theplan theplan plan of building bUIldmg ships to return returnto returnto returnto to Cuba for reinforcements remforcements Here HereDe HereDe HereDe De May1542 Soto died however ( May 1542 three years after the land landmg landing landing mg ing at Tampa ) and the hog herd herdnow herdnow herdnow now increased mcreased to 700 was auc auctIoned auctioned auctioned tIoned off among his men who whothus whothus whothus thus ate pork much more often oftenbut oftenbut oftenbut but startedobservmg startedobserving started observing observmg relIgIous religiousholidays religiousholidayst holIdays holidayst holidaystDe ' De Soto s successor Moscoso Moscosoat at first abandoned the plan of a avoyage avoyage avoyage voyage by sea m in favor of the thesupposedly thesupposedly thesupposedly supposedly easier land march to New toNew Spain Spam ( MeXIco MexicoThe ) _ The sum sumtw tw- tw twHsEvi - HsEvi- HsEvi HsEviSi - , < " Si _ < T ! > 3 3w w " ? 3 B S ws " t WV % a . IAV -IA IA - aIA f V L SsL v'JL vJL ' > ! . f ' " " HEKNANDO ERNANDO HERNANDO DC Dr DE : SOTOmer SOTO SOTOmer mer was therefore spent Sn in a av awestward awestward v . westward est ward trekwhich trek whichapparently which apparently apparentlyreached reached halfway ha1f\vay ha1f vay \ across northern Texas northernTexas northernr But the approachof approach ofau of au limitlessTexas tumn autumn aue on the seemingly seemmgly lImItless Texas plains plams sent them trudgmg trudging trudgingback back to the Mississippi to begIn beginbuilding begInbwldmg bwldmg building ships They used the shawls theshawls of the Indian women for forsailb forsail forsails sail sails : . and turnedmto turnedinto turned into mto spikes and andanchors anchors their firearms their cap tlves tives chains chams andsuch and such bits and stIrrups as remained remamed The re mammg manning remaming remammg hogs andmost and most of the sur sir vlvmg vivnng surviving survlvmg sirn horses were turnedmto turnedinto turned mto into meat intomeat mtomeat for the voyage voyageAfter After a desperate - 16-day 16 day l6-day l6 - - battle wIth hostile river Indians theIr mtheir intheir muchsWIfter much swifter m in canoes andafter and after six weeks of feeling feehng theIr way theirway oiound alound around the Texas coast 311 311Itl . hairy Itl TIf E I-L-- I L ILal - * - - * al tsettlement * bemgs beings clothed clothedand and shod m in deerskm deerskin and andclamming claimIng clamming once to have been Spamards Spaniards reached the shelter and welcome of a Spamsh Spanish settlement settlement on the Panuco near rivernear the site of modern Tampicp TamPlco Tampico rIver - Among all the homes of great greatAmencans greatAmericans greatAmericans Amencans Americans which have been preserved preserved pre served as hiStonc historic shrmes shrines Al AAot Monti Monticello Monticello l Aot 1 1cello cello is unique uruque It not only re- re reflects reflects re reflects - of the man manwho manwho manwho flects the personality personal1ty and loved it so somuch somuch somuch who lived bved in it which whichThomas whichThomas whichThomas much but it is a monument Thomas Jefferson literally bterally erect erected erected erected select selected selected selected ed to himself He himself at atWhICh atwhich t twhich peak wooded ed its Site-a Site a site - - a WhICh he as a young man gazed gazedlong g glong gazedlong long and often across the Rlvanna Rivanna Rlvannanver Rivannariver Rivannariver boyhood home at atShadwell atShadwell atShadwell nver river from his lus determined determmed to toestablish toestablish Shadwell He Little LittleMountaIn LittleMountain LittleMountain establIsh his home on the MountaIn some dayUpon dayUpon day dayUpon Upon the death of his father fatherhe fatherhe fatherhe he inherited Inhented the landed estate estatewhich estatewhich estatewhich which lay along both sides of the theRlvanna theRivanna theHivanna Rlvanna Rivanna river nver and in 1770 he bepre be began began gan pregan clearing clearmg the summit andhere and pre preparmg preparing parmg paring Butparing for building bwldmg buildingwas But there here therewas therewas was much to do before actual actualconstruction actualconstruction actualconstruction construction could be begun The Thewhole Thewhole Thewhole whole apex of the mount mountain am had hadto hadto hadto to be removed When this was wasdone wasdone wasdone done there was left an eliptIcal eliptIcalplane elipticalplane elipticalplane plane upon which the bwldmgs buildings bwldmgswere buildingswere buildingswere were to be located The place placewas placewas placewas was named Monticello meamng meaning meaningin meamngIn In Italian Itahan Little MountainIn MountamIn Mountain Mountam In the fall of 1770 the dwellmg dwelling dwellingat dwellmgat at Shadwell burned so that bUild bUildmg building building mg ing began m In earnest at MontI MontIcello Monticello Monticello cello beginning begInnmg the establish establishment establishment establishment ment of an entirely new home homestead homestead homestead stead upon this w wild d and almost almostmaccesslble almostinaccessible almostinaccessible maccesslble inaccessible site But true to his hisVISIOn hisvision hisvision VISIOn the owner ignored the themuch themuch themuch much easier and cheaper process processof processof processof of replacing replacmg the old dwellmg dwelling dwellmgwhere dwellingwhere dwellingwhere where were still the other numer numerous numerous numerous ous buildings bUlldmgs that were then es essentIal essential essential sentIal to a plantatIon-barns plantatIon barns plantatIonbarnsmIlls plantation - barnsmills mIlls slave quarters and stor storage storage storage age houses of many kmds kinds kmdsSelf kindsSelf kindsSelf Self Made ArchItectAt Architect ArchitectAt At that time there were vIrtu vIrtually virtually virtually ally no architects in the country countryand countryand countryand and few skilled workers in m the thebwldmg thebuilding thebuilding bwldmg building crafts So Jefferson took tookup tookup tookup up the study of architecture arclutecture and andarchItectural andarchitectural andarchitectural archItectural drawing GUIdedby Guidedby Guided 'by by ' by his inherent appreciation of ofthe ofthe ofthe the essential elements of fine con constructIon constructron construction structIon structron he taught himself so sowell sowell sowell well that he became his country s soutstandmg soutstanding soutstanding outstandmg outstanding architect of the pe penod penod penod nod He made vast numbers of ofdrawmgs ofdrawings ofdrawings drawmgs drawings for his home and andworked andworked andworked worked out the last details for forevery forevery forevery every part of the structureMore structureMore structure structureMore More than that he selected the thestone thestone thestone stone and timber used in the thestructure thestructure thestructure structure looked after the constructIon constructron con struction structron pf of the brick and the | nails made by his Ius own servants servantsdevIsed servantsdevised servantsdevised devIsed advanced and Ingeruous ingenious IngeruouscontrIvances ingeniouscontrivances ingeniouscontrivances contrIvances for comfort and con convemence convemence convenience vemence designed the decoratIon decorationof of the interior mtenor and personally se selected selected selected lected the furnishings furmshmgs and orna ornaments ornaments ornaments ments He not only planned but butgave butgave butgave gave personal supervision to the thelaymg thelaying thelaying laymg laying out of the various vanous bUIld bUIldmgs buildings buildings mgs ings on the estate the gardens gardensthe gardensthe gardensthe the walks and the roadwaysThough roadwaysThough roadways roadwaysThough . Though architecture arclutecture was only onlya a hobby with Jefferson today he heIS heis heis IS acclaimed a great archItectThe architectThe architect architectThe The exterior extenor of Monticello is m in mthe inthe inthe the Done Donc Doric order of archItecture archItectureThe architectureThe architectureThe The styleA interior mtenor is in m the Ionic Iomc style A portico the full height of the thehouse thehouse thehouse house with stone pillars and steps stepsproJects stepsprojects |