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Show Poland Established Establishedas as asNation asNation asration Nation ration to Reckon Reclon beckon ( With Taking Its Place in Spot Spot- Spotlight Spotlight Spotlight - light ofV of \V V \ World Vorld orld Affairs . WashingtonPoland Washington -Poland Poland - Poland s strate strategic lc positlon po positton positlon sitton sitlon between bet\\een bet een \ Soviet Russia and militant mil milItant milItant Itant Germany brln brings s this thLs aggree aggressle aggressleEuropean aggressiveEuropean ; h % e eIuropelln Iuropelln European : nation natton more and nnd more intothe Into Intothe intothe the spotlight spotll ht of world alTatrs alfalrs affairs alTatrs"Twenty affairs"Twenty "Twenty Twenty 'Twentv Twentv " ' ' years ago the name of or Poland Po Poland Poland land could not ha have ha'e hae \ ' e been found round on any anymap anymap anymap map of : Europe Iurope " says sass sa \ s the NatIonal NatIonalGeographic NationalGeographic NationalGeographic Geographic society "Today Today " It Is the theshth thesixth thesixth shth sixth : largest larg-est larg est - nation natlon In Europe Curope , , with ssith Ith a asteadily asteadily asteadily steadily Incr'ncln Incrncln increasing ( ' ; population populatlon that will willsoon willsoon willsoon soon reach rench 40000 40000000 40000000'Once 000 000'Once 'Once Once ' before befor Poland was n a greatpower great greatpon greatpower pon power er In the Sixteenth C1\teenth C1 teenth Sl : ; ' \ teenth and Seventeenth Seven Seventeenth Seventeenth teenth centuries Its territory e\tended e tended e\.tend e.tend e .tend tend extend e.tended extended \ . ed from a It pointvlthln point \ within \vlthln vlthln fifty miles of ofBerlin ofBerlin ofBerlin Berlin to the meridian merldl'1n merldl1n ' of the Sea of ofA ofAzov ofAzov A Azov ov , and from Crom the Khanate Kh\nate Kh nate ' \ of Crlm Crimea Crimeanearly Crimeanearly ( > a ane1rly ne1rly nearly to the Gulf of Finland 'Inhnd Inhnd Flnlind [ ' In Inthose Inthose Inthose those d'1 d1 davs dais ' \ S Warsaw "ancl\\ "ancl ancl lianas "anclnext " , \ , , next nest to Pana Paris was wasthe wasthe wasthe the most brilliant brllllant city In Europe EuropeDivided EuropeDivided Divided by Powers Powers'Then Powers'Then Then 'Then ' came C'1me C1me cime C'1meeal ' weak \\eal eal steak \ < rulers and Internaldissension Internal Internaldissension Internaldissension dissension that paved pa'fceJ pafceJ ' theay the \ way \ay ay , for forPrusslan forPrussian forPrussian Prusslan Prussian , Russian RLicslan : , , and Austrian Austrlnn c"t ct ex c"tpanslon expansion expanslon " panslon pansion In the three disastrous dlSIletrous ; parU part parUtlons partitlons ) tlons of 17i 1772 1771 . ! . 1793 1703 , and 17'H 17H 179i 171) 171 ) ' ' ) these pow powers powers powers ers divided dlsided dh l 1e < l < Poland Pohnd bet\\ bet between beteen \ \ een them then thenlegall7ed thenlegall7ed thenlegalized legall7ed tlie the proceedings by the congross con congress congress gress of Vienna In 1815 1815'The 'The The * ' The state had ceased to p\Ist p Ist p\lst lst exist \ ' butthe but butthe butthe the people never lost their fierce natlonallsrn na natlonallsm nationalism tlonallsm tionalism After a century centurs ' . and 1.nd 1nd Ind a half halfof halfof halfof of oppression came the proud dav day In inIrovember InNovember ovember Irovember ) 1918 11)18 1118 \ when hen Marshal Marshul Pllsudski Pllsud Pllsudski 81.1 811 ski . returned to Warsaw to be ac acclaimed acclaimed acclaimed claimed is 15 as ' chief of the new . , Independ Independent independeat Independent ent eat Polish state stnte The treaty tre'lty trelty ' of Versallies Ver Versallies Versallies sallies established the western n estern boundarles bound boundarles boundarses arles arses of the new ne\v ne v \ nation and after aserious a aseriollS aserious seriollS serious stru struggle gle with Russia Ruscla ; the east eastern eastern eastcm ern borderVUS border \ was \VUS VUS fi fixed fired ed by the RIga RIgatreatv Rigatreaty Rigatreaty treatv treaty of 1921'Under 1921 Under 'Under 1 ' Pllsudski plIsudekl ; s leadership 1eadershlp Poland Polandhas Polandhas Polandhas has developed rapidly despite tremen tremendous tremendous tremendous dous handicaps Long Lon years ve'1.rs ve1.rs ve1rs veers ' . of fight tight fightIng tighting fightIng Ing had devastated the land RussiaPrussia Russia , Prussia and Austria each left thestamp the thestamp thestamp stamp of Its domination , different llferent systerns aya sys ayatems systerns tems terns of government overnment . , education , and andlaw andlaw andlaw andlaw"The law law"The "TherersallIes "The The " Versailles \rersallIes rersallIes \ treaty trenty ieft left Poland Polandsurround Polandsurrounded Polandsurrounded surround surrounded ( > d by nations jealous of land landthat landthat landthat that had once been theirs Today Todaypeaceful Todaypeaceful Todaypeaceful peaceful relations have been estabIlshed estab estabJlshed estabilshed Jlshed ilshed , particularly with Germany andRussia and andRussia andRussia Russia It Is significant sl nlficant that last yearthese year yearthe.e yearthese the.e thee these : . tn two 0 nations natlons together with Great GreatBritain GreatBritain GreatBritain Britain provided proIded prodded pro\ pro \ Ided the best markets marhets for forPolish forPolish forPolish Polish trade'PIIsnd.J.I trade ' Pllsudski 'PIIsnd.J.I PIIsndJ.I PIIsndJI : . . remains the tbe arbiter and andhero andhero andhero hero of his countryEconomic country countryEconomic Economic Progress Progress"Economic Progress"Economic Progress"Economic "Economic Economic " progress has kept hept stepwith step stepwith with Ith political politic'll politicll ' growth groth gro\\ gro \ th Devastatedareas Devastated Devastatedare'lS Devastatedareas are'lS arelS areas ' ha have hale \ e been reconstructed From Frommarshlnnds Frommarshlands Frommarslilands marshlnnds marshlands to mountains a agriculture agriculturehas agriculturehas rlculture rlculturehas has been brou brought h t back to pre prewar war ar lev rev levels revels levels els I 1 < Factories actorles Idle or destroyed h'1.ve h1.ve h1ve hive h'1.vebecn hivebeen havebeen ' . becn been rehabilitated rehablllt'1ted rehablllt1ted rehablltited ' The currency has bas been stabilized stabi1l7ed stabfired Railway Ratlwny mileage ml1enge hasbeen bas has basbeen hasbeen been Increased , and nnd a n uniform gauge gaugeadopted gaugeadopted gaugeadopted adopted so that rails bind Poland to togetber together together getber gether Instead of ot tearing It apart . . , 'lhe lhe "the the ' "I I " ' he Pole . , whose horsemanship Is Isadmired isadmired Isadmired admired throughout the \ % world % orld , bas has bastaken hastaken hastaken taken to the air nlr with dash and splrtt spirit splrttCaptnln spiritCaptain spiritCaptain Captnln Captain Orllnski OrJlnskl linked Warsaw Wareaw ; withTokyo with withTokyo .fok fok Tokyo ' . ) 0 Colonel RavskI Itayski Ita ) shl circled EuropeIn DuropeIn Durope Europe In the Ihe air . Captain Skarzynski Skar7ynski SI . 1.17 117 ' . ; } nckl ; andlieutenant anel and anellieutenant andIleutenant lieutenant Ileutenant Marklewicz MarkleIC7 Marklessic7 Markle\\ Markle \ IC7 made mnde the tour tourof tourof tourof of Africa In to 1931 The Polish air lIne lineI , lot r ot , covers the whole of c . > eastern astern Iu Eu Iurope Europe : Europe rope from lallinn 'ln1llnn ln1llnn 'lalllnn lalllnn ' to Salonika Salonlka nnd and nndthere andthere andthere there Is a regular Internal service sen Ice be between between between tween Warsaw IVarsaw \ areaw ; and all importantcities Important Importantcities Importantcities cities In 1Q34 1C'H 1CH 1934 ) ' direct service ssas ssasopened wasopened a opened between betneen I ondon london and Warsaw.and Warsawand V ' 'are'l\\ 'are'l arel 'are'land ' arsaw ; ' \ \ . , lopened and Warsaw Wars'lw Warslw IVarsaw ' and Moscow 'Io'cow Iocow 'Io'cow'A Moscow'A ' " ' , 'A A ' A new rall\\ rall railway rallny rafhsay \ \ ny from Upper Silesh Silesi'i Silesii Silesi'ialong Silesiaalong ' 1long along ' the Polish Polleh ; Con Conldor hlor Idor to the ne\\ ne ness nellultlc nessBaltic newBaltic \ ; llultlc Baltic port of Gdvnia Gdrnh assures Poland Poland's Polands Poland'seconomic Poland'seconomic Polandseconomic ' economic freedom In less than a dec tlec dec'HIe tlecode decode 'HIe HIe ode ' a dowdy I fishing cllln ; 'lJIa lJIa ' village e was turned turnedInto turnedinto turncilInto Into a modern city \ whose \ hoee ; harbor can canaccommod'lte canaccommodate canaccommodate accommod'lte accommodlte accommodate ' 'i0 i0 .0 0 ' . O vessels vccsels ; at a time time"lore 1 " ' More "lore lore densely populated than Pennsylvania Penn Pennsylv'lnla [ 'enn enn 'ennsylvania ' sylv'lnla sylvlnla sylvania ' Poland Is still stili an agriculturalnation 'l l ' lhrlculturul lhrlculturulnation rlculturul rlculturulnation nation , and the consequent elastiCity clastlcity elasticityof clastlcityof of Its labor supply the economic eCOnOl11lC Inde rode Independence rodependeace Independcnce pendence pendeace of Its peasants peaeants ; and the mod modesty modesty modesty esty of their needs give JIve : it social sta stablllty stability stablllty blllty bility In spite of or the rapid gro\\ gro growth grotb \ \ tb of ofurban ofurban ofurban urban and Industrial Inductrl'1l Inductrl1l lndustr111 ; ' life'Monotony life'Monotony life life'Monotony 'Monotony Monotony ' Is the keynote b.e be key . note of Polish geography Rolling plains that con connect connest connect nect nest the lowlands lowl\nds lowl nds ' \ of German Germany with the thenusslan theRussian theRussian nusslan Russian plains form Corm the main part ofthe of ofthe ofthe the country Through the central ctntral portlon por portlon portion tlon tion Hows Ilows flows the sluggish Vistula Vistuia Vlstula YetIn Yet YetIn Yetin In the ; south eouth there arc are Id idyllic ) lIIc mountain mountainretreats mountainretreats mountainretreats retreats of rare beauty be'1uty be1uty ' Throu Through h the theunllsual theunusual theunusual unllsual unusual Krakow Kr\1.ow Kr1.ow Kr 1.ow 1ow ' \ . Protocol Poland and andCzechoslo andCzeclioslotakla andCzechoslovakia Czechoslo\ Czechoslo Czechosloakla Czeclioslotakla \ akla a agreed areed , ; reed to turn the thewhole thewhole whole \ \ hole ratry fatry retry mountain fc region lon Into one onesplf onesplendid onesplendid splf splendid . > ndid International park parh-n parh n park-a park a - a buffer bufferpalh bufferpath bufferpaik palh path Instead of a buffer state " |