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Show t.J tJ t.JDesperate , . Desperate Plight of th the ShareQcroppers ShareCroppei's ShareCroppeis ShareQcroppersI ; ' I \ i .t t . > . ' - . . " . "Y Y " M " " ' 1 : " ' > " . , ' " ' < . . , ' * l\4- l 4 ! \ " - . " > - < , . . , ' . } # . < ' i > l4i " . / 1 . " ! . ' , - ) ' n ? ' f4 " " ' . t , ' " ' " . t > tA . /A A ; ' / : . ; ' . iv Q v : " { , . . ' > Af /f f / M ' v va vr . a . i iQ 4- 4 - 4M , > < ) " .t t . t , ( , " , " s : ( . + , ! k kr r , > - - # ' 5 ' r , v p } p.kda . .kda kda . j Above , Southern Cotton Field Top , Loft , Senator Tydings , Right , Senator SenatorBankhead Bankhead Below , Right , Edwin R Embree k oJ oJBy ' By WILLIAM C UTLEYALL UTLEY . TALF ALL ' of nil the f-irmino f irmino farming f'lrmln flrmln ' - . ; In the theUnited theUnited thertc HALP B United States btntes Is done b t > i } ten.s tenant ten .s s . .snnt JL nnt ant antfarmcis farmci farmers s \ Most 1\1ost 1 1ost of tliciu thcm them arein are In Uie the southern states andspite and nnd andpite spite pite pHe theii theh their number'5-thcre number'5 number5 thcre numbers-there numbers there numbers ' - tlicre nl aie ate e somey some y 00,000 00000 0,000 0000 OOOO , of them mostl mostly . } cotton hi firm fiimLS m In 1G IG 16 of these the\c the c ' \ st'ltes-thej st'ltes stltes thej st'itcs-they st'itcs stitcs they st-itcs st itcs ' ' - - the ; h'1\ h'1 h1 lilt hi\e hi e h'1e ' \ e a of ofcome ofe | , come to be re resirdcd reg'trded regtrded 'lr lr ' ' ell as the ' Torr for for"ttcn forten "ttcn ttcn " ten men ' of theew the \ew ew ! \ ? sew Deils Deals De'll Dell Deilsigilculhal ' s 'lgtlcul lgtlcul igitcul igitcul1al ' -igilculhal igilculhal - 1al al espcilmcnting expethnentin experimenting experimentinghey espcilmcntingKhey Khey Kheyire h hey Y ' -ire ire 'lrc lrc - the Sh'll Shll sinie spite ' e croppeis croppel croppers s Ylrtu'll Ylrtull VIrtuil VIrtuililliterate Ylrtu'llIlliterate VirtuilBniStcrate ' ! Illiterate , nCHr neter ne cr ? at any nny time plOS pios piosous piospus | ous In tlie the true sense , tliese thesc these unfor- unfor unforates unfor-n unfor n - | ates ha\e ha e hate hn : \ e In the ' Hst I'lst Ilst list tev fe\\ fe few fee'lrs \ . ; } c-irs c irs e'lrs elrs errs ' - becn been becnced beenKccd 4 4cad ced cad Into circumstanceb c1rcumstance circumstances e\cri e cri every e\ e ecr \ cr ; } bit as aslable astable asliable lable table as ns old time sl:1cr slayers sl:1\ sl:1 sl1 s : \ cr en ; } , , acconUng according accordingg-lnvestlgitions accordingg lnvestlgitions - Invcstlg'ltlons Invcstlgltlons lnvestigrtlons ' public puhllc and amI piivateich plln.teIch pilvite plln.te pllnte piivate pilviteSch . Ich h'l\ h'l hl h'no hno h'le hate ' ' \ e been made madelthiu \ \\lthiu lthiu within \ \ 1111ln the hst.J list hst listmonth's.For .J J 4 . 4months Sch month months monthsor month's.For months.For monthsFor < : ' . { . or cultivating cultl\at1n cultl at1n cultiiating \ , planting planUD and aDd plchlngllr picking plchlng pickingir Ior , llr { ir landlords ' cotton , these the\e the e ' \ povertylcken poverty po\"ert po "ert ert povertyicken \ " ; } icken eken lcken ( Twentieth centuo centur century ' serfs 5erfs arc are arclien areIlen areen lien Ilen [ | half the Inrvcst h'lrvcst hlrvcst harvest ' from the crop crop'less cropless , ' Bess ess they furnish their 0\\ 0 ovn 0n own \ , n Imple tmple tmpleiits implerials iits , 1ts : . , , In \ vhlch which hleb cise C'lse Clse vise ' they the ; get three- three threeltrths three1 threc-'Urths threc 'Urths Urths - - ltrths 1 ' rths of Itfie It ; rh fie [ 'be be ' Income from this harvest han"est hanest " Is Ispgely gely spent before they the ; get It Be3e Be Bc Bec 3e , c 'C ' harvest time thej they the are paid In corn COn1 coal coalwary cornsary wary sary scrip scriphlch \\hlch hlch "blch blch which " \ \ Is good only In InIJ iniJlandowner's in'J inJ ' ' It Is alleged that thatII thatusual thatd IJ iJlandowner's iJlandowners ' landov landowner's landowners . ncr's ncrs store II usual allowance allo\\ance allo ance \ for a family ofis of 1 | Is two dollais dolla1s dollars a week weeh before the thevest [ ( { ( vest est . . Then If there Is any balance balancejs balanceijs , I.S IS js paid off In cashleanwhlle cashIeanwhlle cash cashleanwhile leanwhile leanwhlle Ieanwhlle . the share-cropper share cropper sbare.cropper sbarecropper . - Is often often'l"rged oftenrrged 'l"rged lrged ' { ' " ged prices for his food and essen cssenus .8 8 . s .8I.wbich iwbich -I.wbich I.wbich rwhich - . arc are considerably greater . ; reater eaterUn .n n . , , 1 those paid by his neighbor whofms who whoLtns whoAis Ltns fms land and may buy bu ) where he heases he'ases herases -ases ases 'ases - ' The lando\\ lando landowner landoner \ ner , in addition addiUon , Yt Yts t ts es s a 10 per cent levy in ad\ ad adanclng adtancing adtancingpt advancingremaking \ anclng anclngfI fI fIptmaklng ptmaklng ptmaking pt , making $2 2 $ worth really cost $220 220 $2201.l $2 2 $ _ 20ff 0 0T 1.l 1l T oldlnary ordinary 01 dlnary food supply for half a aOk aP Ok " ! . K for one famll family runs about lihe like likeHalf likeL ; : Half sick s'lc1c slc1c ' flour , 55 53 cents , gallon gallonorghum gallonorghum gallonSorghum orghum black blach molasses , CO GO cents centsrounds , unds ands of cornmcal cornmeal , CO GO cents 'fhatciJ Thate's ' That 'fhat fhat Thates ciJ e's es es ' little for clothing c10tlllng And these theseIe thesele thesepie Ie le simply don't dont ' cat eat meat . [ { ' ( Villainy of Fatej Fatehe Fate Fatehe j he share cropper until 1 1920 10.20 1020 20 201S . wisto \ was \\1S 1S wis ' \ " 1Sto ' [ to eke out a filr f'lir flir ' sort of existence existenceJing , g enough to eat in the sense of ofo offclency ofOIJlifflclcncy o fficlency fclency to keep heep bod bodi body an and soulher soulher soul ( her , h'er her ' , and hiding h'l11Ig hating h'l\ h'l hl ' \ 11Ig something someUlln of a ae aover aPxt e over his f'lm\1j f'lm flm 1j fimil's fimils fimll ' \ } 's s ' 3 ' heids he'lds helds heads ' Thens Then Thenys ys s begin beg'ln begln ' to fall 1 ' ' Ilic 'lie lie he m'lchine mlchine machine unchlne.MJph.hid unchlneMJph.hid unchlneMJphhid ' . , 15 ix ! : h hlhid . . h'ld hld ' been ste'ldll steldll steidlb steidlly ' . } growing growln as a'5 a5 ' a at aJS aJSi [ t , t i , became a n competitor real andirwhelming . and .tnd tnd andrwhelming rwhelming Whelmlng irwhelming Competition fiom flom from newn newII new newj j n II produclog producing ' ' iieis 'lle'lS llelS 'neis neis ' soil erosion andlity and b < 1 Ity lIty of the soil from constint const'lnt constlnt constant ' proJy proAF pro Jy AF ( ; , pn n of a single kind hind of crop addedwoeful added < woeful \ work ork to the theillainy \illainy illainy illalny tillatny \ ofsome of ofsome some might call fate fateat fateI fateat fateiat I at these hid h'ld hld ' knocked Imoched do\\ do down don \ n , the thesslon theI thesalon thesslon ; sslon salon trampled tr.tmpled trtmpled . upon And ADd Into Intothe intothe Into'the Intothe I ' " ' the depression bad had trimplod tr'1mpled tr1mpled trampled ' up uph uphe upne ; h he Bnin BI'lln BIlln Bniin ' TI Tiust ust ground ' ; ( ? iound lound its heel heelIt heelit heelL it decreed tliat thnt that cotton 'lcre'lge lcrelge icreige icreigebe 'lcre'lgebe ' icreigej ' be reduced 40 per cent . . AAAI AAAeductlons AAAI AAAreductions AAA AAAreductions ! reductions eductlons and processing tax taxt taxt taxt I t tess l'oss loss lass ' of income and loss of 11\ 11 11to iite- iite iiteto ll\e-a ll e a \ \ ( ' - - to many man ; } i 'I 9 ' tenant tennnt ' firmer f'lrmer flrmer "ho ho "holy w " wholy fro froy ly ( | y had bad little enough eDough of either eitherbably . ! bably bnbly the first really reill re'lll relll ' ) comprehen comprehennalysis comprehenEtnalysis JJ JJnalysls nalysls nalysis of the bltU'ltIonVIlS bituitlon bltU'ltIon bltUltIon hituitlon ' \ was \VIlS VIlS that thattly thattly tly mide m'lde mlde ' public I.J IJ . bi b3 ; } the committee committeenorlty committeet1 committeenorlty - t1 t1nority norlty nority groups In economic econOlJI ) ( . , recov recove'1ded recovts recoveidcd ts e'1ded e1ded eided ' bv by Dr U D R It Lmbiee Lmblee Lmbtee of ofA ofo ofo ; 0 o , president of the . Julius .JuHus JuHus B Bwald BWald Bwald A wald fund As might be lJe supposed supposedDoctor supposedDoctor supposedDoctor Doctor : Embrcc Imbre Embrec < . s s lre pre&enw preenw presence ) & encE > ( for fore forte , e Mr . nosel1ald'lS Rosenwald nosel1\\ald nosel1 ald \ \ wis \\'lS 'lS lS was ' far fnm famed famedg'Ssmpitlii famedgSsmpitlii .d d < . .dYs i'c ic famedi'c i'cray ' Ys ray ' ml'lth mllth mpathy ml'lthith ) ' \ witli \\ith ith with the blick bl'lclc bllclc birch ' race raceriglnal ) , rlgln.tl rlglntl rlginal . purpose purpos ( ' of the commit commitsun commitsurrey commitBuney surrey sun ey \ was as to 10\ 10 10est1 ln\estlgitc ln estlgitc tnrestlgite \ \ est1 'lte lte ' the thetlon theUon thetlon tlon Uon of the . agricultural .lgrlculturnl lgrlculturnl negro Degro Inouth Inouth in inuth outh > uth It found more \ whites \ lites ! thansuffering than thansuffering suffering 8uCferlng and l ( icpoited reported pOl ted that thnt the them 0 0m m was so serious that ' ill 111 racialto racial racialto to It \ were \ ere 0\ 0 our 0ersh'ldo o\ershidowedess o ershidowedess \ ersh'ldo\\ ersh'ldo ershldo ershidow ersh'ldoed ' \ ed edcss edess css ess than 58 per cent of the farmtlie farm farmthe ; the tlie Soutb-nnd Soutb nnd South-and South and South - and 71 per cent of oftton oftton of.tton oftton . tton farmers-are farmers are farmers - are \ without ithout landare landare land & are on the decline , . \ while \ hlle cot cotoductlon cotoduction cotreduction oductlon oduction abroad Is Incre'1slng Incre1slng Increasing Incre'1slngouth Increasingouth Increisingputh ' outh faces a major crisis , bays baysmittee a s smlttce fcaisinmittce fcaisinmittcecommittee mlttcecommittee mitteecommittee mlttce mittee committee found that of 3088 3088-ms 3088 ms ; , - . s In 13 soutlicrn southern btates states , 1,789 1789 1,7&1 171 1,780 1780 1,789.ire , & , .ire ire . re cultivated by tenants Of Of1,091,000 Of1091000 ,0)1,000 01000 ,091,000 091000 , : ) , were white and nnd GD8000 GD8000In C98 638 000ACS 000 In certain regions farmed al at- at atv atnttrely al-ntlrely al ntlrely - . ACS ACSIn v nUrely nttrely centfarmers by negrocs negroes , 80 per cent farmers were of the share crop , cropriety croprlety rlety riety Practlcilly Prnctlc'll1y Prnctlcll1y Practlciily ' all of the In inpi pi [ In InIn farmers920 farmersD20 the number of ot tenant farmers 1 * 10 | D20 920 whitesImat Is accounted uccountl.d uccountld uccountcd . for by whites whites'Imately whitesImately , dpi dpiimately ' Imat imately ( > ly 200,000 200000 , of them wh who whonable whoinable nable to keep heep a hold on their theirY theirty Y A good share of the tenant tenantand tenantand tenantP relcisedd r ry and others have ! hocn hen wen relcised rele rek lsed isedpe d e \ world orld with no means of or sup sup- . - 1 1e port until millions who shoul should be get gettlng getting getting tlng ting a ll\ing ll ing Ihlllg thing \ fiom flom fmom .outhern outhern c.outhern couthern southern . ' . soil oll ollre \re re ire irenow ' \ irenow reno no\\ no now noon \ on tlie the iclief le1tef tehef lolls tolls L List l < ; t ycir ye'lr yelr yeir ' oDe one oDefnmilv onefamily onefamily fnmilv family In e\ e eer e\eri e eri eter3 \ er ; } four \ wis 'IS IS ' on reliefChances relief reliefChances Chances Arc SlimAccording Slim SlimAccordliii Accordliii Accordln According ; to the report , the tenant tenantfal tenantfarmer's tenantfaimci's tenantfaimcis fal farmer's farmers met ' 's s ' chances of recover reCl'cr reClcr ( " ' ; } arc slim slimnndel slimunder slimundei nndel under a ciedit cledlt credit system s < ; , < ; tcin tem \ wliicli whicli hlch enables enablesthe enablesthe enablesthe the lan landowner on ner to bOl boirow borrow ro\\ ro romone \ money mone ; } at atlt4 at4 4 -lt4 lt4 - % to Cis G1 Gl per pcr cent Intel Intciest interest est while 'the the 'thetenant 'thetemnt thetemnt ' the theten'lnt ten'lnt tenlnt tenant ' ' firmer f'lrmer flrmer cannot caDnot < : secuie ecme this che'lp chelp eheip che'lpcredit eheipcredit chcipcredit ' credit unless the l'lndo llndo lindowner landowner ' " ner wihes wipes \ 'lh lh ' es his his1118t hisfist hishst 1118t fist ( lien on 011 the ciop ClOP crop " 'Hie Hie 'Ihe Ihe 'the the ' landownei landowneican 1'lD 1lD ' lindowncican O\\ O Onel \ nel nelcan can seldom ilToid iffotd 1CfOl ' d to < . do .10 10 thisIf thisIf this thisIf If he lie 1 ictuses refuses efu < ; es to 1 lelease elease telease the crop cropllen croplien croplien llen lien to the govel goveinmcntal governmental nmental agenci agenc agency ; } , the theredcral thefederal theFederal redcral federal Farm rarm Cicdit Clcdlt Credit 'ldminlstr'ltion ldminlstrltion idministrition ' idrnlnlstntlonthe 'ldminlstr'ltionthe idministritionthe ' the ' lindlord 1'lndlonl 1lndlonl landlord may then secure the loan loanfor loanfor loanfor for ill 'Ill ' his temnt ten'lnt tenlnt tenant ' firmeis f'lrmelS flrmelS fzrmeis ' it 'It ' it 41 4to 4 to 6r 6rper G G1 G1per % per cent , and then ad\ ad advance adancc \ ancc supplies supplies'lnd suppliesand suppliesind I Iper 'lnd lnd and ' furnishings to his temnts ten'1nts ten1nts tenants ' ' it 'It it cus custom'lr customiry customiri tom'lr tomlr tomiry ' ; } prlces-20 prlces 20 prices-20 prices prices - 20 to SO 30 per cent abo\ abo aboe above abocash abovecash abovecash \ e cash pllces piices pi ices I pllcesI ' Here ' igiln 'lg'lln lglln igiin ' the tenant tcnant bcirs be'1rs be1rs bears ' the thebrunt thebrunt thebrunt brunt of the time risk rlsh If he can repay , his hissurplus hissurplus hissurplus surplus Is wiped out b3 b ; the time extortion extortion'lte extortionate extortionite 'lte lte ate ' credit crcdlt chaigcs chalges charges ; : If he cannot repay repayhe , he loses his crop and \ whatever hatever work workstock \ workstock orh orhstoch stoch stock he lie may ma ; } possess , ' sa sass sas ; } s the re report report report port portI I ' ' So far the time various mrlous debt reconclli'l reconcllil reconcilli reconcillition reconclli'lI reconclli'ltlon reconcillitlon ' tlon tion commissions have ha\e ha e hate \ mide m'1de m1de made ' no at attempt attempt attempt I tempt to hathe have ha\ ha \ " ! > the landlords scale down downthe downthe : tbe the debts owed 0ed 0\\ 0 \ ed them from pre\ pre prelous pretlous pretlousseasons previousscisons \ lous lousse'lsons se'lsons selsons seasons ' by croppers and shire sh'1re sh1re share ' tenants tenants.Such tenantsSuch . . . Such proposals would be resented , no nodoubt nodoubt nodoubt doubt , by landowners \ who ho hid h'ld hld ' just had hadtheir hadtheir hadtheir their debts scaled dO\ dO down dOn \ ' n by creditors " Doctor Embrce's Embrces Lmbree's Lmbrees Dmbree's Dmbrees ' committee sass savs sas ; } that thatthe thatthe thatthe the United States must ' reorganize reorganizethe reorganizethe reorganizethe the system srstcm of lind hnd Find tenure in the theSouth theSouth theSouth South " The ne negro ro problem his h'1s h1s has ' long longbeen longbeen longbeen been an obsticle obst'lcle obstlcle obstacle ' to such a program programbut , but the committee is of the opinion opinionthnt opinionthat opinionthat thnt that the country has "seilously seilously "sellously sellously "setiously setiously " o over overestimated overestlmited ' er erestlm'lted estlm'lted estlmlted estimated ' the importance of the negro negrofarmers negrofarmers negrofarmers farmers numerically ntimerically as competitors competitorssince , Slllce since tenanc tenancy In the South has come to tobe tobe tobe be essentially a pi pioblem problem oblem of \ white hi te farm farmels farmet farmeis ' ' els et s The committee di&tlnctly |