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" - ow < j . - ' { " , . , < - " < , ' r// r < / / " " J a aBy By ELMO SCOTT WATSON WATSONU WATSONU1sE WATSONUNE U U1sE E 14 Is nag rIng flag day and It .It . recills rec'1l1s rec1l1s reeilis ' theJ thefact the thefact thefact J theJ fact that tllat on that dite d'1te d1te dote ' in 1777 theContinental the theContinental theContinental J Continental congress "Resolved Resolved "Resolred Resolred " , , That Thatthe Thatthe Thatthe the flag of the thirteen United States Statesbe Statesbe Statesbe be thirteen stripes , , alternate red and and"hlte andwhite andwhite "hlte hlte white " ; ; that the union be thirteen thirteenstars thirteenstars thirteenstars stars , white hlte in a blue fleld field , repre repre- representing representing . - senting a new constellitlon constelhtlon constellation " Thus Thusit Thustt Thusit it tt was that the new emblem of the then thenition thenation nation n ' ! hon came into official existence ; thus It was that the Stirs St'lfS StlfS Stars ' and Stripes Stripeswere Stripeswere Stripeswere were bornBut bornBut born bornBut But , contrary contrar to the belief beJief of many Ameri AmerI- Amen- Amen AmerIcane Amencans Americans - cans cane cans ; , this does not mem me'1n me1n mean ' tint th'lt thlt that ' our national ban ban- banner bannor banner - - ner nor sprang fu full ] gron grown n into being belOg from the br'1ln br1ln brain br'1lnof brainof brilnof ' of one min m'ln mln man ' or one group of men on that June Juneday Juneday Juneday day 156 150 1 6 yeirs ye'lrs yelrs years ' ago The truth Is that our fi'lg filg flog fliglike ' , , lIke so many other American institutions mcUtuUons rnctitutions : ; and andsymbolq andsymbols andsymbol symbolq symbols " , developed by a gradual evolution evoutlon ] nnd and nndded.ed andderived andderived ded.ed deded derived . its inspiration IncplrntlOn : from sources as varIed varIedas variedas variedas as the tlle strains of or blood which hlch hive h'1\e h'1 h1 e hie ' \ % been fusedInto fused fusedinto fusedinto into making mnl.mg mnlmg . 'the the ' < the h typical plcal American AmerlClln " The real renl origin of our nitional n'1t1onnl n1t1onnl nathonnl ' flig thg flag goes back backto backto backto to the tile binnei b'lnnel blnnel bannei ' which "hlch hlch " was W'lS WlS ' flown bv b\ b by bthe \ ' the expe expedition expeditionthat expeditionthat ltion ltionthat that dlsco\ dlsco discovered dlscoered \ ered the North American Amerlc'ln Amerlcln ' continent continentThis continentThis continentThis This was aas as the simple binner b'll1ner bll1ner banner ' of St George's Georges ' cro crocs cross : ; sIn , In red on i 1 a ' white hlte field the old flig fhg flag of or rnglnndIt f'ngandIt rnglandIt f'ngand fngand rngland ' ] It wis W'lS WlS was ' carried bv by the e expedition pedltlon of GIO\annl GIO annl Giosannt GIOannlCabot GiosanntCabot GiovannlCabot \ Cabot , , or ' is 1S is he Is more familnriy famIIJ'1ry famIIJ1ry famlharly ' ] known J.no Jno . n , , JohnCabot .10hn 10hn John JohnCabot . .10hnCabot Cabot , the tbe Italiin Itnh'ln Itnhln Italian ' mvigitoi n'l\lg'ltol n'l nl lg'ltol lgltol in ' \ igatoi ' , exploring e'tplorlng etplorlng e " ' plorhng for Dng Eng DngJand England England Jand land , who "ho ho " dlsco\ dlsco dlscoel discovcicd discoreied \ el e the North Northmerlcan Northmerfcan \merlcan merlcan \merfcan merfcan tmerican \ < + continent conti contI- contInent continent - - nent in 14 1497 7 Sailm Sailing Salhnfi along the . east e'lct elct ' : ; coast const for for1,000 for1000 1,000 1000 , miles , he laid hid the foundition foun(1'1tlOn foun11tlOn foundation ( ' of Englishclaims Dnghsh English Dnghshclaims Englishclaims claims to North America The flig fhg flag wis W'lS WlS was ' borne borneInter bornelater bornelater Inter later by CapL C.1pt C1pt Capt . . . John Smith'b Smithb Smith's Smiths ' ships to the set settlement settlement settiement tlement at J'lmesto1 Jimestown J'lmesto\\ J'lmesto Jlmesto J'lmeston Jamestown ' \ n , , ' \ Vi \1 1 ' , In 1G07 IG07 11307 and aglin ag'un agun again ' by bythe bythe bythe the theI'1J M ' \ " \I'1J I'1J I1J "dayflower dayflower iv ' flower O\\ O Oer \ er to the Plymouth Ulass ( Mass ) settlement settle settlement settlemeat ment meat in 10 1G201e 10 1G20 1G20Next _ 0 King'sColors KingsColors Next 1\e 1 e 1 \ et .t t : < . In the line hne of descent comes the King's Kings Ring's Rings King'sColors Ring'sColors ' Colors or the Lmon Lnion D10n Jack JacJ . , designed in 1COG IGOG 1000 , , sym symbo1171ng symboli7ing symboliying bo1171ng boli7ing the union of England rngland and Scotland afterKing after afterI.Ing afterhang I\.Ing I.Ing I .Ing Ing hang \ . James took toot . the tile throne of the united I.lngdoms . Lingdoms I.lng Ilng king kingdons doms dons m 1U in 1G03 1003 This union was "as as " represented reprecented : Inthe In Inthe inthe the : English rnglIsb flig fl'lg fllg figg ' bv by imposing tlie the rn : English hsh red redcrO"b redcross redcro crO"b crOb cross " b of St St . . Gcoige Geolge Geoige on the Scottish white "lute lute " diagonal ding diag dingonal diagonal onal cross of St Andrew , on i 'l l u ' field fleld of blue blueThere blueThere blueThere There are records of the use u"c uc " of this flig fi'lg filg flab ' on fortsIn forts fortsIn fortsin In this country in 1G79 1G'jJ 1GjJ 1010 ' ! ' ind 1nd and ] ( 1GOG 1000 G Gnd , , ' \ ind \nd nd and this tllis en ensI ensign ensign sI sign n was required In all nil British Brltfch : ; dominions domlDlons by aparlnmentary a aparll'lmentary aparliamentary parll'lmentary parlllmentary parliamentary ' ict 'lct lct act ' of 1707The 1707The 1707 1707The The term 'Union Union 'Umon Umon ' Jack Jach ' w was \ \ is 'lS lS ' probably probnbly dcriv derh derhed derhedfrom cdfrom cd cdfrom from King Ring James ; signing cignlOg documents in the therrench thefrench theFrench rrench french Jicques 'J'lCIlUes JlCIlUes Jacques ' ' , , " the pronunciation of whichis which whichIs whichIs Is not unlike unllhe "Jick Jick "J'lcl Jlcl "Jack Jack " ' , " " The "union union "Uluon Uluon "moon moon " ' ' cirue C'lme Clme came ' to be benppHed beapplied beapplied nppHed applied to tint tli'lt tlilt that ' part of our nitionil mtlOn'l mtlOnl national ' ] flig 11\g 11 g flag ' \ cutryIn ciiryIn C'llrY CllrY cutry C'llrYIn ' flagIs flng1s flag1s In ' " " ' the st1rc st'trc sttrc stir ' ; ' ; In fact , \ when wlien hen this pirt p'lrt plrt part ' of tlie the flng flag 1s flown flon flo\\ flo \ n alone on bows bos bo\\ bo \ s of ships ShlpC : , it Is Js cilled c1l1ed called the'union theunion the the'Uluon 'Uluon Uluon ' ' union .lack lack Jach jack . ' or simply 'jack jack ' , Jadr " . Three fligs fl1gS fags ! tliat that had in 'In an ' earlv enrlv early Influence on thedesign the thedeslon thedesign deslon design of the Stirs St'1rs St1rs ' and Stupes Stupe Stapes ' ) \ were ere the strIped stripedflags flags of the tile Dutch republic repubhc The Dutch it will beremembered be beremembered beremembered remembered , , first colomyed cololl17ed colonised New Netherhnds Netherlands Netherlandsbefore Netherhndsbefore Netherlindsbefore before It became becamee New \e\\ e dew ] \ elorh \ lork lorh This territory ineluded in ineluded ineluded eluded XCYorl New XC\\ XC N'ew ' \ Yorle Yorke York Yorl " , \e\\ e " \ ' ' \e e \ ' ' .e\\ .e . eJersc .eJersey \ \ \ % Jersc Jersey Jerscy , Penn Pcnn Pennsyltanh < : yhinli yh'Inf'l yhInfl ' ' and andDelaare andDelaware andDelawaie Dela\\are Dela are Delaware \ . . . byDutch Settlements in ID these states stntes were ere nude m'lde mlde made ' by Dutch colonists COloDlstS under un er their fligs fllg ft tgs : . > , , tint th'1t th1t that ' of theDutch the theDutch theDutch Dutch West Jndl Indii India ' ! Co \ with Guth Ith three stripes of or oranbe ornnbe oranfec anbehlte anbe nnbe , \ white \hlte hlte , ind 1nd and ' blue , , the United Umted Stites St'ltes Stltes States ' of Netheriinds Neth Nether1nds Netherlunds er1nds erlunds er1nds1th ] , \ with \\1th 1th tuth \ CI : ; six ' " stripes of red \ white lute ind 'lnd lnd and ' blue blueand , , fin and the Rotterdim Rotterd1Dl Rotterdam flig fl'Ig flag ' of green rccn and find white whitestripes \ whitestripes whitestripesThe hlte hltestrlpec strlpec stripes : stripesThe The English Tngl1sh : Fast rast India company nmllv fln'111v fln111v finally ' crowd crowded crowded crowded ed the Dutch Dl.tch Dltch . out of sea tnde tr'1de tr1de trade ' and this comp'ln compln company ' broubht brought compinvbrought companybrought a ne new " flag to Amenci Amertc'l Amertcl Americo ' , , a nine or ten tenstrlpe tenstriped tens.tnped tenstnped striped strlpe , . binncr b'lnner blnner banner ' of alterniting altern'ltlng alternltlng alternating ' red and white whitestripes whitestripes whitestripes stripes , with a small St Georges George s cross of red redIn redin redIn In the upper UPIKr corner nest next to the stiff shff stuff One or of orthe ofthe ofthe the therarlntlons variations -rarlntlons rarlntlons - in 10 this flag tlng \ was 3S a pine pIDe tree or orglobe orglobe orglobe globe , , representing representlnf ; the New Ncw \ world ord ] in the upper left upperleft quarter of the union , formed by the arms armsof armsof armsof of the St , George feorgc cross In some fligs fhgs flags of thIs thIsperIod thisperiod thisperiod perIod the pine tree repiiced rephced the St George Georgecross Georgecross Georgecross cross entirelyWith entirelyWith entirely entirelyWith With the TIC\ TIC Resolution TIColutlOn \ olutlOn , , the strug struggling lIng colonIsts colonIstsw'lnted colonistswanted colonistswinted w'lnted wlnted wanted ' something dincrcnt lfierent diflerent from a British flag flagand , , nnd and the pine tree and rattlesnal rattlecnal ; c e a emblems np ap nppe'lted appeared appeircd pe'lted pelted peared ' , , ' ilso 'llso llso also the legend Ic end 'I I ' I ibertv Iberh iberts and Union ' ' onn ona on ona " a n plain fly fl flv of red Tlicn Then cimc e'1me e1me came ' the Stars and andStripes andStripes andStripeshcn StrIpes \\hcn hcn R \ \ \ hen Wishln W\chlnhton W chlnhton Vachinton ] ' \ : ; ; , ton left Philadelphia Pluladelphla l'luladelphia lluladelphia ' In1775 In In1i75 1i75 1775 , , to take command of the army armv at C'Im CIm Cam C'ImbrIdge Cambridge ' Cimbridge brIdge , , he wis was \ \ 1 < ; escorted e < ; cort ( ( ] out of the th ( ' citv Cltv city by tliePhllidelphil the thePhlhdelphh thePhiladelphia Phlhdelphh Philadelphia Troop of Light Horse as far .as as .asNe . Ne\\ Ne New asNew Ne'lrk \ irk 'lrk lrk ark ' , , . N J The guidon of this troop was " is < ofScllovv of oflellosv lellosv ell ow silk ' ind 'lnd lnd and carried in its upper tipper corner , . next nextto nextto nextto to the staff , , a smill sm'lll smlll snail ' union of 13 stripes of silverand slver slverand silver silverand ] and light II-ht II ht : - blueStnrs blueStars blue blueStars Stars Stnrs first figured fig-ured fig ured - in the tbe union of a n flag carried C.Ir CIr car C.Irrled carFled . rled Fled i111771 in 177'i 177i 1775 ' on the schooner sc1lOoner Lee by Captain Man Manley ManIcy Manley ley Icy , , a Massachusetts Ias achusetts skipper cklpper : ; , , whose "hoce hoce " : ; ship operated opernt operat opernted operated ed as one of Commo Commodore ore IIopklns Hoplln IIopkins , < : . ' squadron quadron nnd and nndcaptured andcaptured amcaptured captured the Nancy Nancv Nnnc with bupplfes buppli'es bupplies suppWes ' for the BritIsh Brit BritJh BritisIi Jh isIi ' ) arm3 arms arm } No\ No November Noember Notiernber \ ember 19 10 . , 17 177 177'i 177i j / ) ' Thu Thutcen Thuteen teen stirs st'1rs st1rs ' on ona ona ora a blue cinton C'1nton C1nton canton ' formed the uniou union of 1t5 its lt & flig fl'lg fllg flag ' 'I'he Ihe Tice Ticewere ' Thejwere ' were , \ ere arr.wge arrwge arranged ' . In fh fi\e fi e the \ e hon/ontal hon ontal hOrI70ntal horizontal / , panllel par\llel par llel parallel ' \ ro rows rowsand row'and rowand " q qand ' and were \ we're were e e five live pointed In the blue fly of the thefl'lg theflag tinflig fl'lg fllg flag ' wis W'lS WlS was ' a n \ wliite white hite anchor nnchor \ with \ I1h the , word \ ord 'Dope Dope 'hope hope 'Dopeabo 'hopeabose ' 'Hopeabove Hopeabove ' abo\ abo aboe abose \ e It ' Tills 'IhIb IhIb This design \ was as carried by Rhode TIhode Is Ishnd Island Islind hnd land troops at Braud Brandywine Brandy \ wine Inc , , Trenton Trpnton and Yorl York Yorktown Yorktown . to\\ to ton town \ n but hut the stirs st'1rs st1rs ' were of gilt gllt on a lloht 1I0ht light blue bluecanton bluecanton bluicanton bluicantonlollowing canton cantonI cantonIoliowing I lollowing Ioliowing 0110\\ 0110 0110I \ I ng tlie tllC the cariv early N111 use of the English nghsh ensign ensign"hich ensignwhich ensigiwliich "hich hich which " C'll Cll curled carried ' rled the St t George's Georges George ' ' ) cro&s cros cross & in the thccantoillieie . canton cantonthel cantonthere there thel e cime C'lme Clme came ' into use in the colonies colonle ? In tlie the Elghl Eight - . ow , , < , j . - ' { " , . - ' r// r / / " " . - . ' - } . ; T . > Tcj w . rt . 'A A " ' ? ; J \ . - < , 'i i ' < ' " ( t- t tw ; . "j j " . , . . . . . "J3 J3 t . 'f f ' : " < ' \ / \ v > , " " : . , . , 1) 1 ' ) . . . , " ' > jf t " ' > / ! ( < 7 o-n o n < . - " , . > " % z : ; \ ' ; . " " ' ; i ; : " " ' ' ' . "IffiJ1j IffiJ1j " "IffiJ1jl l ' \ - 1 : . ; . wt wtf ; : -f f - rW 1 |