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Show TOE BULLETIN, BINGHAM CANYON, UTAH j COW TOWN World's Largest Stock Market Likes Beinq Called 'Cow Town Chicago, world's largest livestock J'07n" American cities in that it appreciates being ' sheriffs gun toting While it has no tradition of fast-drawi- ng for almos a nu cowboys and villainous cattle rustlers, Chicago dred years, has played an important part m Amf "fVduc-stoc- k industry. It is the strategic point between jroauc mg rangelands of the West and the market outlets of the Yard was cstaD Since 1865, when the Chicago Union Stock lished by a special act of the Illi-nois legislature, almost a billion head of livestock cattle, hogs and sheep have been shipped or driv-en to Chicago. It is a constant source of pride to the meat industry that Chicagoans. and most midwesterners, talk about "The Yards" with a posses-sive attitude. In 85 years it has be-come as much of an institution as the city's universities, its public parks, or even Lake Michigan. Stork yard activities, wheth-er they be in Chicago or in any of the other 12 major terminal livestock markets, are simple to explain. The stock yard is a public market place where livestock producers sell their animals to buyers on a free, open and competitive market. It Is open to anyone who has livestock to sell and to anyone who has money to buy In com-petition with others. The man on horseback Is a livestock buyer who has a lot of territory to cover In his daily activities at the Chicago livestock market. Here he bids on a shipment of year-lings from ft Wyoming ranch. The Union Stock Yard might be likened in its operations to a se-curities exchange in that the com-pany itself does not own, buy, sell, nor does it have anything to do with determining prices of the commodity sold. Livestock prices are determined solely by competi-tive bidding, the buyer offering the most attractive price gets the ani-mals. Here is how the stock yard operates in its position between seller and buyer. At the time the Union Stock Yard was established, seven different yards were operating actively in Chicago, and others were being planned. The producer whose ani-mals were shipped to Chicago often was confused as to his best market-ing possibilities. This era was In the early days when stockmen from the west drove their animals in herds, sometimes many hundreds of miles, to concentration points. Many brought them afoot all the way to Chicago and sold them for as much as they could get from a buyer. There was no true "Chicago market" in those days. The stock-man had no real assurance that his animals would be in demand, or even knowledge of the extent of that demand which would tend to determine a value. One "yard" had a different price than its com-petitors. Uniformity was lacking, confusion the order of the dav. When the animals arrive at me yards whether by truck or rai-lroadthey are unloaded and as-signed to pens where owners, or the commission firm representing them, arrange through the stock yard for yarding, feeding and wat-ering until trading time from 8 a. m. to 2 p. m. daily. At that time buyers representing packing houses, shippers and small buyers ride horseback or walk through the alleys looking over the avail-able stock in the pens. Experienced livestock salesmen are on hand to show the animals, discuss qualities and weights, and negotiate the sales. Many bids might be received for a load of cattle, hogs or sheep before the sale is made, although the com-mission man (or owner of the stock) might accept an early bid if in his Judgment it represents the true value, and he believes the market may decline during the day. The commission firm sales-men, representing the livestock farmer, knowing at all times the prevailing prices, the day's supply and demand, and the particular, g needs of the various buyers, get the full price for the animals on any particular day. Major Stock Market About this time, however, com-mission firms came into existence and with these salesmen represent-ing the producers, guesswork on values was reduced, commis-sion firms, working in cooperation with producers and buyers, recog-nized the need for one central market, where producer and buyer could intelligently appraise supply and demand, and where values could be determined by open, com-petitive bidding. Representatives Maintenance big Business Up until the sale is completed and the animals are weighed, the producer retains ownership. Once off the scale, however, ownership of the livestock is transferred to the buyer. Care and maintenance of the yards is big business. A huge bat-tery of mechanized equipment is employed daily to clean the vast areas of pens (there are 13,000 of them), streets and alleys. The yards encompass an area one mile long and half a mile wide, with ap-proximately 150 miles of inter-twining railroad tracks, rail equip-ment, office buildings, scale houses, stables, grain elevators, sales ring and water systems. Streets are threaded throughout the entire area. These facilities are essential to the handling of the animals which arrive at the yards over 28 railroad lines and in thousands of motor trucks from the livestock producing areas. A commission firm salesman talks business with an Iowa hog farmer. A total of 3,425,-25- 2 head of hogs were shipped to the Chicago yards in 1949. of these interests met with owners of the many yards and railroads in Chicago and brought about the formation of the company which bears today's name. Chicago is a major terminal livestock market. This means the yards serve all segments of the livestock industry. Chicago's Union Stock Yard does not own, buy or sell, or in any other way enter into the transactions dealing with the transfer of livestock ownership Competitive bidding alone deter-mines the price of cattle, hogs and sheep. The yards, of necessity, must be large. "Biggest day" ship- ments show the following rec-ord of livestock received: Cat-tle. 49.128: calves, 10.B73; hogs, 122,749. and sheen. 7I.7')2 Those entering into the bidding on a public market include indi-vidual buyers wanting only a few animals, representatives of the large packing houses who buy in volume daily, and shippers or order buyers. The Chicago yards, because It is a market-plac- e, provides facilities for unloading docks, pens, feeding, housing, weigh-ing and other services neces-sary for the care of the ani-mals during the time they are on the property. All operations are "posted," which means they are governed by the terms of the Federal Packers and Stockyards Act, under the "nervision of the I'nited States department of agriculture. Livestock commission charges are regulated by the Secretary of Agriculture. Charges for service made by members of the Chicago Live Stock Exchange ran organi zation of commission men) figure less than one-hal- f of one per cent of the gross proceeds for expert salesmanship, receiving, varding and superintending the feeding and watering of stock, rendering ac-count sales, checking freight bills for possible errors, securing re funds on freight when necessary writing letters regarding sales' keep clients informed of possible changes in price by special letters and circulars. In short, Chicago feels it has a right to be proud of being called a cow town. Jaaf THEY'RE OFF! BUT WHO? CHUDDA HADDIM. the well-- b known horse player, popped an osselet in his indignation over the senate interstate commerce com-mittee's bill to stymie the big bookies and curb gambling by ban-ning the interstate transmission ol all pre-rac- e information, beyond the entries. "All that would do is to make me bet on the wrong horse with twice the effort," he declares. Up to now all I had to do was to guess who was TRYIN' to win a heat. Now I gotta guess who's running! m m m "I even gotta guess the weather," he moaned. "I broke down early in life Just figurin' them skinners and now thoy think 1 should figure whether its raining one thousand miles away or not. How can a guy dope out today's weather on past performances? Them sen-ators would not let no scratches, weight changes, Jockey substitutions or prices get out on the day of a race. Scratches was the only thing that made life bearable for me. It cut down the number of beetles I had to figure. Now If there Is 18 goats In a heat I gotta handicap 'em all, when maybe only five will show up on the track. Izzat fair? "The small horse player is the only one that'll suffer and he is takin' it on the chin enough now. Them big bookies and big gamblers will get all the news they need if they have to set up their own code signals and grease a few thousand more law enforcement agents and top politicians. And it will make it easier for "em to get a horse player's dough on account of a horse player will know less about what he is doin' than ever. Does that make sense? a) A aa "It won't stop 'em gamblin'. A race fan Is a persistent guy. It Is lack of facts that keeps him goin'. He lives in a world of dreams, guesswork and ru-- m o r s compulsory. Answer me this: How come an inter-state commerce committee gets into horst racing? I knew owners, trainers and jockeys done business before the race. I seen many a business con-ference in a paddock. I could name plenty of skinners that seemed to be reading a quar-terly report on the economical situation coming down the stretch, but this Is the first time anybody says it all comes under the bead of COM-MERCE! "If I was handicappin' them senators I would say they was away off form, not up to a race yet and was carryin' too much weight. What happens if a horse breaks a leg the morning of the race, or the jockey gets run over by a taxi? "Give up betting on the ponies," we advised S h u d d a Haddim. "You'll be better off." "Who, me, a lifelong fighter for the freedom of interstate com-merce?" he demanded with heat. A uonderman is Luther Bill The guy can work an outdoor grill; At barbecue stiijf he's so good The stuff at time resembles FOOD! Jim Wilson, piscatorial n, refused to interrupt a couple of striped bass fisher-me-n as they discussed their exploits the other day. "Don't stop 'em now," he Implored. "They have just reached the point where they are lying to each other." We called up a hardware store to see if they had any garbage pails 14 inches in diameter in stock. "Inches!" exclaimed the clerk. "Doncha know the gallons'" "No," we replied. "We always buy our garbage in pints." "Two U. S. senators reached Miami to investigate stories of a national syndicate being be-hind gambling there." News Item. Don't they realize it Is all a rumor? . A Yale plan to solve the drink problem Is to be tried out In Los Angles. What In-trigues us is whether Yale will work the idea into Its old drinking songs. The perfect vote-gette- r gimme-gimm- e m this age would have the general manner of a slot machine overall touch of a juke box and the general aPpeal of a St Musc jackpot. Harry Truman Voir oiv h 6 UP' RePublicans! Pe that the majori- ty of American voters will start thinking thing out to . begin S on doubting the double CLASSIFIF !!HlpJvanteiw EXl'EKIKNt'K.U iThT good salary ps f,", ',lfT Buy U.S. Saving I FROM CONSTIPAT10 "Just can't keep from Eating ALWmANeverv7,? me complete relief from Medicinea had failed 2 tostraightenmeoutl" X Mr.A.S. Heatty.Sr., Cornersville, Tenn. One of many unsolie. tb ited letters from ALL. ' BliAN iwcrs. You, too, may expect to "i overcome constipa- - T tion due to lack of gjj dietary bulk if you followth Lat an ounce of crisny i ALL-BRA- N daily, drink p' water! If not completely 10 days, return empty Kellogg'g, Battle Creek M DOUBLE YOUR MONEY! 'Iff " $ S10 & jJS&vSWdli VJBBLLDO YEJ, in just 7 days... in one short' who changed fro a group of people old dentifrices to Calox Tooth W aged 38 brifhtrr teeth bfci Why not change to Calox JM: Calox today ... so your rf: teeth can start looking (p brighter tomorrow I McKe8Mn4Robbin.IBrj WNU-- W J lm She Shop "Cash and Car' Without Painful Back1 Aa we p older. axertlon. exceaaiva nl0-l- n kfdaCT cold aometimea low " , wtiK tion. Tbil may lead 0,,n- -(i plain o. n.Klns b.ck.(.( energy, head.cbea fj ! up nlghta or trw. from minor bladder lrnW dumpneai or dietary If your discomforM ' , pan cauaea. don't wait. W & diuretic Uaed Zgf over 60 yeara. Wb.la "T," often otherwiae occur. timea Doan a T be!ptholSmilofkdnrJifa. fluah out wait Cat DoAjrsP! g WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS J. Edgar Hoover Says Potential Fifth Column of 540,000 in U.S.; Wheat Crop to Miss Billion Mark (EDITOR'S NOTEl Whta aplnlona an eaprCHrd In theaa eelamna, they ara thaae af WraUrn Newanaper Union's news analyala and not naeaaaarilr of thia aawapapar.) CONSUMERS: Buy More Heavily The commerce department hai announced consumer incomes, the mainspring of retail buying, rolled up to $212,800 million a year rate during April. The April showing constituted a $600 million annual-rat- e gain over March and was the second consecu-tive monthly Increase. The gain "reflected an expansion In payrolls that was largely offset by declines In proprietors' Income and transfer payments", the de-partment said. The decline in proprietor's Income occurred chiefly In farm Income as livestock marketing receipts de-clined in a season when they nor. mally rise. "The net Income of farm opera-tions for the first four months of J950 was about one-fift- h less than in the same period last year," the department said. "The rise stemmed primarily from Increased activity In the dur-able goods and manufacturing in-dustries. Higher employment and a longer work week in factories producing transportation equipment, machin-ery, and other fabricated metal products were mainly responsible for the advance of total wages In durable-good- s manufacturing." Jailed Miiaja. " - a pt,,, .wmuuaij ' tmmttm 'i i r aWar1&adril3 John Howard Lawson (left) nd Dalton Trumbo (right) are shown on the way to Jail to start ft year's Imprisonment for contempt of congress. Hol-lywood writers, tbey refused to tell the house committee on activities wheth-er tbey were Communists. FIFTH COLUMN: 540,000 in U. S. Of all the men In high govern-ment security posts, J. Edgar Hoover, director of the F.B.I., pos-sibly commands more respect than any other. For that reason, his statement that the Communists have a potential fifth column of 640,000 people In the United States, made public some four months after he testified before a senate committee, gave Red conscious Americans a shock. He was explicit on two points: (1) Communists are seeking Amer-ican atomic, military and Indus-trial secrets with every trick and means at their disposal; (2) Sub-versive Communists are more ac-tive now than the Nazis and Fas-cists ever were during World War II. The "orbit of Communist con-trol," he said, has Increased from one seventh of the world's popula-tion in 1917 to one third of the world's population today. "The intensification of commu-nism and underground actlvtlty In the United States has Increased proportionately. If we are to pre-serve our Internal security In times of emergency, It Is Incum-bent that the Identities of those who work against the peace and se-curity of America be established." The F.B.I, chief revealed that native-bor- n Communists and sym-pathizers are after Information on atomic research, radar, Jet propul- - WHEAT CROP: Miss Billion Mark For the first time In seven years, the nation's farmers will fail to harvest a billion-bushe- l wheat crop this year, the agriculture depart-ment has predicted. This means, the government forecasters said, the income of wheat farmers will be down soma $400,000,000. POTATOES: Shoofin' Bug Dust Now it can be told. A hundred million pounds of surplus Ameri-can potatoes have been sent Into Soviet Germany to feed victims of the potato bug fantasy. Recently the Soviet controlled ra-dio and press went into a song and dance about American planes drop-ping potato bugs In the Soviet zone. The Communist propaganda said the United States sewed Insects to blight the east German crop, to test out germ warfare, and sell capitalistic bug poison. American officials called the charges ridiculous and said the Communists apparently were trying to condition the pepole for crop failure. The continued broadcast by the Communists on the potato bug theme and the silence main-tained over the shipment of American potatoes were looked on as evidence of a cam-paign to cover up production fail-ures. The government predicts a har-vest of 944,514,000 bushels as the result of voluntary reductions In plantings under the government's acreage allotment program, and from bad weather and Insects. The record crop was harvested In 1947 and amounted to 1,367,186.-00- 0 bushels. Last year 1,146,000,000 bushels were harvested. The fore-cast, incidentally, is well under the 10 year average of 1,032,000,000 slon, coastal maps, military air-ports, biological warfare, and In-dustrial resources. His agency Is handicapped in dealing with them because present espionage laws are Intended main-ly for aliens. Hoover also reported, "To coun-teract the F.B.I.'s penetration of the Communist party, Its leaders have established a and vigorous loyalty program of Its own, calling for establishment of Investigating committees in each state and a thorough investi-gation of each member of the part as to personal history, activities, associations, contacts, and length of membership." bushels. Observers pointed out it means the government may have to dip Into its big price support wheat surplus to meet the combined do- - The potatoes were shipped by a New York broker to a Swiss firm in Hamburg. Another deal was re-ported underway to ship 18,000 tons to Frankfurt in Western Germany. In both cases, state department officials suspected that the po-tatoes were going to the Commu-nists. mestic and export needs in the year ahead. The government now has approximately $4,000,000,000 in-vested In farm surpluses. The agriculture department said prospects for the corn crop now generally are favorable. Plantings are expected to be smaller than a year ago because of the acreage allotment program. The report forecast an oat crop of 1,380,000,000 bushels, four per-cent more than last year. Rye pro-duction, forecast at 22,400,000 bu-shels, would be 20 percent larger than last year but still smaller than average. SENATOR TAFT: War if Necessary Senator Robert Taft of Ohio, the Republican policy chieftain who has as good a chance as any for the GOP presidential nomination In 1952, has issued a frank and complete, if somewhat startling, one-packa- statement on U. S. foreign policy. The main points: (1) The United States should go to war if Russia moves into western Europe; (2) He doubts there ever can be a RENT CONTROL: Senate Extends With what observers called an eye for the November elections, the senate passed, 30 to 28, a extension of rent control. The law Is due to expire June 30. Many of the Democrats who voted for extension did so frankly In re-sponse to an appeal made b? party caucus by majority leader Scott Lucas. He told his colleagues his chances to defeat his Republican opponent in Illinois, Everett Dirk-so- n, hung on Democratic support for rent control. The following day the house voted 202 to 163 to extend the rent control measure. The house meas-ure, however, would extend rent control seven months. Now the two chambers must ap-point a committee to iron out the length of extension before the bill can be sent to President Truman. Like the senate bill, the house measure provides that when ex-tended federal law again runs out on December 31, 1950, or Janu-ary 31, 1951, depending on which version Is adopted the governing bodies of municipalities can vote an additional extension until June 30, 1951. DISARMAMENT: U. S. Just Talking Sixteen outstanding scientists, educators, and clergymen have Is-sued a five-poi- program calling for total disarmament and accus-ing the United States of Just paying lip service to disarmament while actually discouraging such a step. The five points: complete bipartisan foreign poli-cy to cover all areas of the world. The senator, however, did not entirely abandon the music of Iso-lationism with which he has often been associated. He added that he believed the U. S. can contribute most to meeting the challenge (of Russia) if it maintains "a free hand" and avoids any committ-ments, such as arms aid, now or "land-mas- s fighting in Europe" if fiehtine breaks out. 1. An immediate halt to atomic bomb production, with stockpiles to be taken over by the U. N. pend-ing further negotiations. 2. Acceptance of the Soviet pro-posal for national rather than I-nternationalatomic ownership, un-der an agreement blocking large-scal- e production. 3. Acceptance of the American proposal for international inspec-tion of atomic resources and pro-duction. On the bipartisan foreign policy problem, Taft was not Jumping completely to either side of the fence. He wanted it understood he believed a bipartisan policy could be achieved on "specific projects" when there Is advance consulta-tion with "elected Republicans in congress." He was critical of two recent de-velopments, particularly the "bal-anced collective forces" concept agreed upon by the Atlantic pact foreign minister In London, and the $1,222,500,000 second-installme-arms- ai- d program. He said the building up of European forces might incite Russia to attack on grounds that it constituted "ag-gressive action." Primary Winner 4. A compromise in the U. S.- j.. .ua ji. itfj'Laf.'ffi.aaaa'.i. 'i iaajaS'i it ' '',, ri ir nmrnf Soviet disagreement over whether atomic stockpiles should be des-troyed before or after international controls go into effect. 5. Abolition of all armies and conventional armaments at the same time atomic weapons are de-stroyed. The report was signed by Albert Einstein and novelist Louis Brom-fiel- d, among others, and said In part: "Officially appointed representa-tives to the UN tell the world that the U.S. wants disarmament and only Russia stands In the way. Yet other American officials do what they can to discourage disarma-ment. Most observers agreed the pro-gram proposed was idealistic, but hardly practical In the light of world events. i i NEW CAMERA: 26 Miles in Picture 1 The Air Force has announced the development of a camera that will take 28 miles of picture from 10,000 feet. The picture can be taken in two seconds. The air force said the camera tests to determine Its value in re-connaissance. Whether it will be installed in new aircraft was not disclosed. The distance can be Increased by a corresponding elevation of the plane, the air force reported. James Roosevelt gives out with the famed Roosevelt smile after winning the Demo-cratic nomination for govern-or of California. He will meet Governor Earl Warren, Re-publican nominee, in Novem-ber. INVASION: Red Youths Threaten Ever since the gigantic Red youth rally in Soviet Germany it has been apparent to observers that the Communists were not sat-isfied at all with the results of that rally. Now East Germany threatened to send its blueshirted Communist youths marching into West Ger-many. And western leader, warned they would "shoot If necessary" to keep them out. REMINGTON: Resigns Post William W. Remington, com-merce department employee, who with Michael Lee, another $10,000 a year man In the department, were handed a "quit or be fired" order last May, has resigned his post. Remington is under indictment for perjury. He is accused of ly-ing when he denied ever being a Communist. Lee has refused to resign until the loyalty board has ruled on his patriotism. Chicago Is Livestock Barometer AS m0Ar!iet' ChiC? iSi knWnL u: the livestock barometer of the world. commission there are bonded under aovorn ment supervision m amounts corresponding to the volume of their business. Management of the Chicago yards is proud that ducer has ever lost a single dollar m a transaction no pro of the throughout the long history company. All sales are on a cash basis. A nod of the head or a gesture of a hand indicating agreement on price, binds the and the buyers word closes the deal, whether buying tS a or a single animal. I 10 Million to I While much of the nation was reading about methods to curb gambling, a story from Las Vegas, Nev., reported a gambler made 28 passes at the dice table, something that happens once in 10,000,000 times. The gambling casino said it lost $150,000 and the gambler, who won only $750, could have taken 6 had he Jt bis bets accumu-late. |