| Show U ster Situation Explained by Ut Utahn hn What Home Rule Really Means Explained by One Who Studied It Without Religious Prejudice dice Will Ii Great Britian Have Civil War Soon i s N Note Note Mr Holman now dean of ot r the law Jaw department at al the University of ot Utah and a member of or a n Jaw law firm Ilm In Inthis Inthis Inthis D this city had bad an excell excellent nl opportunity to tu the home rule bill 1111 wUen he lie was K H. student at Oxford tic Itc presents a n review of r f th tM UJ Ulster ter situation without prejudice By TRA PRANK E. E HOLMAN of or th the talk of ot eh and armed opposition which na has In Inthe th the lie north of ot Ireland against the proposed ca home rule TUIe legislation of the Liberal ci I gov go- government v- v the press fl public In III thIs thia country have hare taken a rt JJr larger r st than usual In the matter of ur Irish homo home rule This Ibis Interest Involves ol principally that feature of ot the th Irish which h ml may 1 xi called the tho Ulster situation The Tho t l situation Clan seems to ha have 0 assumed I more than I. I II It J has lias o over ever before at- at f ii 4 in connection with home rule leg lex- Neither of the thc home rule bills of Vt and were so o h In Involved In- In oln 1 with or opposition In Ulster as the present measure measure- It ma may h because the chance hanco of ot home homo rule role pa passIng n ver m-ver vei before toad tood In such certainty and th the Ulster Ulster- m mn consequently did not flOt prepare reparo them- them ls 1 S for tor tho ultimate ultima to extremity of ot op- op rf Ulon In the nature of or arrn armed d re resistance St fr-St all events Ulster at al Iho present time I t f. ems ms set cot against home rule to to th the extent of re resisting b. b by h. force If IC I A few weeks ug ago apo the dally daily IN S featured the tl organization of oC the Ulster Itter opposition In large Forces were cre b being ln drilled and Into I to a volunteer army equipped and ready rady to lo oppose tho whole power of the th government ItO lOt Sir Edward Carson Caron left Ifft the arguments of the of oC Common Com Com- mon upon the the second reading of the lie Mme me rule rille bill hili to take nIce command In Ulster The prospect of tending the army n against the nus received d l lly liy v army drle dr- dr lt le with wit distinct lI disapproval al and we w were rr pres presented d with the HK of soldIers sol ol- dl dIers rs asking the a assurance of wh where re the they serve sene before a r to serve o The dl disaffection led t to one or Oi two I resignations sl nations of hIgh officers und cabinet orHal or- or 1 Hal lall and nid Ihu prime prune minister t Dr r himself I i was was forced to jS the tilt portfolIo of the YaI office anti ami n pl rrt urn h a 3 I I O ii r Wrong Impression ion ie j Ve e In this country have e perhaps looked upon impel the situation as ai or an anomaly an and I viewed Iwed wed It with some ome ur- ur Vc We e had supposed perhaps that Inthe years I ar of or struggle upon part of or It toward home rull the lU l- l U Mon lion n carne came exclusively ely l front from that I hut for or that opposition home rule would I Ilon lon long Ions since have haw become an established tact fact that Ireland hla was united in It Its de- de for Ii a separate 1 legislature Gladstone's Glad Glad- stones stone's tOne c in Iii 1 ISM sn ed erl I the he House oC of- of Commons till lint I vos ws unceremoniously unceremonious mon ou ly turned down h hy the The Th present nt through ih th the fir of lr three thice elections the chap hanf of failure allure of ultimate sui s from run this source b by e T of which takes 1 away wa the 1 power ow r of oC the House of ot Lords in tins this und antI other matters b by providIng providing providing pro pro- viding that a bill shall become a law without the he a assent enl of the lords If passed upon a third reading In the commons and followed ry th lii royal loyal assent But Hut now with the present home rule rulo bill at tl Its us thIrd rend reading I the time Conservative party furnishes a it new nw and formidable Instrument instrument Instrument ment of oC opposition In III the conditions In Ulster llster and It Is 18 h by no means clear what the lie outcome i ii to be Am Americana had hind pr supposed f in a n general wa way nay that h when n a home rulo ruin bill could get h by the British parliament the IrIsh situation would be bo solved and lId consequently Inthe In Inthe the thc strong and andI I vigorous orous opposition of or a apart apart apart part of or Ireland Itself we find ourselves In something of oC ofa a quandary Thin quandary Is natural in 3 a and not mint altogether to be cear cleared cleard d up ItI Itis It ItIs I Is only possible to suggest something orthe or ot the causes of or time the so 0 called Ulster filia Hua- tion nn and 1 the I Issue ue Involved for foi It 11 Is hardly possible for Cor a Q native In n one country to understand a situation In anOther an- an Other r country where that situation Is made up of oC n a series of oC antecedent social and political tI en I causes It Il Is s necessarY cesary first of oC all aU to review enough of ot the history atthe of at the Irl Irish h question to give a a. background for the understanding of tho home rule lule point of view and the Ulster point of V view i CS' CS First Conquest of Ireland The first conquest of Ireland which realty really pretended to bring the Island under England was vas that or the tho authority of Ireland Henry Henn- II Previous to this time had been loft left to such political and social al under the organization on as was possible dan clan system stem of ot Celtic chiefs True True- there had been een foreign forein Incursions prior to this time but they the had made little e Pretense to an anything t like a complete subjection of the tho Island Henry l would have hac perhaps c established ta hll herl n an n efficient and anel lasting gt go O after the manner of oC the l Introduced h by by the Normans Into England but the e early history or of Ireland was affected by nn an Incomplete and par par- Henrys Henry's attentions were ml subjugation called c to and t hIs controversY I aBecket with the pope pop o er Thomas nUY Ireland wm was left to lapse so 50 fa far I as It might to lo Its Us P previous iou lou social Not ot until the ansI and al o gan tIme Ume of henry VIII III was there a serious erIouS attempt on the part of DC England to assert assert as as- of ot dominance sert full authority and fh th the En English lIsh crown the moro more or oress orless of oC Henry Henr VII less ess vacillating policy Henry ll Henry mv VIII not only considerably enlarged en- en th time the limits of order and peace but established an nn arl aristocracy In the lie 1 Island I which looked hooked up to the crown and ander er cr very largely governed o In Its behalf In a r ash gh ghIon Ion Inn on the same as the aristocracy In tIme tho genera genera- England almost to present lion has lidS governed o In behalf of the lie crown nut But during the time rest of or tho the Tudor pe period e P.- P. nod Ireland was disturbed b by Internal dimensions dIssensions and strong strom English anti feelings The Tho chaotic condition of oC rebellion rebellion rebellion rebel rebel- I lion awl and dIscontent continued without an any c cOmplete dominance on tho the part of or Eng Erig- land Jand until the a attempt at subjugation on the part of James I. I This was an attempt attempt at attempt at- at tempt to force tho lie abandonment of or Celtic In all parts o of Ireland and to substitute substitute sub sub- English law Jaw and the tho English S system g tem tern or of land tenure The Tho consequence was vas wasa vasa a revolution und and as part parl of ot the result of this the time lands in six nix of the counties of Ulster comprising more than thre millions millton of or acres were decreed at atthe attlio the disposition of the crown An n effort was made to pour Into the region English and Scotch Hootch colonists and to make It the scat seat of or a n strong sot set attached t by v blood bloo and faith to tho the British name To old avoid pro pro- iOus failures allures and attempts at al colonization tion of or this kind only tho the best lands land were chosen and the grants were wera made mado smaller than usual At the same Bame time large arge tracts of ot land were given to the Anglican church It has been bean said MId that the prosperity and advancement of Ulster lates elates from this period and the settlement on the soil soli of ot British h and Scotch cob colo- I Uprising In 1641 The dissensions lons in England during the I early part parl of the tho commonwealth period seemed to give gl Ireland and particularly tho time descendants of those who ho had been robbed of ot their lands in Ulster r. r the tho 01 op op- to strike a Ct blow to regain their possessions A general rising took place In Ulster In October 1641 It is said Bald that a a great number of ot men women and children were massacred The rebellion spread through throughput ut Ireland and aud the dif dif- o continued with varying fortune until Cromwell landed banded in Dublin August 1649 1643 and began his campaign of oC merciless merci merel- less Jess conquest sl and annihilation until finally lually the whole of ot Ireland lay bay prostrate at Ws Ius feet Tho The leaders of or the rebellion rebel- rebel lion Ion were hanged Tho The Catholic religion was proscribed and some or of oC those in rebellion virtually deported to foreign lands Cromwell set Ret about a scheme of colonization larger than any before boore bo bo- ore fore undertaken He attempted one important Important Im Im- im- im constitutional change he conceived conceIved con con- the parliamentary union of oC the three kingdoms necessary ar He lie did away with the tho Irish parliament and summoned n a certain number of or Protestant members to represent ent Ireland In his reformed H 1 use of or Commons He was thus the precursor of ot the time union of another age With the time restoration confusion contusion and disorder returned re- re turned to Ireland There was an a attempt at- at t- t tempt empt to confirm the policy of or Cromwell amid nd to make Protestant ascendancy and amid Catholic subjection permanent Matters continued very veo much In statu quo until time time line of James Janies II IL He reversed the ord order r of or things b by handing Ireland virtually vir vir- vir over O to the Catholics With his dethronement l Ireland declared for him to toa toa toa a man and with the accession of oC William and amid Mary Ian the lie rc rebellion C of 1668 broke broko out Irish li Sprang to Arms Anus The Irish sprang to arms and EnglIsh EngIsh Eng- Eng Ish lIsh colonists were driven en Into Ulster Jam James s pla played ed tho the king for a while in DubIn Dub- Dub In un lin but eventually William reduced the Island once more mor to complete subjection Soon after the fall taU of Limerick the EnglI EngIsh Eng- Eng lI Ish h parliament undertook the passage of at the he penal la laws lalI lI Demoralization followed these la laws ws and nd Irish history for Cor or nearly years Is a history of the discontent and resentment and more or less Jess open rebellion of or a p people held In subjection Catholics were ere entirely entirety excluded from an any participation In the affairs of oC government The Irish parliament In the latter Jatter part of or the el eighteenth was a a. representative o body only in name It had nothing noth- noth In ing ng to do with Catholic Ireland save to oppress It Il and do It wron wrong It was elected by small bodies bodles of or the Protestant Protest Protest- ant caste Though stilt still fettered b by Po law It 14 by degrees degree acquired an nn Initiative in certain legislation but it was vas rea really II overborne o by the English par- par lament Perhaps the tho first suggestion of or the union which finally came In 1800 was wag made in 1759 but nothing came of It It was very much resented by ibn In England Fifteen years earB later the quarrel with America had hind an art Important effect upon Irish opinion All Alt of Ireland particularly Ulster was enthusiastic for the success UCC of Washington But the parliament par par- Itself filled with nominees of the crown supported George III IlL But to a certain extent the American revolution helped to pave P the way for a more liberal liberal lib lib- lib lib- eral policy In Ireland 1 The Irish parliament parlia parlia- ment mont Itself threw throw In Its lot with tho the ma ma- of or the pe people Grattan rattan made an address R setting forth Corth the wrongs of ot his countr countrymen men and demanding legislative in iii- iii dependence for Ireland It resulted in a complete triumph for Cor the Irish Protestant Protestant Protestant Protest Protest- ant colon colony which became all an but an In Independent In- In dependent state In theory only united to En England land h by the tho link of or the crown But Catholic Ireland still stilt remained a distinct people oppressed and dc degraded In the re relations re- re lations of ot life Thus matters continued until the French revolution came like a tempest and disturbed the comparative peace In iii Ireland Dissensions arose within Ireland Itself and carne came to be a it savage war of at religion and race It was wai wasa a war of or arme armed 1 Protestants backed b by a military force wa waged ed with a Catholic peasantry half hair maddened by bi wrong It Jt left a leac legacy of ot blighted hopes and evil memories and it had bad only Just ended when Pitt began to la lay grounds for the union He lie saw n nas as the regency question had 1151 made mada manifest that the two legisla tures might dangerously h. h clash dash Ho lie saw the danger of oC this at al a period of war also that probably the b best st m means l an-l to secure the tho established li-hed li church in Ireland to keep the lie land In Protestant hands and to lo main main- raIn tain the Protestant settlement was wag to tomake make malce Ireland one with Great Britain Th union was accomplished by evil c moans means England bought up the foe fee simple of at Irish corruption After the union there was waR a growing 1 attachment of Ulster to the BritIsh British Brit Brit- ish connection particularly bec because by b ba a 1150 act of ot policy the Irish Presbyterian ministry received an au endowment from the state slate which was aU augmented from time to time and made the tho Presbyterian church chuich In Ulster devotedly loyal Claims of or Catholics Gradually through the efforts effort of at OConnell O'Connell OCon nell attention was t called to the tho claims of oC the Catholics for equality un tit Thou Though h a Catholic could not enter parliament he lie stood od for tor parliament and was returned In ea easy y triumph Parliament gave t e Its ns assent ent to Catholic emancipation In 18 1829 J. J Soon after aeter OConnell O'Connell began to arouse lIen xen- In fa or fa or a or of ot tIme the repeal of tho lie law and from th then n until the time present da day n agi l- l tation has continued from Crom time to time for Cor or repeal repent In iii 1886 Mr 11 Gladstone brought ht forward his liEs first home rule bill The Tho government gay gov o ornament was WUK defeated upon It and In nna an nn a appeal I to the electorate electora te there re was war an unequivocal condemnation of Mr Gladstone's Glad Clad stones stone's measure In IS ln having been recalled to power Mr Gladstone tono submitted sub sub- J the second scheme for home homo rule This ThiN passed tho the Hou House e of Commons Common but was defeated as aR heretofore Indicated in inthe Inthe inthe the House e of Ix The Time present home bionic rule bill Is now ti up for It Its third reading and If IC passed td will become law and GIve e Ireland a separate Ic legislature This his much of oC Irish history |
