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Show if TlL OH) ft frff j ((I J fir AralMKVrrtV rVlsn j rfftvKKKY eQ; AMA (TfflV ID ft rrjlffll I CI T57 NO. 51. An Independent NewtoaDar "" ' - ' BINGHAM CANYON, UTAH, FRIDAY, MAY 21, 1948 Oldet Weekly In Salt Lake Couniy PHONE 91 Itopresent tifIC SERVICE AWARD FRIDAY -- N r.gham Canyon Aerie No. 659, IF nrnal Order of Eagles, which --A :ts an award for outstand- -' Immunity service by a lead- -' wham citizen, has chosen L ,l Adderley, owner, and man-- I i Bmeham Mercantile Co., as J J'recipient for the award in it was announced today by lias Fitzgerald. Mr. Adder-phose- n by aerie officers Offt I Lis many years of community Kffll ice and as a civic leader. le award will consist of a ci-l- vi ervice certificate which will fwl resented at a special meeting M I 'CO hall at 8 - Friday, M i 28. It will be tendered by J J- - Creedon. f to explaining the award for service, Mr. Fitzgerald said J Eagles to stimulate commu-- 7 activities will confer the ijids to give deserved recog-- k 'n to Deisons who contribute public welfare. Any ;(he Binxham Canyon and vic-j- h-is eligible to receive the ?M' Membership in the Eagles I t a reqquisite. I j-- . Adderley, who will receive I fc:.ii'ard, has been active in city 1 ftrs, having served as mayor, 1 id organize and incorporate S 4 city, also the Bingham city '1 t department. He is a member j (jhe Lions club and Business J s i club. jj the rational Eagle organiza-- i a in April selected Cardinal H !man as the recipient of its f jjonal award. This award is in monthly to some outstand-;- , j leader in America or Canada fpr 1 distinguished service in a f1 d of Eagle interest. Cardinal frJman is the head of the I olic diocese in the city of $; York. Many friends and as-cites of Mr. Adderley are cor-!-y invited to attend. EAGLES TO HAVE MANY GUESTS TONITE 8.uJar Eagles meeting will be tonight, Friday, at 8 o'- clock at Eagles hall. After a short business meeting a sports pro-gram will be discussed. Mickey Scanlon, scout for New York Yankees; Tom Mooney, sports Eddie Mulligan, president of Salt Lake Bees; George Beckstead, head of amateur baseball; B J Santistevan and Al Ablett will be in attendance. Anyone inter- ested in sports is invited to at- tend. o COPPER COMPANY MAILS LETTERS TOEMPLOYEES The following letter, dated May 15, was mailed to employees of Kennecott Copper Corporation, Utah Copper Division: Dear Fellow Employee: It seems to me that all em-ployees are entitled to know, and would like to know, about the reasons why the company term-inated the CIO working agree- - ments. You have probably heard that the company wrote letters ad-dressed to the International Un-ion of Mine, Mill & Smelter Workers, its District Union No. 2 and to IUMMSW Locals 392, 485 and 692, saying that the company had elected to terminate the work contracts as of June 30, 1948. This was done for two reasons: 1. Because the unions had re- - quested changes in practically every section of the agreements, and 2. Because of the failure of of-ficers of the union to file affidavits with the National Labor Relations Board. In connection with reason No. 1, the unions asked that prac-tically every section of the agree-ments be changed, which meant almost an entire-ly new contract. In view of this, we thought it would be best to start out fresh on a whole new contract. The principal reason, however, for terminating the contracts, is No. 2. This is the failure of un-ion officers to file affidavits with the NLRB pursuant to the 1947 Labor Man-- ', agement Relations Act. This Act states that before any union can have the services of the NLRB, the union's officers must file non Communist affidavits. We believe that real Americans are concerned about the spread of Communism. Many of us have heard it said that the Commu-nists have wormed their way in-to positions of power in some American unions in order to spread their treacherous doctrin-es. We have also heard it said that they want to control the American lobor movement, so that the Communists can manip-ulate the unions to attain their own selfish ends. Apparently the Communist Fifth Column activi-ties in America are a dangerous threat to all of us. It seemed to us that it is time to quit talking about the Com-munist threat to our way of life, and to actually do something ut it. Therefore, we decided that we would not bargain with anyone who has failed to file a ist affidavit. This same policy is also being follow-ed at Kennecott's operations in Nevada, Arizona and New Mex-ico. Practically all workers in the United States are good Ameri-cans. We believe this is particu-larly true of Utah Copper divis-ion employees. According to a bulletin issued by IUMMSW Local 392 at the mills, we notice the Executive Board of that local has recom-mended that officers of the local sign the affidavits. This is an in-dication of the kind of Americans we believe Utah Copper division employees are, and we congrat-ulate the Executive Board of Lo-cal 392 on their action. We would like you to feel as-sured that we stand ready to bargain with any one the em-ployees properly select to repre-sent them, so long as the repre-sentative has filed a affidavit. That is the com-pany's policy. In keeping with this policy, your management has already started meeting with some unions representing em-ployees. This week, meetings have been held with three un-ions and negotiations started on a revised labor contract for the coming year. These unions are: International Association of Ma-chinists, Lodge 568 at the mine; the International Union of Op-erating Engineers, AFL, Local 3 at the mine; and International Brotherhood of Electrical Work-ers AFL, Local 1081 at the mine. We understand officers of! many of the unions representing employees have filed affidavits. In each case, however, the offic-ers are being asked to furnish evidence that they have filed affidavits. . , We hope you will agree witn the action your management has taken Cordially yours, D. D. MOFFAT o CIVIC CLUB TO HOLD FASHION SHOW Bingham Women's Civic club will hold their final meeting of their club year next Wednesday evening, May 26 at 7:30 p.m. at BCO hall. After a short business meeting, a fashion show, dis-playing Bingham Merc. Co. fash-ions will be held under the di-rection of Mrs. C. L. Camp. Pi-ano selections and intermission music will be by Gerry Shilling and Kaye Abplanalp will render two vocal solos. Mrs. Alice Cun-ningham will be in charge of the tea table. Executive officers of the club will be hostesses for the evening. All members are urged to be present and bring a guest. O KINDERGARTEN TO BEGIN MONDAY Summer kindergarten classes for a six week period begin next week in 12 schools throughout Jordan school district according to Arthur E. Peterson, superin-tendent. The classes will start next Mon-day, May 24 in most schools and continue through July 2 and will be for all children who will be six by October 31 of this year. A birth certificate must accom-pany the children on the first day when they register. Equipment and teachers will be furnished by the district, but the patrons must furnish their own transportation. Kindergarten classes will be held in Bingham Central, Butler, Copperton, Dra-per, Lark, Midvale, Riverton, Sandy, South Jordan, Union, Upper Bingham and West Jor-dan schools. Kindergarten at Bingham Cen-tral and Copperton will begin Tues., May 25 at 10 a.m. 0 BES. GRADUATES 63 WEDNESDAY Sixty-thre- e Bingham high school seniors, comprising this year's graduating class, received diplomas in impressive commen-cement exercises held Wednes-day evening in the school audi-torium at Copperton. "Our Cultural Heritage" was the theme of the program pre-sented by graduates. Douglas Morris gave the salutatory ad-dress and Carol Peterson the valedictory address. Other speak-ers included Joyce Miller, Robert Beard, Lois Groves and Margaret McKeilar. Beverly Seal acted as mistress of ceremonies. Catherine Chipian gave the invocation and the benediction was given by Garland Bray. Vocal and instrumental num-bers included a clarinet solo, "Dancing Shadows" by Robert Bailey; vocal solo "Villanelle" by Kaye Abplanalp; saxophone solo Estilian Caprice by Mickey Culleton; vocal solo "Bells of the Sea" by Billy Densley; trombone solo "Castles in the Air" by Gene Olsen; "When Day Is Done" was rendered by the girls double trio; "Kashmiri Song" was sung by the senior chorus and "Now Is the Hour" is the title of the senior class song. Graduates who have a B plus average or better during their four years in high school are Helen Austin, Kaye Abplanalp, Zenaida Aguayo, Robert Beard, Jayne Bigler, Garland Bray, Ar-thur Bentley, Neil Congdon, Ca-therine Chipian, Michael Culle-ton, Erma June Gammell, Lois Groves, Janice Hansen, Douglas Morris, Margaret McKeilar, Joyce Miller, Billy Nevers, Carol Pe-terson and Jerry Pollock. Following the program a com-plimentary graduation dance was held in the high school gym. O - JORDAN DISTRICT BOND ELECTION NEXT TUESDAY Taxpayers of Jordan school dis-trict will vote next Tuesday, May 25 upon a special bond issue of $750,000, proposed by the Board of Education, for the purpose of erecting new school buildings and an extensive repair program throughout the entire district. The issue is the foundation of a $4,000,000 rebuilding program sought by the district, said Arthur E. Peterson, superintendent. Plans are to finance the repairs by increasing levies to six mills above the state minimum school levy, he stated. Advance plans call for con-struction of new schools at Mid-val- e, Lark, Sandy and West Jor-dan, and a district-wid- e remodel-ing project on present school buildings in the order of their need. Approximately $200,000 is be-ing spent in the rebuilding pro-gram currently in progress at West Jordan junior high school, which experienced a disastrous roof collapse last fall, and the erection of a new elementary building at Midvale probably will be next, the superintendent said. Sandy elementary school, also a hazard, may be razed next and a new one built, to be fol-lowed by a new structure at Lark. Voting on May 25 will take place in all five county precincts und polls will be open from 7 a.m. to 8 p.m. Voting districts, polling places and judges of election in Fifth school repre-sentative county precinct No. 10 or Bingham district are listed below respectively; District 350 Copperton grade school Mrs. Ann M. Denver, Mrs. Helen Sullenger, Mrs. Cora Skinner; Districts 351 and 352 Bing- ham Central school Mrs. Elsie Martin, Mrs. Mildred Johnson, Mrs. Charlotte Murano, Mrs. Lot- - tie Rawlings; District 353 Copperfit-l- school Mrs. B. Leatherwood, Mrs. Manila Anderson, Miss Stella Klopenstine; ' District 354 Highland Boy school Vernon Jeffcott, Mrs. Ann Predovich, Mrs. Milka Smil-anic- h; District 355 Lark school house Mrs. Kathleen Sonne, Mrs. Dora Thomas, Mrs. Zelma Peterson. ANNOUNCES FOR STATE LEGISLATURE Harold Chesler, owner of the Princess theatre and member of the city council, last week an-nounced himself as candidate for the state legislature from district 18 on the Democratic ticket. ft.' t vLh:tr, ft HAROLD F. CHESLER In announcing his candidacy, Mr. Chesler said that he felt that the Bingham Canyon district has not received its share of appro-priations from the legislature and that it is necessary that this dis-trict be represented so that we can improve our highways which are now in a deplorable con-dition. We also seem to be miss-ing out on other state projects which should be taken advant-age of, he said. More money goes into state funds from this district than any other in this state and we should have some representation in the legislature to protect the tax-payers of this district: C.A. MORLEY NAMED HEAD OFJJONS CLUB At the regular semi-month- ly business meeting of Bingham Canyon Lions club held Tuesday evening at Bingham club, the following officers and directors were elected for the year 1948-4!- ). r t I . - - 'j - ' j, !l t J f C. A. MORLEY Named president was C. A. Morley, owner and manager of Canyon Motor company. Others elected were J. Lynn Booth, first vice president; T. H. McMullin, second vice president; J. O. Ras-musse- n, third vice president; Francis Oswald, secretary D. F. Johanson, treasurer; Gale Nelson, Lion tamer; . Leonard L. Miller, tail twister; and George Addy, F. A. Miller, H. C. Huntsman and W. H. Harris, directors. Sports Here and There by Al Ablett After having seen all of the teams in the Industrial league in action, it looks like a dog fight between four teams for the flag. At the moment I would say Help-er is the team to beat. They have a good infield and a hard hitting outfield. Mike Wood is doing a bang-u- p job of catching. Wilson's only worry is pitching. Dark has turned in two well pitched gam-es, but he must find some help for him. Magna has a well rounded team headed by cagey Lief Erick- - son. Lief has a scuad that is young in years but wise in the ways of baseball. His infield is anchored around Mosser at short, who is a veteran who is both steady in the field and a dangr-ou- s hitter. In Merrill, Johnson and himself he has two men that know how to pitch and it looks like Lief has come up with a great prospect in this boy Buck-ne- r. The boy is fast and has a fair curve. Lief will have a finished product by the middle of the year. I understand they will add a couple of the boys from the championship Cyprus high school team. Provo has a veteran lineup in the infield and outfield, a great looking young catcher in Elliott, a pitching staff headed by Wan-ake- r, a good left hander and backed up by a couple of veter-ans and a good looking young-ster in Openshaw. Their outfield of Zaccaria, Jensen and Velcheck is the best in the league. With Page and Berge in the infield they will be tough all year. Earl Owen has gathered a young bunch at Pinney and they have plenty of hustle. If they get pitching with big Earl, Less Cra-mer and Bensmiller wielding those big bats they will win plenty of games. Just got word they have signed "Nig" Tate who has been with Sacramento all spring. Occie Evans at Brigham City is in the process of building Bill Cowley, Pete Radu-lovic- h and himself. He has a good looking bunch of youngsters and the second half they will be heard from. Our amateur team won their first game from the DeMolay team with ease. I think the score was 17 to 0. Les Sumnicht and Zaccaria have gathered a bunch of young fellows from Bingham and it looks like they have a win-ner. Les will probably handle the team as Zac is playing with Provo. There won't be a man in the amateur league with more know how than Les, you can bet on that, so the kids are starting out right. Now its up to the fans to give them the kind of support that they deserve. The gun club had one of its biggest shoots last Sunday "and this coming Sunday they are planning another one. A great many shooters took hams and nylons home. I understand they have plenty left, so be there Sun-day, you scatter gun artists. See you next week. AL. n 1 3RDAN GRANTS PAY J) 1 1 HIKES FOR TEACHERS ) I year'v salary increase rang-- I C from $84 to $120 per teacher it Jordan school district has been Jroved for the coming year, :. Arthur E. Peterson an-i- eJ (.need Wednesday. l!r. Peterson said starting sal-"- n I schedules will be $2400 an-it- e JfeUy for those with a BA de- - and $2520 for MA education, 'die lower bracket, salaries range to $3720 per year for ! degrees, depending on length ervice up to 16 years, eachers with MA degrees may ance to $3840 per year sdar-durin- g the 16 year period, he Cast year, Jordan schedules .Brted at $2280 to $3756. B.D.AA FLASHES by Jim Abplanalp BDAA AMATEURS TROUNCE DEMOLAY Bingham's entry in the Ama-teur Diamond loop took a one-sided decision from the inexper-ienced De 'Molay nine 17-- 0 Sun-day at the Copperton stadium. Dean Stringham, hurling near perfect ball, completely shut the door on the opposing hitters, while his team mates collected enough hits, walks and runs to win a world series. Manager Les Sumnicht gave all his charges an opportunity to show their abilities, and with a bit further grooming, feels the locals will have a very strong squad. Stringham allowed only one hit, a freak single toy DeMolay's lead off man, one walk and struck out 15. The locals fielded and hit well and are determined to make baseball the attraction it once was in Bingham. A very small crowd witnessed our local boys' debut back into organized baseball. For several years the cry has been "why doesn't Bingham have a ball team"? We have asked ourselves why can't our local athletes con-tinue their 'baseball careers and at the same time furnish some worthwhile entertainment. For several years, a movement has been underway to do just this, and finally it has been ac-complished. You people who have worked and donated time and money to see baseball again in Bingham can feel proud of the fine bunch of boys that are out for this team. The best uniforms and equipment have been pur-chased and the ball club, as a whole, need not feel inferior to any club in the league. Right now is the time for base-ball to make a comeback or die for lack of fan support. The small turn cut was very disappointing last Sunday. With the cost of admission so little, BDAA mem-bers free, we see no reason why the fans who have been clamor-ing for baseball cannot attend these games. Lets get out and take advant-age of this fine sport and the recreation we should all enjoy. Bingham plays Rushtons at Mu-nicipal park today (Thursday) and at Midvale Sunday. Next home game will be played at Copperton Friday, June 4. SOFTBALL SCRAMBLE GETS UNDERWAY Monday night the six team Softball league got a good start with A & M taking the feature game from Bingham Lions 4 to 3, as Copperton defeated the Eagles 13 to 8 and Lark dropped a 10 to 5 decision to the hard-hitting Standard Garage nine. The 1948 BDAA Softball race promises to end up in a torrid finish this season, as the six squads are evenly matched throughout. Tonight (Friday) the Eagles have their talons sharpened up for their encounter with the Standard crew, Lions and Cop-perton clash in the second round, and A & M journeys to Lark to try for their second victory. Get out and enjoy these games, there all good. BINGHAM HIGH SCHOOL NEWS t I Bonnie June Olsen nnual Award Assembly s'i Tuesday Bingham high school annual I srd assembly was held Tues-- ?' morning with Principal T. McMullin in charge. Student officers of the past year re called to the stand where Byron Birch presented each !i:n a certificate. Those receiv-1- 3 awards were: Douglas Mor-- I President; Catherine Chipian, p President; Mickey Culleton, rretary-treasure- r; Bill Nevers, Fness manager; Zane Dumont, pr; Jerry Watkins, yell mis-F'S- s. Newly elected officers were fy introduced and include ."! Tibbie, president; Patsy mus, vice president; Ned Brown 15 rretary-treasure- r; Bill Drossos, t"css ITmanager; Abel Ose-'or- S, ht editor; Jane 'izuki, yearbook editor; and v ,t5tead yel1 mistress. 'lbcrt Kastelic, repre-ln- 8 I the Women's Civic club, n Presented an award to Cath-;- e Chiplan for her outstand-LhoJ.- " the Past years at high school. K stile th?lMted t0 g t0 year were an- - A 3 Willis BiK PaPPasideris. 1 jScDa wards were presented i 1 ck"?,6"' music director-rav- e Lhlllin8. Gene Olsen, nPla,nalP. Bob Bailey, CuCftn- - Jean Gadd-A-BlU Densley, ,Mar-- 'l 11 McKeilar, J. D. Boren, Don ;Wede5f'.ua,nt'stevan tne" Pre '"Uowinl Ktba11 awards to the WoMgn0ys: Bil1 Nevers, Zane Cuieton uMlke Currv. Mickey W arrv Manos, Douglas 8ray.Rer Adderley, Garland sale,' &cP01;- - David Gon-,9r.Bi- W Stoddard, Bill Tay-P- at Mo'rer, Rex Leatherwood, JnCntoga Ronald Ball, Dick Kinslev n obT Jenkins. Ronald rson anX L'Psey, James Pe- - Don Gust. d'c"ti, del1 Peterson then person nlne, Chipian, James 'SKCaLro1 Peterson and ?ards W na to receive a- - honi01r dramatic support operetta. E. Odell Peterson presented tennis awards to Arthur Bentley, Bob Pullan, Boyd Stoddard, Ro-bert Beard, Kent - Christensen and David Curry. Basketball awards presented by Coach Sunny Allsop were given to Mickey Culleton, Harry Man-os, Douglas Morris. Cal Nelson, Boyd Stoddard, Rudy Pino, Don Gust, Chris Goris, Bob Jenkins, Dick Jenkins, and Tom Brown. Coach Santistevan presented baseball awards to Rudy Pino, Junior Ball, Brig Knudsen, Bob Moore, John Garahana, Don Gust, Harold Patrick, Phil Mpn-toy- a, Bob Jenkins, Dick Jenkins, Mickey Culleton, Cal Nelson, Douglas Morris and Tom Brown. Typing awards were presented by Miss Grayce Anderson to Donna Lee Cook, Gerald Downs, Melia Furgis, Barbara Harris, Margy Isbell, Max Ivie, Evelyn Klonizos, Maurine Morley, Mary Pappasideris and Pat Rasmussen. Scholarship awards then fol-lowed, given by class advisors. They are Sophomore by Mr. Penrod to Jean Nelson, Jeff Tid-we- ll and Allan Lyon; junior by James W. Bingham to Maurme Morley, Mary Pappasideris, Boyd Stoddard and J. D. Boren; senior by Robert Payne to Douglas Morris, Joyce Miller, Robert Beard and Carol Peterson. Dance awards were given hy Virginia Harris, dance instructor to Jayne Bigler, Jerry Watkins, Margaret Nix and Janice Hansen. Junior High Award Assemb y An assembly was also , held to distribute awards to junior nign students. E. Odell Peterson was inSCchholfrshiP award- s- seventh grade Kara Congdon, Trevor Walker, Grant Pullan, David Pe-terson, Clyde Augustson; eighth gradV-- Dalia Martin, Janiel Joan Beard, Rebecca Ag-Saj- o; ninth grad- e- Amy M.ya, Patsy Creedon, Luene Jatfka- - Coach Allsop awards to Ronald Kastelic and Billy Collard Music awards presented by LaVern J. Dickson director were high music Beverly Jensen, Davia Peterson, Norman Doman and Richard Carter. Junior high op (Continued on page ten; LAST RITES HELD FOR O.C. HUDSON Funeral services for Otto Charles Hudson Sr., 65, 121 Cyp-rus, Copperton, who died Thurs-day, May 13 in a Salt Lake hos-pital of complications, were held Tuesday at 2 p.m. in Copperton LDS ward chapel by Bishop Rex B. Garrett. A son of Otto and Martha J. Dorton Hudson, he was born June 10, 1882 in Lehi. He was educat-ed in Lehi schools and was a member of Copperton ward, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-da- y Saints. He worked for Ken-necott Copper Corp., starting as a clerk in 1910, and remained with that company until illness forced his retirement. He married Ruth Mae Brim-ha- ll August 2, 1919 at Pocatello, Idaho. Mr. Hudson is survived by his widow, Copperton; a son and two daughters, Otto Charles Hudson Jr., Copperton; Mrs. Lois Adeine Landheim, Pensacola, Fla., and Mrs. Evelyn Jeanne Kanniainen, Highland Boy; two grandchild-ren; five sisters and two broth-ers, Mrs. Ethel Wallace, Mrs. Bernice Kunkle and Mrs. Irene Mayme, Salt Lake City; Mrs. Doretta Morie, Mrs. Ella Gough and Harry Hudson, Logan; and Myron Hudson, Pocatello. POPPY DAY NEXT WEEK This year Poppy day will be held two days next Monday and Tuesday, May 24 and 25. Plans have been completed for Poppy day teams of volunteer workers from the American Legion aux-iliary and cooperating organiza-tions. Volunteer workers will be assigned to different parts of the city, each working under a team captain. Team captains will be announced by Mrs. John Panta-lon- e. All Poppy day workers will give their time without pay. Mrs. Pantalone explained contributions made for poppies will go to the rehabilitation and child welfare funds of the Legion and auxil-iary to be used for the benefit of disabled war veterans and needy children of veterans dur-ing the coming year. These con-tributions form a large part of the money expended by the Leg-ion and auxiliary in their vast rehabilitation and welfare work. WHO MAY VOTE AT BOND ELECTION: Any registered voter who is a taxpayer, a person who pays real estate tax, personal property or automobile taxes. If property is listed in name of the husband and the wife is a registered voter, she is entitled to vole. However, if the property is listed in name of wife the husband is not elig-ible to vote. Where property is listed under joint ownership, both husband and wife are elig-ible to vote. Further information may be obtained from judges and registrars at the polls. PROCLAMATION WHEREAS those millions of Americans, whose lives were only remotely affected by the recent war, whose democratic form of government was preserved by the actions of the relatively few who were serving in the armed forces, owe a debt of gratitude to those who served which can never be repaid, and WHEREAS the American Legion Auxiliary and Veterans of Foreign Wars are again conducting a fund raising program which will allow us, by the simple act of purchasing a poppy, the opportunity to express a feeling of thankfulness to the members whose wounds have not yet healed, and WHEREAS there can be no simpler way to ex-press our thanks than to contribute to a fund which shall be used to make the lives of those convalescents a little brighter; Now, therefore, I, Ralph A. Murano, mayor of the City of Bingham Canyon, do hereby proclaim May 24 and 25 to be Poppy Days, and urge all residents of our city to participate by buying a poppy and wearing it in honor of those to whom we owe so much. When the sophomores of the University of Utah take over the. Daily Utah Chronicle campus newspaper, on May 27, fateve Smilanich will be a member of tte editorial staff. For one issue The Chrony is turned each year, over to members of the. sopho- - m0re class to give them journal, ktic experience. At Bingnam high from which he gradu-ated in 1946, Smilanich was on staff. He also served the paper as an officer of his senior class. At the U he is majoring in soci-ology in the school of education. Com. Jim McCoy and Lt. Mer-rym- an of Florida were guests Tuesday and Wednesday of Dr. and Mrs. R. G. Frazier. Com. Mc- Coy was pilot on the 1939-4- 1 Antarctic expedition and in 1947 piloted Adm. Byrd over the pole. |