| Show PORT THE OF THE ToIE fAR EAST I HIT which Is 18 Just Juat now very er r much In the tho public r eye eyl was formerly a 1 ashall shall lI village b at al tho tiro lower end of o a along al l long mountainous t t n ua It Il wan lIIK then called Lushun Kow Co That Thill oriental M LI Hung Hun Chang hulI was wan the tho first to 10 die dis discover cover KH 1111 value aluc s IIo was IUS continued d In tea his opinion 11 by hy some snore load loading lilt hug German Gentian engineers from whom he extracted all III the Information concert concern concernIng Ing Ilg UN Its development that was Willi to In bo ho ob oh obtained nt at slight cost cant It ll woe was his Itle custom can In th to Invite foreign lu 10 visit the tho thoI peninsula I ns his guests AH As a n return for or his hospitality they Iho Nero welo expected to 10 point out nut tho the various steps lellI lending to tn the tho transformation alIon of nt the Into litto a II second II II Ll then per 1 11 a n French to build the dock and annual Under tinder 11 Id lung Hung the Hie port url became a tt strongly ell naval it for An ut the defense of ot Peking and the IIII river In the tho course of oC time the began Kogan to regard the fortress ax us Impregnable and ami n II fooling of oC great Ile ll security outside barbarians reigned In lu the till n eel lf complacent bosom Tho The aged diplomat lived long Inuit enough I to In f see io e his Ills stronghold Into tr by II the guns guim his hie I 4 hated haled o neighbors had bought front from tho rho still more hateful In ISO 1891 1 tho the Japanese captured the place dace and by II tho the terms of oC the treaty r i which wax was signed at 01 f was w ns to retain amnia control of the tho port and also ullo of ol the Iho entire southern const coast of lit j r Manchuria This Thin of o the T f trouble was too sin elve tn to unit stilt either Prance France or nr orr r Hussli e II and 1 they 11 r protested n enIe l 1 UN On account of oC this tide Hero fierce JH 1 lay 1 I sun III l It Il prudent to 10 moderate her herf f ambition not and site he II tine for m a n 1 c rOIl I I of ot about 3 to evacuate C 1111 to tho tiro premium which slip she did In Iti 1895 1800 Throe Three years rift aft afterward erward China leased tho the harbor and certain specified territory to 10 Russia object was to In a naval station stull on which would afford n 1 safe HaCO liar har harbor tt r bor hot for tor 01 her Meet Heel In eastern waters The IIII O wits was given with the Iho understanding that tenancy should not In nil any anyway nil way tray WR Interfere u with Chinas lu In It wan wun stipulated also that th limo tho port should be La open OIJen only ant to 10 and amid lid Japanese vessels As AI noon loon Hoontis he III the had unit secured tine the i which was to 10 run ruu yours years they ho began to put the fortress into a i 1 1 ti condition consistent with modern re requirement The file lies lIel on nn the Ure slope of ol tho the high hills thus which rise around the ctrl ovel Inlet forming the harbor This In Inlet Inlet Inlet let which Is It about two mile froth from f stet mt Ht to 10 voa west smith ono one mile Mlle from north Il to 10 south In Is well wall protected from storms stanna by byrt ti rt 1 spit pt of u land tu Tigers Toll Tall 1111 The Tho ho tall limit tuna I dl gon lly crow across UN lIa northern end and The approach front from seaward Is III unimpressive Straggling hills offshoots from from the rite range rouge of moun mountains which divides the peninsula en encroach croach upon the foreshore nod and bearing hearing no ur or vegetation of any sort Rive to the perspective oi l c a n desolate dc oln te and bar barren barren ren aspect Tho ho anchorage IH Is Inferior Interior and It required nn Immense amount of ot e l I rte ar This L O OC C POUR VIEWS OF TORT PORT ARTHUR labor to make It H possible for lor ships of ot largo large tonnage to 10 enter The fire harbor was originally far too small to give shelter to 10 n a of any uny pretensions When the tho were In control It was not pos POll fur for a II large larR a number of ol warships s sand P and merchant vessels to lie Ile In the lime har harbor harLor harbor bor Lor at et the thu samo 0 time In order that the tho U a G 7 1111 70 r i d Y r w rr J I Ii C GOVERNMENT s iy I 7 Ww Vr PO 95 t r n i G Gam rY Ml L fc Or AC I 1 Sr 4 s ce ss r THE mon FROM THE GR G merchantmen might mI Ib n come t up liP to in the this locks docks II amid unload It II was necessary for tor forthe tho the warships to anchor outside It la In apparent that lIt such a condition would ho he extremely ely uncomfortable In tn once of war IllI f lint stop alop after the lease l be boy became cants came operative WOK was to 10 remodel the lire fortifications The h harbors arbors Improve ment might well he be postponed Its It II In Inaccessibility accessibility made the workmen secure from the passing Attention of many any ends cruis cruising InK ing fleet Heel Meet of ol tho the which hart hall given huch sueh comfort to their Chinese constructors were dismantled and more modern omen on were substituted Upon the ell its rising almost precipitously on 01 both skies of ot the harbor entrance lotteries batteries of ot heavy huv Krupp guns ware placed These Thele wore supported by bya a IL fort tort built on a II hither higher eminence n a 1 lit little littI tie tle tI In the rear All along alon tho time hills north and south of Port Arthur there fro are forts equipped with the tho roost most formula formidable bin ble guns mounted on of hydraulic moving machinery It Is possible to rotate one aria of ol these thell monster firing machines In rather rether less lees than n a tn minute m l nut c thus making R RIt It nearly forty lines us efficient as its ono one of the stationary old time lime pieces To ro crown tills this system of defense there la is built 1111 11 t on the tho summit of oC the lire highest ridge Immediately behind the tho town and overtopping all the Iho other fortifications a n bIRa gigantic fort tori which m sweeps c the rho pen se ns a ato to a n 1 great distance It wirer the lire fire from this thin height that kept Admiral Ad I Ill I ships dodging The system I stem of or Interior defense defenso delou se In Is equally comprehensive slue sive In caNo ense n it 1 fleet should succeed In entering tire tho harbor It would still find Itself the tho target for lor a most active dem dent demonstration Having thus Hum renewed ed the tho defenses the tho rev now tenants of oC Port Arthur turned their attention to the time condition of ot the tho harbor The Tho Chinese hind had Bono dono little to tomake make the port porI available as ns an 1111 anchor anchorage age and the tiro Japanese during their brief occupation had been heen unable to 10 carry eurn throb plans Into effect The Tho ap all approach to the tho harbor IH Is so ao narrow and lind tortuous that It Il would seen ax ire If Il na nil nature nay lure ture had not Intended It for tor a n 1 roadway When time the Muscovites cone came to tn Port Arthur the lire channel was HO no 10 filled with mUll mud that Ihal It Il was Impossible for tor 01 n II large merchantman to tn gel get Cargoes had md to bo he unloaded at Ht the outer otter an anchorage any Into and 1 labor labo laboriously through the lime long winding neck The begun began at al once a n moat most extensive ex ox extensive system of dredging The he Inner harbor was ryas excavated to a n depth sufficient dent to float a n first class chase battleship Tire Tho rocks which blocked the lire gateway were lero loosened with dynamite lull wul re rc removed moved by hy means of floating cranes nf tit giant capacity L AH As n it result of months alto altoe of e unremitting toll tho width s of ot f the Its entrance at lit HH its widest point palm wn was In lit Increased creased to 10 no yards while ut itt the tiro nor nar narrowest spot It Is l only dOO feet In lu width In hr Its belt beet condition It II Is II no easy problem hem lem 1 In n tot for u II vessel river over feet In lu length to 10 enter or nr leave the harbor The Tho construction of ot a II suit still suitable able win bavin teas the next undertaking The excavation for tor this thins work had h been begun by hy the Chinese but It Il wan wall en enlarged n greatly AH An now 10 reconstructed by the II U 1111 III II rJ the dry dork Bork dol IH Ix 62 feet Ceel over till nil ninety feet feel In width at tho tiro entrance with u II depth nt tit high water ator w of ol feet Vessels of six feet teet greater draft than then limo tha oan oln enter this title dock With time the coming camillI of ol time tho Port Arthur Arlhur at al assumed nn ap IP appearance appearance 01 of great activity Tho ho com coot of ol tho the branch railroad to liar Har Harbin f bun bin was by a 11 largo large Immigration I Ilion lion tion from eastern contain Russia for fIll the most mOIl part mechanics who had been i by limo tho good wages rumored to be of 01 offered Corell r by br b the thC tl contractors who w I to lIere sae r e building the lire warehouses Is find and other gov government eminent structures at tit Port Arthur and nd t later inter at nt Dalny Dainy Tho thrifty Chinese were not slow to appreciate the butt busi business ness irons attractions of oC tho the new now proprietor ship As s a n consequence they the flocked In promptly and established hed themselves without the town lout hili 11 In Inn u 1 ff t nY months menthe this mushroom n settlement Nil cOO Inbred a 11 population of ot many thousand souls Mills and nn active trade tade was W 8 established The Tho native too loo lip up to time possibilities po offered by bythe bYthe the lire now order of oC things The Tho garrison mut be he fed fad and the prospect Ct of future trouble with the tiro Japanese and the con consequent sequent formation of ot bases banes of surplus made un an excellent market Port Iott orl Arthur Ar M Arthur thur from tune Iho fact that Its harbor was wM leas subject to 10 the rigors rO of oC a n winter proved lt Itself Hf a R competitor of Vladivostok tn tM the not as III 1 Kven Iven though believed and amid the lime tried lias has 1 S to stake make It Port Aithur i remarkable power of ot postponing t the o For l months It II has hils been sub lub fatal day or eaten to to the continuous I lire re of or ortho the tho most moat deadly of destruction M NO Mother Ingenuity ever eler devised by other fortress In hr the tune history of o world has land had arrayed against It U a force equipped with so se much inspired by such ouch bull bulldog bulldog live 1110 and amid has tun certainly com come tenacity It U dog dOK a of Im the Iho solving 1 nearer to 10 than limn anything yet yel made by b human hands THUMAN U J L ELTON |
