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Show I FORMS OF BEATING THEBOYER Short Weights and Mea. sores Not Confined to Food Staffs Alone. .CO-OPERATIVE BUYING WORKS AN ECONOMY Quality Is Many Times Bet. ter.EconomyThan Quan-. tity; HasKin Recipes. BT FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Eeonomy in the home may be said to begin with the purchase of supplies, for if proper care it not taken in thia detail bo amount of after care can replace re-place the lose sustained. Housekeepers should pay the closest attention not only to the quality of the articles purchased, pur-chased, but also to the quantity delivered, de-livered, in view of the results of the investigations which are atill In progress prog-ress in some parts of the country re-1 re-1 garding the use of faulty weights and measures. Clement Driscoll, . commissioner commis-sioner of weights and measures in New York, says that short weights and measures mea-sures eoat. the citizens of that city at least $.10,000 last year,' The shortages ran from 3 to 75 per cent, according to material purchased and -the place at which it was sold. In the sale of fruits and vegetables there seems to be no limit to the contrivances con-trivances for short measures." Bankers . are often found which are full size in - appearance, but have false' or raised 'bottoms which take off a quarter of their apparent contents. This is slso the ease with wooden measures. There are scales which seem to weigh correctly cor-rectly to the eye of the customer, but really average a loss of several ounces to the pound. Short Yard Sticks Used. - This shortage is not confined to food-S food-S stuffs. Jt is just as frequent in dry goods stores. Some of the yard sticks . used in the shops are at least a quarter quar-ter of an inch abort, while the tacks placed along the counter for measuring measur-ing are frequently half an inch or more abort of the full yard. Hpoofa of silk and thread have been found to run several yarda short of -the number accredited ac-credited them, and the same ia frequently fre-quently true of tapes and ribbon aold by the bolt. The United 8tate government, as well as the local authorities, are making mak-ing valiant efforts to secure full weights and measures throughout the country. To aid thrs purpose every household should be equipped with accurate ac-curate scales and a set of atsndard measures. To a large degree the reform re-form of thia evil rests with the women of the country. It should receive con-stsut con-stsut attention, because carelessness in this particular affects not only the individual in-dividual home economy, but the welfare wel-fare of the entire ifatioa. An Object Lesson In Trait Buying. In the purchase of food the points for consideration are its purity snd its nutritive value. The most expensive foods are not always the mostvnutri-tious. mostvnutri-tious. It is not alwavs wise to jsslge br first appearances. Everything should be thoroughly examined before purchasing. pur-chasing. A ladv noticing a basket of sound apples rather dull and cloudy' in appearance, asked the price. "Fifteen cents." was the answer. "And thescl" she asked, indicating a basket filled with apples which were shiny and roev. "Those re 2 rents." answered the dealer, and ahe included them in her order. Afterward, in going to another part of the store, she saw a boy seated hv a barrel nf the dull looking aoulee. He wss taking them out one by one and polishing them with a filthy looking look-ing cloth, after which they were placed In a basket ticketed 25 rents. - The woman who purchased that banket re-V. re-V. eeived 13 eenta' worth of fruit which had been rendered lee sanitary by de- privlng it of ita natural bloom.' although al-though she ignnrantly paid 10 centa for the process. Yet the maioritv of women wom-en paid the. differenes for the attractive attract-ive looking fruit. Wherever possible supplies purchased In quantities save both monev and time. Ia the purchase nf food, however, how-ever, the matter should be carcfully considered, as a very smsll quantity of spoiled fond will counterbalance the earing. Perishable food ehonld be purchased pur-chased fresh each dav. unless ths house has exceptional facilities for storing it. t'nder preaent day eonditiona it is foolish fool-ish for a woman with a medium sired family to purchase a large quantity of meat at one time, because it will have' to be preserved in some wev, which costs 'both time and. labor. It ia better bet-ter to buv less meat, substituting for it some other kind of food. There are I many food prodncta, however, such as sugar, cereals, dried frnita and canned gooda, which will not deteriorate by being kept for some time, and these the wise housewife always purchases in quantities. Co-operation a Good Thing. .The women of small towns and aub-nrba aub-nrba frequently co-operate in the pur-. pur-. chase of supplies. If several families units in eending a weekly or monthly order they can secure much better 1 prices than if each ordered separately. The dealer economizes slso in the expense ex-pense of service and separate wrappings. wrap-pings. Despite the ridicule which the American humorist haa already begua to turn upon this co-operative method of food supply, it is economical in money and time aad ia rapidly gaining in popularity. By receiving the mar-a'jket mar-a'jket reports from the nearbv eitiea the oueekeepera are able to keep; theut-' theut-' pelves informed as to the , prevailing (Continued ob page .) I MANY FORMS OF BEATING THE BUYER (CoTfTiDiie. from psge !.) p rites aad are lees likelj to be aver-charged. aver-charged. Every fox5 buyer own it to her own boufboW, at well aa to th fffta-ersl fffta-ersl pubhe, to ptfrc-hae food only where there ia the trie test enforcement enforce-ment of the Military refutations. The Cowihilitiea of illness through care-'womi care-'womi in this respeet render it only economic prudence. While most people turn dtsruittdlv from noticeshle indication indi-cation of filth, there are bahits t iMt inir fa many stores which pass ua-uotirod, ua-uotirod, thoush most menacing to public pub-lic health. Ths meat block may be ua-r'eaned. ua-r'eaned. ovuters may be opened into dirty hucketa, the grwtr't apron may srve as a towel or handkerchief and msnv similsr matters equally unpleasant, unpleas-ant, to mention mav caune an'epidemie of disease ia soma uniuspectin-g households house-holds Most of the shops where bread and bakerv products are sold are elesa and attrMctive in appearance, but often the opposite would be found true of the bakeries tbemselvee. Thoe who buy bread for home ronrumpi ion should assure tnemselven that it is msnufac,-tured msnufac,-tured under proper sanitary conditions. Purchasers ahonld also require their bread to he handled in a bveienie manner man-ner in its delivery. Keveral atatea are considering a law requiring that a loaf of bread b plsced Nnmediatelr in a paper pa-per bag after it is baked. One baker in a "mall city tried tnta plan lat year but gave It up for lack of eneourage- mant U a m!J U.4 manlad see their bread, and the paper bag entailed en-tailed an expense he did not feel justified justi-fied in continuing. Hut the wrapped loaf of bread ia now becoming recognized recog-nized as. sanitary. fOOHOuULudilwUJ noun .become popular. Buy Yonr Supplies Personally. The economical housekeeper will always al-ways attend to the buying in person andflnspect each article selected. The dealer undoubtedly prefera the trade of the customer who gives her order over the telephone or sends it by a child or a aervant. Bnt the woman who dnea this does not give her familv as good reanlts for the amount of money expended. ex-pended. For xample, a crate of berries ber-ries usually contains a few boxes which are choicer than the others and these are alwaya secured by the women who do their own marketing. Notwithstanding Notwith-standing the assertions of many butchers butch-ers to the rojitrnrv, the same rule ap plies to the purchase of all kinds of meat and poultry. No matter how honest hon-est a dealer may intend to he, it ia impossible im-possible not to give advantagea to the woman who takes the trouble to eome to the store to aecuns them. There is no food product meriting more care in ita aeleetion than poultry and every woman ahould learn' to dia-tinguiah dia-tinguiah between old and young and good and bad birds. A good fowl shows a well rounded form with compact com-pact lege and no bony, anglea over the breast, indicating a lack of the tender white meat which is the most desirable desir-able part of the ehieken. The akin should he of a clean color, yellow being-most popular in American marketa. The feet of a fresh fowl ahould be soft and pliable. If dressed with the head on, the eves should be full and bright. Aa it grows stale the feet become dry and hard, the eyes sunken. When too stale to be wholesome food, the body turns dark and greenish.- Cold storage-poultry storage-poultry can generally be told without difficulty because it is parked so closely close-ly that the wings and legs are pressed into the body and remain ao even after they have been unpacked for some time.- Thev can be distinguiHhed from the fresh fowls by their stiff, atrainad look. . t , Expert ence Ia a Good Teacher. In the buying of fruit and vegetables a little experience will enable a woman to judge their oualitv bv their appearance. appear-ance. Dried, withered looking vegetables, vege-tables, are net apt to produce good results re-sults when cooked. All those showing evidences of decay or rot should be absolutely tabooed aa even cooking does not alwav overcome the denger from the hscilli. Withered or wilted vegetshlea may at times be greatly improved im-proved by soaking in cold water eev-eral eev-eral hours before cooking, bnt the wise purchaser will secure the fresh product if possible even if a trifle more expensive. ex-pensive. Generally sneskine. it Is better from an economic standpoint to hvr good canned vegetables than imperfect fresh ones. The eonomy of Isbor called forth hv the preparation of fresh veritable veri-table ia In favor of the canaed goods. Despite the inferioritv of many canned articles upon the market, it is generally general-ly possible tn secure really good canned vegetables at reasonable pricea. The careful buyer will soon learn to know tho nsme of thoe firms whose products prod-ucts are abaolntety reliable and confine hemelf to them, la canned goods, aa in most other thinps. the lowet priced articles are sot always the cheapest. For example, a tea cent can of torn a-toe a-toe may be full weight and measure and put up In a hygienic factorv. Ita contents, however, will be aiufthv and watery and will aot represent aa much food Value as a can of tha same size sold for 12H or 15 cents. Tomorrow: DOMESTIC SCIENCE. . IV. Economy In Cooking |