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Show I THE m'lXETIX. HIMiHA.M CANYON. I'TAII Presidential Veto Poses Problems Roosevelt Said, 1 Forbid' 631 Times for New Record By BAUKHAGE Seu i Aualyil and Commentator. WASHINGTON. -- "I forbid!" said President Truman. He said it 74 times to the 79th congress while Democrats were still in control. The score for the Republican-controlle- d 80th is not quite complete at this writing. Every American president is permitted to say he forbids, but he ha.1-t-say it in Latin. The word is "veto " Of course the congress can sa "So what?" right back, as they did so emphatically this session in the case of the Taft-Hartle- y labor act, but they have to say It two-third- s strong, a strength they aren't always able to muster, as history has shown Why the founding fathers were so generous with presidential power, which they never conceived as ex-panding to its modern breadth, we don't quite know. The veto is writ-ten down in Roman law, but Latin is a dead language. In England, the crown has a veto power over parliament, but it is almost as dead as Queen Anne, since it hasn't been used since her time. It seems to have nourished on American soil. In fact "We ought to call it National Veto Week." House Majority Leader Halleck is repor'.-- ed to have re-marked when the third presidential veto in one week of June bounced back into the lap of the 80th con-gres- s. Others studying head-lines "President Nixes Tax Cut," "Truman Vetoes Labor Legisla-tion," "Wool Bill Turned Down," h days, not including Sundays, to act on any bill. Congress sends a bill to him. If congress adjourns be-fore the president's allotted 10 days are up and he still hasn't acted on the bill, it cannot become a law. That is considered a "pocket veto.") Cleveland, during his two terms in office, used his veto power 584 times, and was overridden only twice. The majority of the Cleve-land vetoes were personal pension bills, many based on utterly ab-surd claims growing out of the Civil war. At first, Cleveland's forthright refusal to permit these myriad, n treasury raids infuriated Civ-il war veterans. Later, however, the GAR came to consider him its friend. Ulysses S. Grhnt, a poor third to Roosevelt and Cleveland, ve-toed 92 bills, was overridden four times. All told, the veto power has been used more than 1,833 times by pres-idents. George Washington started it off by killing two important acts-o- ne having to do with legislative or-ganization; another which would have reduced the size of the army. He was not overridden. There were eight other presidents who never experienced a veto upset by con-gressional action Madison, Mon-roe, Jackson, Polk. Biirhanan, Lin-coln. McKinley and Harding. On the other hand, there were several presidents who scorned the veto entirely: John Adams. Jeffer-son, John Quincy Adams. Van Bu-rc- William Henry Harrison, Tay-lor. Fillmore and Garfield Perhaps because all was harmonious be-tween executive and legislators in Ihose days. Perhaps because, as some students suggest today, a sus-tained veto is a contradiction of the principle of majority rule a rule of a minority of one-thir- of either house plus one, plus the pres-ident who is not supposed to have a vote. (It takes a two-third- s vote to kill a veto. ) Haukhace shook their heads and opined that Harry S. Truman was the veto-inge-president yet. Nonsense, said capitnl . Harry Truman, according to the record, has been very sparing of his veto, and has a long way to go before he attains the really big-tim- e veto statistics racked up by Prcs Franklin D. Roosevelt (who had more time than anybody else to ex-ercise his thumbs-dow- power), Grover Cleveland (the veto runner-up)- , and Ulysses S. Grant. "Why," the grunt, "when FUR was president, it seemed as if we had a veto on something or other almost ev-ery day." And the record shows that he said, "I forbid," or achieved the same end by the pocket method in III instances. (A "pocket veto" comes about in this way: The president has 10 'FIRST AMERICANS' Pork Ruins Unfold Fascinating i Story of Prehistoric Indians WSU Features. the firsttaM More than one hundred Amu go the shores of North Ircheologiste believe Asia from Alaska and bni Be ring sea m y which fd and southward. From tirn, e to time in earlier worn lowed new bands of people s(?c ftfft SiSarft is SfiS that some of these people who had in-vented America the Mayas, a reliable calendar, were carving dates on stone monuments 600 years before the as early as beginning of the Christian Era. IN MESA VERDE National park and in the southwestern national monuments one may obtain a fairly clear picture of the life of the through a period extending back nearly two thousand years. Here, although the Indians had no calendar and carved no dates on monuments, it has been possible to assign fairly exact dates to events which transpired long before the coming of the white man. For example, it is known that from 1276 A. D. to 1299 A. D. there was a con-tinuous drouth for 24 consecutive years, and it also is known that about the year 900 A. D., Sunset Crater, a volcano near Flagstaff, nuns ui uit '-- - migrated down along the Pacific coastline, but the greater mass of crossed the them, it is thought, mountains and continued the south-iwar- d trek along the east side ol the Rockies. Long before the time of Colum-bus the copper-colore- d inhabitants of the Western hemisphere, whom we call "Indians," had fanned out and occupied all of North America, Mexico, Central America, South America and the islands of the West Indies. Under the administration of Na-tional Park service are many areas connected with the life of the an-cient Indians. I Mesa Verde National Parks National park 8nd 14 IWeiTIrl national mon-- ln a Series uments have been estab-lished to pro-tect significant ruins in the states of Utah, Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico. There are also Mound City group national monument in Ohio, Ocmulgee national monument in Georgia and Old Kasaan national monument in Alaska. In addition, many other national parks and mon-uments, created primarily as scenic or scientific reserves, also contain evidence of Indian occupation. Unfortunately, the Indians, during the long period had no written history, but the records of their wan-derings and the story of their cultural and political progress gradually is being put together by archeologists from the tangi-ble remains the campfires, the dustheaps, and the ruins these people left behind. The story as it unfolds is fascinating, the record of achievement is im-pressive. Originally nomadic hunters, the first Americans, learned to culti-vate the soil. To Indian farmers we owe such staples in our diet as corn, Irish potatoes, yams and co-coa. The Indians also developed to-bacco and taught us the use of i,. . " VmiK i CONTRAST . . . Prehistoric In-dian ruins built at the base of sheer red cliffs or in caves in canyon walls share the limelight with modern Navajo homes and farms in Canyon de Chelly nation-al monument in Arizona. White House ruins are shown in this picture. Ariz., erupted and covered the coun-tryside with lava and ashes. The system of dating Indian ruins in the Southwest is simple and ingenious and is done by using a tree ring calendar. By starting with living trees and patiently matching pieces of wood from older and older houses, the annular ring pat-terns In the Southwest have been established for a period of more 'nan a thousand years. ONE OF THE MOST impressive ruined towns of the ancient Indi-ans is Pueblo Bonito in Chaco Can-yon national monument, New Mex-ico. This town, built like a huge five-stor- apartment house, con-tained in the 11th century more than 800 rooms and housed at least 1,200 people. A part of the pueblo was constructed as early as 919 A. D. Other ruined pueblos, which the vis-itor will find fascinating, are those built in niches in the vertical cliffs of Canyon de Chelly and Canyon del Muerto in Canyon de Chelly nation-al monument in northwestern Ari-zona. The beauty of these wild can-yons will live long in the memory of all who see them. Near Flagstaff, Ariz., are the stone pueblo cf Wu-pat-and the cliff dwellings in Wal-nut canyon. In central Arizona are Tonto, Tuzigoot and Montezuma Castle national monuments, and in the northern part of the state near the Utah border is Navajo national monument. Aztec ruins and Bende-lie- r national monuments are in New Mexico. IN THE OHIO valley and in south-eastern United States the Indians frequently built large earth mounds. Very often these mounds were con-structed in the form of truncated pyramids and were used as plat- forms for temple structures or houses. One of these mound sites has been established as a national monument near Chillicothe. Ohio At this site, known as Mound City group national monument are a large number of mounds At Ma-con, Ga., Ocmulgee national monu- ment also contains a number of mounds, one of which was constructed over a subterranean council chamber. FOR INFORMATION relating to the national monuments, write to the Director, National Park Serv-ce- . Department of the Interior Washington 25, D. C. EVOLUTION . . . Ocmulgee na-- tional monument in Georgia con- - tains outstanding remains of In-dian mounds and prehistoric towns, representative of the eul- - ' tural evolution of the southern mound-huild- civilization. This Council Chamber mound has been restored by National Park scrv-- ; Ice. quinine. They learned to make pot-tery, woven textiles and delicate jewelry from gold and silver. They built fortresses, temples and cities, and in Central America Mayan mathematicians invented the use of "zero" before it was known to schol-ars of Europe and Asia. EARLIEST EVIDENCE of man in the New World was discovered a few years ago at a site near Fol-so- N. M. Here peculiar grooved stone spear points were discovered in association with the fossil bones of animals which have been ex-tinct for thousands of years. The skeletons of the men who used these weapons have not yet been found but similar grooved points have been discovered in many places as far east as Virginia. This earliest American has been given the name of Folsom Man" and he lived at a time when mastodons and sabre toothed tigers roamed the forests and plains of the United States. After the "Folsom Man" there is a long gap in our knowledge of ancient Americans, but in Central KIKE'S TRAGIC AFTERMATH . . . The tragedy which invariably fol-lows in the wake of lire is typilied In this picture of Mr. and Mrs. Allen Tate of Chatsworth, Calif., standing In the charred ruins that once was their home. A brush tire that swept the area destroyed many houses, including some under construction. si-iol-l Cream won't drit, pitcher if you f ored fat on IhSliJJjB To retain the Mm.,W run the over Jmf sections unni dry, to smocking with fingers Fats come under (4, I list, so u.so are to fresh Air, light and Si . fats to become rancidX ble. A cool dark placelB them bi Wash cloths but mM and the edges will not tuM are turned :,ack and M the sewing machine w9 When washing hand i china, use mild sojp a'B hot water. Want a new flavor - greens? Mix h JM garlic vinegar and hM spoons olive oil. Rh.r,: ZM oughly and pour over greens. VJ Wear an apron when Have largo pockets kM for holding thimble, scissfl tape measure. Wallpaper cleaner is I cleaner for parchrr.er.t shades and window shniJ lightly downward in ostl Dry rot seldom attackti when the air can circujB under the boards. ItisiM therefore to have good vefl throughout the home. m NEWS REVIEW Mine Pact Draws Fire; New Aid Parley Opens FARMERS PROSPER Both farm assets and farm in-come have expanded tremendously since the outbreak of World War II, according to a late report released by the National Industrial Confer-ence board. Total assets increased about 90 per cent from 53.7 billion dollars at the beginning of 1940 to 101.5 billion dollars six years later. Gross income from agriculture shot up 124 per cent over the same period. That income, plus government payments, totalled about 11 billion dollars in 1940 and only a little less than 25 billion dollars in 1945. Virtu-ally all the gain was registered by income from agriculture Gov-ernment payments were not changed during the years covered by the report. Cash receipts from farm marketings rose from 8.3 bil-lion dollars in 1940 to a very con-siderable 20.8 billion in 1945. Real estate was by far the largest item among farm assets, rising from 33.6 billion dollars in 1940 to 56.6 billion in 1946. ROMANCE: Royal Road Princess Elizabeth, heiress presumptive to the throne of England, and Lt. Philip Mount-batte- 26, former Prince Philip of Greece, are formally engaged to be married this autumn, probably in October. King George VI and Queen Eliza-beth cleared the road to royal ro- - BETRAYED: Mine Pact Rep. Fred A. Hartley (Rep., N. J.), of the Taft-Hartle- y la-bor act, has charged big business and big labor with betraying the public in negotiating the latest John L. Lewis coal mining contract. Hartley's attack followed shortly after southern coal operators fol-lowed northern and midwestern op-- : erators in signing soft coal con-- ; tracts with the 400.000 member Unit-ed Mine Workers. He told the house that "at least one clear violation of the law" was contained in the contracts, referring to the section providing for a "checkoff" from the miners' wages. The Taft-Hartle- y law, he said, permits a checkoff only for union dues, but the contract calls for a checkoff of initiation fees and union assessments. Hartley added that other sections of the contract "vio-late the spirit and intent of the law." Noting that the contract afforded a "prime case history of the evils of industry-wid- e bargaining," he said that there was evidence of "collusion between the mine opera-tors and the UMW with the inten-tion of violating the law " R.S.V.P.: I'aris Parley Hungauy turned down its invitation to attend the Paris conference on European re-construction as 17 other nations lined up to participate in the talks, first step in carrying out the Mar-shall plan for aiding prostrate Europe. The conference, previously boy-cotted by Russia on the grounds that the Marshall plan will be a foothold for American intervention in the internal affairs of Europe, will attempt to set up a scheme whereby Europe, with the aid of American dollar credits and sup-plies, will be able to lift itself from its economic morass by its boot-straps. In addition to Hungary, four other Communist-inspire- d governments those of Poland. Yugoslavia, Ro-mania and Bulgaria also refused the invitations sent out by Great Britain and France. As the dead-line for replies approached, Finland and Albania had not yet been heard from. mance by giving unqualified approv-al to the match and announcing the en-gagement in a tra-ditional court circu-lar. Lt. Mountbatten I is a second cousin i to the king and a I great - grandson of '' Queen Victoria. As Princess tne husband of Prin-Elizabc-cess Elizabeth, he will be Britain's first prince consort since Queen Vic-toria's husband. Prince Albert of Saxe-Cobur- He cannot become king, but probably will be given a dukudom shortly after the wedding. King George is expected to ask parliament to increase Princess Elizabeth's income and perhaps give her husband a special allowance. OIL EXPORTS: Supply Russia A special export license for the shipment of petroleum products to Russia was granted by the depart-ment of commerce hours after Rep-resentative Weichol Rep., O.l, chairman of the house merchant marine committee, demanded the license be refused. Weichel previously had tele-phoned William C. Foster, under-secretary of commerce, urging him to halt the movement of 248.000 bar-rels of petroleum being loaded aboard three tankers on the Wes' coast. classifI D E P A R T ME BUSINESS & INVEST. 01 Will Raeriflee beautiful dry dea ;ind laundry. New buildings, a Wholesale, rct.nl business. Era Unlimited expansion possibles offer. Owner, 21(15 Elm A Fr MISCELLANEOUS FREE MAP of Southeastern Cd Development to ones wishing its wealth. Gasoline Is scam, rationed in some localities new.! 7.000 oil companies looking fcri find It. You can set in with is money with reasonable expea ins hufic profits. The U.S. Geala vey maps Southeastern Colo, a pool. 2X shallow wells alreadt which they found oil or gas. 2!) panics there now trving to Ion pool. Write for free illustrated other Information. DEN OR A DO INDl'STRIEl 1117 11th St. - I'l WANTED TO BUI WE BUT AND SEll Off) re Furniture, E ilea m " Inn Machlni Snfi Ca salt lakf: desk excu eSS South Stale xt Sail Utt SkiniUb and irritatioi of summer J To be ready with quick keep handy a jar of sort world-fame- d Resinol Out I Use freely, see how the ' tion eases itchy irritation poison, mosquito bite?, m chafing . . . For added bathe with mild Resino. Get both today from any " RESINOL1!! girls! mm NERVOd On 'CERTAIN DAYS' Of II Do female functional 0BM ances make you feel nerroA so weak and tired out-t""-,W Then do try Ly. l E f-- table Compound to rellev torus. It's awimis lor larly - Ptnkham'i ComPM build up resistance l"s,i tress. Also a great stomariwj muumL WNU W - EH ForYoaToFJ 24 houn ?LjlS& wwk. never MM imU matter JSSSm If more peop' g kidneys "325aB plus fluid, eseeei matter that ot ' L without wji55 tM be better "')'r,'"t wW whol lyatem Ug U Burning. function eeeeW"', 4 E wrong. eh. dcb"??Ma.W pains. pmn P "J?, . W P Why not try ""M b. aafnf tion of th. M flush out prtmZ ,otbl blood. Tbey ceo"SJp Get Voani today. At all drut """"aldB Historic Trees Threatened the Coolidge birch, several species set out under Hoover. Maples predominate, but the elms are next, and many have historic memories. Just southeast of the south portico is an elm said to have been planted by John Quincy Adams. There are others planted by Lincoln and McKinley. Under these trees history lives, but for beauty nothing surpasses the high arched clois-ter, thick-tapestrie- d in summer, stark but graceful in silhouetted line in winter, which roofs my avenue. For years now I have walked back and forth to my labors under a Gothic roof of green, formed by the interlacing elm branches which, since Civil war days, have made my street one of the world's most beautiful avenues. Today there are some rude gaps in the raftered ceil-ing where huge branches have been ripped away by the wind and storm. But now there is a threat of greater devastation for our and other elm trees, ancient and historical, or merely beautiful, for the dreaded dutch elm disease has descended upon America two cases of viru-lent infection have been discovered within the District of Columbia alone, and no cure is known My generation found nothing exotic In the idea of the village smithy under the spreading chestnut tree. Today the smith would have a tough job finding a chestnut tree under which to build his smithy, even if you could find the smith. For, thanks to the infamous chestnut blight, a horseehestnut tree in this country is now almost as rare as a horse. Must the elms go that way? I talked this question over with a member of the American For-estry Products Industries, Inc. (a private industrial association). He said: "A recent house action re- - duced the federal appropriation for the control and research of the Eu-ropean beetle and dutch elm dis- - ease to $51,000. If the cut is ap-proved by the senate, it means the end of the dutch elm disease lab-oratory in Morristown, N. J.. where the department of agriculture's bu-reau of entomology and plant quar-antine has conducted extensive re-search into the control and possible prevention of the insect and fungus. An elm, according to official classification, is a "prized shade tree m the northeastern and central Uni'ed States." But passing over its esthetic value, consider that its "wood is used for variety of pur-posesespecially slack cooperage, market and bushel baskets, for heavy crating and for veneers. . . ." But what does an economaniac care for all that? Consider the White House grounds, for instance. In these quiet 18 acres there are something less than 350 trees comprising some 90 species. The two great magnolias planted close to the rear portico were placed there by Andrew Jack-son. Nearly every president plant-ed a tree there is the Benjamin Harrison oak, the Harding beech. A wilting and partly defoliated American elm severely af-fected with dutch elm disease. NAVY RESIGNATIONS GROW Higher pay and a more satisfac-tory home life are the two main lures which have drawn the most bright and capable young career officers from the navy and army into civilian jobs at what is called "an alarming rate" during the past year. In the last 10 months more than 1.700 naval officers have resigned commissions won at Annapolis to take higher paying civilian jobs. During the same period, the army lost only 259 West Point officers via the resignation route, but they are men whom the service can ill afford to spare. INDEX HIGH, TOO Gain Shown in Farm Income WASHINGTON. Farm income during the first six months of 1947 was 30 per cent higher than that of the corresponding period last year, it was revealed in the agriculture department's monthly review of farm income. Farmers netted $11,700,000,000 from the sale of their products dur-ing that period, with the total increased to about 12 billion dollars through government payments, the report showed. Largest increase was 70 per cent registered in sale of meat animals Cash receipts from dairy products were up 30 per cent from the cor-responding period last year. Cash receipts from crops were around $3,800,000,000 in the first half, or 20 per cent above the cor-responding period last year. Most of this increase was in grains and tobacco. Preliminary estimates for June show that farmers received about two billion dollars from marketings, an increase of 30 per cent from June, 1946 Receipts from livestock and their products were up about 50 per cent on the same basis of compari-son. "Demand for meat for domestic consumption and for export con-tinues unusually strong." the agri-culture department's statement said. "Meat animal prices in mid-- I June were about 50 per cent higher on the average than a year before." The declining wheat prices are expected to continue into August or September. "Because of the very large export demand, however, the price decline will be less than is usual when a very large crop is marketed." Prices paid by farmers for their needs in June averaged 230 per cent of the 1910-1- 4 average. Prices paid for feed advanced to the highest level since last August. In general, the statement conclud-ed, the index of prices paid b farmers is expected to continue ai high levels in th next few months Smokies Rank as Favorite Retreat of WAbHINGT0N.Rlnklng as one the favorite vacation spots in the East Great Smoky Mountain park embraces the greatest mountain mass east of the Black The "Smokies" derive their from the deep blue haze hovermg name about the peaks that for 36 ccsecu Ure more ,ha" 5.000 Uigh. The park feet 54 and a maximum of !9 milei w'dneg BMMe7tak is Clingman's Dome sea level and acces-sibl- by a motor highway Fishing is one of the main Hons for attrac sportsmen, , t- -'ut streams ,n the JlfbSJ stocked annually. re Free naturalist-guide- d are tlJfield rein, nonth, by Nation 8 PVseT" and campers also mJ, eLlZ mote sections of the park |