Show t r I V V r F V V J t V l A G G R IC U L T TU U RE I V By Frederic Frederi J. J H Haskin skin V 1 N NO 0 other have o th the th labors of tho the American 11 In inventor served erv d a betler better botter bet bot- I IN ter ler purpose than In III tho development of the tile apparatus with which the farmer farmr produces i the things m men n eat eata a and nd the lU raw materials out of V h ho he inake It hi hl 1 nothing nothing- tho farm arm machinery Mi t I hI A American merican inventor in has given holl t I the the- 11 world mankind still would I h Ie ho a ra race cc of sum all I p farmers There Theore r r could be no hl lg T cities thousand I a I. I and i sciences J I arts V V flourish only Ff I could ouId i in an indifferent nt way mans man's principal sO x I b battle c would o Id h bo be boto 1 pal a pa J g f. f V V to get eVl the bare necessities neck k J t I of life it itH it V W luxuries would be V k out mit of th the que question rv VV E The lh development nt of V V f Jt I agricultural ulal machinery mavo ma ma- I chinery lv has lias so en enhanced en- en B lanced the productive t tive j po power r of the I individual ua I farmer t that ha t fully three three- three three- fourths of x those thoe who formerly ob obtained obtained ob- ob tamed their living by hy tilling the oil now may find profitable occupation in other vocations The economists declare that every wet ro ro- in the cost of food production works Immeasurable benefit to tho the entire race benefiting in tum every trade an and profession In which men engage That the American inventor has b been en able to effect such Ruch a reduction Is shown by the cost of harvesting a century ago and now According to a reliable compilation of fi figures to cut ut an nn acre of wheat heat with the old time limo sickle cost 19 13 When the grain cradle was wag brought blought into service the cost of harv harvesting was reduced d to 60 an acre The modern binder re reduced reduced reduced re- re that cost to an acre The Tho big steam harvest threshers harvester threshers r-threshers have lave lowered lowered low low- ered cred it to 60 50 cents per acre When the Chicago worlds world's fair fall was held a delegation delegation delegation tion of foreign agriculturists was as taken to a bl big Dakota ranch und and shown n how the tho American wheat crop is harvested at ata ata a a. smaller cost per bushel than the tho cost of orthie the mere food of or slave labor under tinder old time conditions It is estimated d that if the worlds world's crops were harvested toda today y with a cradle the annual additional ex- ex pence would be nearly nearh an anti and 1 that is taking for granted tha that t it would be possible to get set enough laborers The remarkable rise in the use of farm I machinery is illustrated b by the figures figureR of ot tho patent office offie and the census More Mor than patents have been issued d on agricultural implements I and the money value of farm machinery machiner and tools Intile in inthe the tile United States tates today is not far from froma a billion dollars With er the farmer has been able to make his property holdings hoMing's holdIngs hold hoM- ings ing's worth some and his annual gross Income greater than tho the capi capitalization of all the trusts in tho the tholan lan land Even his hens with wilh the aid of the incubator and brooder produce a greater revenue than the entire income of the governments of Spain and Portugal com corn blued The farmer finds that four-fifths four of the manual labor involved in his callIng caBIn callIn call call- In Ing has been eliminated by the inventor With Ith a tank lank of gasoline h he can saw fifty cords of wood In a day and with a milking milkIng milk milk- ing lug machine he can milk sixty cows be before before before be- be fore breakfast With modern wagon wason loaders portable elevators grain shockers shockers shock shock- ers potato diggers beet toppers and loaders loader and hundreds of other kinds of machinery to lighten tighten his labor the farmer finds his business a calling calling- with the bother left out The Tho plow was one of the first implements implements ments with which the American Inventor inventor in inventor in- in concerned himself Thomas Jefferson Jefferson Jef Jet ferson orson arid Daniel Webster both invented improved plows and when Jefferson was not concerned with grave matters of otTO po political political po- po Importance e he was cogitating the shape of a moldboard on a plow The first plow patent In the United States was granted to Charles Newbold r a New Jersey farmer It was vas of cast iron but buti ut i I n tit It f c w th the tho land hand and made weeds grow row Although h he spent in missionary work the farmers still stuck to the tho old bull tongue plow with Its rude rudo wooden moldboard 1819 Jethro Wood took Jeffersons Jefferson's idea and patented a plow which revolutionized revo methods of breaking breaking break breal ing the tho soil soli He lIe died leaving his heirs nothing but a legacy of patent right litigation liti liti- liti g gation gatlon tion which was finally decided adverse to them Then came camo the chilled plow with Its reversible and slip shares to be followed the by-the sulky plow made mado In Chicago Chi Chi- ago cago in 1833 The disc harrow was pat- pat tented in 1847 and tho the spring tooth harrow har liar row In ill 1869 b by David L Jj Garver Carver of Michi MIchI- gan Ellal Eliakim im Spooner received the tho first American patent on a seeder and the modern grain rain drill be began an to assume Its present form about 1841 Since Spooners Spooner's patent was issued issue there have been approximately approximately approximately ap ap- ap- ap proximately granted on seeders of one kind and another Some patents patents pat pat- on plows on harrows and diggers diggers dig dig- gers on on n harvesting ma machinery an and on threshing machinery tell the story of American Ing ingenuity as applied to the needs of the tho farmer fanner It will be seen from this that the the plow the seeder seede r rand and the the har harvester harster ster are the thO favorite themes of the inventor in with the seeder far behind the tho plow and the harvester The modern binder was a Ion long time In coming comIn The first patent issued for a reaping machine was wait granted In England In 1799 but it w was wis s an Impractical affair Other patents roll followed owed and nd in 1822 Hc nry H nry Ogle an English h school master maSler brought out a reaper which had of the theold theold some sonic of tho the characteristics old fashioned hand rake dropper I It is generally conceded that time the English arC aro entitled to th the credit for I perfecting the rake alf reaper But the I vital vHal principle of the mode n harvester the thc cutter bar with the sickle i is the product of American genius I and the partisans of McCormick and Obed I Hussey claim for each of them thAn tho the honor honorof of the idea The patent records sho that Hussey got the first t patent on the principle his patent having been issued in December while McCormick's was Issued six months later But the records of the time show that flick had been using his machine and perfecting it some tw two or three years ears be before be- be fore foro fore s pa patent tent was Issued The world generally has conceded to McCormick tho the honor of inventing the modern harvester and he be seems to have llave havea a far hotter better claim to It than Fulton has hasto hasto hasto i to the invention of the steamboat With Jefferson making the first scientific mold mold- hoard board to a plow Rumsey pioneering with the st steamboat and amid McCormick perfectIng perfect- perfect lug Ing th the the- Hy was aswell aswell as aswell well represented in the field of invention In Innumerable as os it was as in war and statecraft statecraft- m merable rahl pa patents patent ten ts followed McCormick's tek's and ami after 0 the self binder lf-bhul lf J using twine for bind binding In became the principal aim alm of tit the inventors The Tho problem continued eon con to grow one l step top nearer to solution solution solution tion with each cach pat patent t. t until Appleby appeared appeared ap ap- with a l de device o which has since W. W 11 U. been adopted adopted b by all binder mal makers makers' Payne first brought out the bundle hundle carder cartier carrier car car- tier rier many a small boy on the farm who used J to gather shea sheaves sheaves' s has of offered of- of d up his prayer of thanksgiving toPa to Is being Pa Payne n Now the shocker self developed eloped and It IL Is probable that soon two men will be- be doing the work form formerly done don by br fly fi The story of the mo mower er is nearly as aslon lon long as that of the binder hInder hut but like th the hinder the American n type of n mower owel is acknowledged cd by the whole world to be to that of any other oHler country It Itt ItI t I is I said fald that three-fourths three of ot the worlds world's fanning Canning machinery is modeled after acter the American designs and this includes the mOWN mower Th The buggy rake rakt hay tedder and ancl the tho ha hay fork are all American inventions Th The threshing machine is of Scotch orlin origin ori orl- gin in but Its principal improvement Is due to American inventors in Corn harvesters are fire of course of American origin th the first one bein being a sled with oblique knives dragged between two corn com cornrows cornrows which was vas rows by a Two men stood on the sled and gathered the corn as they passed No Invention In American history has affected the destinies of oC tho the nation nallon so completely as the cotton gin It IL probably holds the distinction of being the only th that tIit t ever ver brou ht on a great I war When h n Whitney invented the gin In he gave a an increased value to the labor of the the negro slave The outcome w ws s that the north and the south split on the slave issue and fought rought the greatest war of modern times time It may be po possible s that It would have been an irrepressible conflict if the cotton gin had not been invented In but man many students of history think not And what of the future of the American Ameri meri can Ian farmer farmel in the matter of or inventions In It is predicted by tho the bl big implement makers that there will be wonderful progress progress pro pro- gress ress In the next score of years ars It long has been realized that the gasoline engine engine en en- gine the p tractor and like hike machinery machin machin- cry ery mal make e for wonderful economy econom In farm affairs But the farmer is a conservative conservative conservative conserva conserva- tive fellow He lie would much rather feed a horse a a. bushel of corn orn than to spend the price of that bushel o of ot rn cc for gasoI gasoline gaso gaso- I 1 line or other form of power V But lh the latest departure is cal calculated to overcome I this conservatism The use of denatured denature J I alcohol Is admirably suited for the farm t and the the- farmer now can raise his own motive power as well eU a as he can an raise horses Potatoes are about the easiest thing to raise and they make large c quantities quantities quan quan- titles of alcohol suited to tractor purpose pur pur- pose poses A still stilt has been introduced which will permit the farmer to make his own alcohol Will wm th this this presa presage e the passing of the horse It was said that the cable an anthe anti and the elect electric c car ear sounded his d death knell but there were more horses In the United States afterward than before Then it il was thought tho the automobile spelled hili doom but ho is today greater leater in Humber number Hum num ber and value than In the day when the automobile challenged ed his prestige Perhaps Perhaps Perhaps Per Per- haps made farm alcohol will do what neither the street car nor the automobile could do To do away with the tho horse would result In the saving of nearly a hundred million tons of hay and grass rass with grain in proportion and the humble potato would succeed the proud team of drafters as the representation of power on the farm And this is but one of many forecasted changes that invention Beems seems destined to work on the American f farm L m during the next V Tomorrow Tomorrow American American Inventions IV Electricity A A. MOTHERS MOTHER'S DUTY Teach your child to think right It Is never too early to begin A child will use its brain untiringly unceasingly Then why not have it do it right Success In life depends on right thinking think think- ing on tho the right sizing up of things of situations more than on anything else cIe and thinking straight Is a strong habit one ono that grows so ElO rapidly that she who cultivates almost has a sixth sense be before before be- be fore she dies Never refuse to answer a little one one one- unless of course t questions are asked senselessly for the pleasure of the sound of the voice oi But encourage in every over po possible way war your our children to figure figuro out the why and the because for themselves Tell Ten them when the answer Is rl right ht and arid tell them when hen the answer Is wrong and show them where the premise premi e was wrong wj just as In teaching crochet you have hae to go 10 back through the pattern to find the stitch that put It Jt out of line There are arc too many stupid people In Inthis Inthis this thili world and the stupid people aro are not those who havens haven's been well edu edu- There are not the people who have havo dull brains necessarily They're the he people who ho cant can't use what hat they I I have haY who cant can't draw straight and correct conclusions The world has bas no use for mental fumblers and Its It's up to y u mother to sea see that your our child does not become one of these Silent almost unconscious reasoning soon oon becomes a habit and from thinking thinking think think- ing and aud drawing conclusions about the simple things around It a chile chIk soon r roaches reaches ache the stage where it can think and act wisely for or Itself and may may maybe be trusted by its parents to do the right and arid sensible thing when an emergency occurs In other words it be becomes omes a self re reliant re- re Ilant reasoning being a I loader leader instead of or one who like Jlko too ma many n grownups in this world must be pushed pulled or ted lcd |