Show r 1 S SH I. I 1 S H 1 I 1 A A America merica Catholic Communities In in I. I r rBy Haskin By Frederic J. J ri-ilE ri American Federation of Catholic CatholicS S I Societies an association of or tho I leading l lay y organizations of the no- no noman 1 man Catholic church In America b bins its annual session in New Orl Orleans ans toda today Th There rc is nothing more remarkable In tho the religious world than the success that has attended the work worl n Jl x the Catholic societies and anil communities of the United States In view of the fact fart that there Is ts no governmental support afforded them as is te t caMIn case caM caseIn caseIn In many European countries their growth growt ii a and n d I Influence U fi U ence Is almost without without with with- p out parallel In re religious religious ro- ro history Tho first Catholic brotherhood which occurs urs in the mind 4 non-Catholic non of the tho is 18 that of the tho 2 J Jesuits or Society of Jesus World Worldwide Worldwide wide prominence was given n to this band of religious work workers rs because of tho great protest made In the eighteenth century when practically every nation in Europe crl criEd d dout out against Its existence finally resulting in a dissolution of the order by command command com coin mand of Pope Clement XIV in 1773 But the brotherhood was re established by Pius VI In 1801 and restored throughout the he world in 1804 The Jesuits were founded by Ignatius Lo Loyola ola a Spaniard of noble birth Early In life he followed the profession of war but was wounded v during the defense of was captured by the French and during his confinement read many religious works lie He was converted and went barefooted on a a. pilgrimage to Jerusalem Upon his return he went to Paris where he became associated with Francis FranIs Xavier There in 1534 he founded found found- ed tho the Company of Jesus The order was recognized by papal bull and ImmedIately Immediately Im tin- mediately became one of the strongest missionary bodies In the Catholic church I The vows of its Itt members provided d thai that I they should hold themselves In readiness i to go wherever directed b by the pontiff legar regardless l ss of personal comfort or sa safety fety The advent of the Jesuits to the United States was attended with many trials and much bloodshed The first band composed com corn posed of three priests and one lay brother settled at Mt Desert in Maine in 1613 A few months later they were vere attacked by a party part of English from Virginia Virginia Virginia Vir Vir- ginia under the leadership of Samuel Ar- Ar goll Due Thet the lay brother was killed Father Masse was set adrift Inan in inan inan an open boat and Fathers Biard Blard and I Quentin were ere held as prisoners prisoner and started for Virginia Virginia there there to be hanged I I They were wert spared the latter fate however how hov- i ever as the vessel in which the they were I sent was blown by storm across the At At- lantic After the hardship of colonial times the Jesuits prospered and they to today today today to- to day conduct sonie soe of the largest Catholic colleges in America one of the most important Important im Im- irn- irn being that of Georgetown university university uni uni- in the national capital In Th priority of service the Benedictine brotherhood may be said to far outrank any other Catholic community in AmerIca Amer Amer- ica lea The These Thee e zealous missionaries are supposed supposed sup sup- posed to have visited America long b be before bo- bo fore the time lime of Columbus and the claim seems to be established by the th researches made by the historical societies of Copenhagen Copenhagen Copen Copen- hagen Denmark of Rhode Island and the United States Slates The ruins which were wore discovered In Rhode Islan J i and In other sections along the north Atlantic coast seem to be those of churches and cloisters But if th these se prehistoric claims are rejected the Benedictines must be relegated to a position of comparative In Insignificance insignificance In- In significance as their first rt c center was established during durin the last century in Beatty Penn Father of Salzburg Salz Salz- burg A Austria and the Rev Boniface Bonifaco first of St. St Vincent Beatty Penn were the pioneers The first 1 religious mart martyrs rs of the new world came from the ranks of the Dominican Dominican Dominican Do Do- brotherhood who were also the first Catholic missionaries to set foot in inthe Inthe the United States They came in 1526 1626 from the missionary fields of South America In 1549 Louis Cancer and Diego de do Tolosa entered Florida and there lost their lives This brotherhood wa was founded by by St. St Dominic Guzman In 1214 seven se years before his death One of the most prosperous educational centers In America is that at Notre Dame Ind hid Its development is on one of the most remarkable in the history of oC the Catholic church in this country It ItIs Itis is iv conducted by the Congregation of the Holy Cross a product bl-product of the French revolution and the result of a unification by Rome of two distinct societies thi th I Brotherhood of St 81 Joseph founded by bv In 1820 and the Auxiliary ry Priests Priest's of Mans in 1835 Notre Dame was waR founded found found- ed by Edward Sorin a young priest only 27 years ears old when he ho was sent out from France and made his wa way by Canal nal boat and stage to Vincennes Ind md He ac sac sac- a tract of land on the St. St Joseph river ri the condition of the grant being that a a. college ollege should be erected on it within two years Today Notre Dame I Ione IS ISone Isone one of the most mst widely known colleges of the middle west One of the early arly arrivals in the United St States tR was the order of the brotherhood which came to Baltimore in 1791 1711 and opened St. St Marys Mary's seminary th the following following- year One of the most mOt interesting m members of this order r was Prince Demetrius who belonged pd to the highest nobility in Rus This sia sla His father was at on onE time to The Till Hague from the czars czar's court Prince Demetrius was one of the two seminarians at St. St Marys Mary's In After he h. had harJ c completed t his work in this a I institution ho went ent to LorottA ja and andI I during his missionary work vork in that thit section section sec sac tion of the country cOuntr Is to have havo converted converted con con- Protestants to Catholicism St. St John Baptist de La Salle a famous churchman and distinguished educator who lived in France Franc during th the thO latter laWn half of th tho seventeenth century was the thc Inspiration for an important ord order r which has prospered in the d States Stats It is the tIlt Brothers of th the Christian Christian Christian Chris Chris- tian Schools a l' l religious congregation I Ion devoted de do- voted to the education lion of youth The first school was founded In Baltimore in 1645 by bv Rev Charles I. I White While D. D D D. The Tho French founder of the brotherhood a remarkable man In many respects was It Tt was ho who vho discarded tho the Individual method methods of Instruction and Initiated the simultaneous or class method which obtains ob- ob In 1682 he in tho schools today or organised primary fr free fre schools In and two years later started normal normal normal nor nor- mal schools AS the product of his gen gen- enIus en en- lu lus Ius i technical schools school and schools of design de design de- de sign were sia started In 1699 and a boarding hoarding college was born under the same sam gulding guld- guld uld- uld hand in 1698 1603 lie Ito also established Ing many Sunday schools and evening schools B Tho Alexian Brothers who vho have hospItals hos- hos In in In several important cities have been concerned chiefly with the the bodily welfare Of mankind rather than mental development This is In lIn line lino with the spirit of the times during which it was founded at the h height of the great plague called the tM black dea death in the fourteenth century During that frightful fright fright- ful scourge which depopulated many thriving centers df dt e Europe brave bra and de do- devout vout out men united to assist In alleviating human suffering Among Amon these was vas found the germ gerni of th the Alexian Brotherhood known knon only The founder of the order is IA vaguely aguel as Tobias and the birthplace was wasat wasat wasat at Brabant In tn 1300 They were first called the tho but later on chose St 81 Alexis of th the fifteenth century as their patron During the tho French revolution revo revo- revolution lution disorders and persecution proved disastrous to th order but In 1850 It was vas restored to tn Its anel ancient nt monastic discipline dis dis- The first American hospital under under under un un- un- un der the direction of the brotherhood was va established In o in 1866 by Brother Thelan The handsome buildIng buildIng building build build- ing erected in 1868 was destroyed In the fire of oC 1 71 but was rebuilt the following year ear There Ther are numerous important hospitals throughout hout the middle west which are under the direction of of this brotherhood An educational nal order which has he been n Instrumental In much good in the Ohio river valley Is that of the Brothers of the Poor of f St. St Francis Frands devoted de voted to the care of destitute and wayward wayward way way- ay ward v.-ard youths It was founded In 1857 r I at la Alx Germany by bv the venerable venerable ven von erable John Hoover Tn In 1866 a a band of brothers was sent to til the t United d States In Tn 1868 through the Interest of Mrs Mr Sarah Peters a wealthy philanthropist the broth brotherhood began Its labors in Cincinnati Cin Cm- tI by a assuming res responsibility for fifty boy boys In th d days ys of the community's infancy a strong friend was vas found in Rt Reuben R. R R Springer Sprinter who vho paid the rent and oth other r charges s of ot the home The Reformed CI Cistercians or Trappist f Brotherhood came to America In 1804 In order to escape persecutions In France The members fled under the le leadership of Urban Guillet and settled at hilt hill near Conewago o. o Pennsylvania They removed to Kentucky the following year and nj there ther suffered red many privations having haying hav hay m ing to subsist chiefly on lintels As AR a a. result many of the members died The fir first t permanent foundation was vas the monastery mon nion- astery astory of Gethsemane In Its establishment nt was brou brought ht about by the there re of 1848 In France A community which has a purely AmerIcan American Amerlean Amer Amer- ican lean orl origin n is the Sisterhood of St. St Ann founded In the little village of Quebec by Esther Blondin who ho r realized th that t the eQ education uc tion of children n in country countr places was being being- sorel sorely neglected It was first propos proposed d that th the sisterhood confine Its teaching activity to poor children chil dren but this policy has since been bro broadened The founder died in 1830 at atthe atthe atthe the age of 81 Si Th The first house established established esta b- b in hi the United States was In Os- Os wetro N. N Y T. In 1870 The nuns w were rc pioneers In charitable work worl in th the province of Lou Lou- Members of this devout out order which was Cound founded d at Rou Rouen Ronen n. n France by Mary who later became known as 85 Sister T St. St Augustine landed at al New Orleans Orlean'S on August 5 5 1727 and the they have haw been active in that t city tty ever er since There There- are numerous other orders now prospering in tn the country which cannot be included In the small compass here allowed I Tomorrow Tomorrow Feats Feats of Endurance |