| Show Problem of f India F Formidable ormid ble S As Gandhi Renews Demands Career of Independence Lea Leader er Closely Bound With Crisis in Affairs Editors Editor's Note This Thi is the first of four Articles les dealing with the career of bf Mahatma Gandhi and the political problem problem lem iem of modern India which are arc inseparable and which have as assumed as- as acute form as a result of the national demand for In Independence Independence In- In dep dependence which may result in a formidable Anglo Indian Anglo Indian round table tabla conference in London Lendon Lon Len don in the near future By BATES RANEY Associated Press Staff Writer LONDON March 6 If The AP-The The Indian problem n which has nae eo so 8 suddenly suddenly sud sud- d'- d' denly assumed such a a. formidable size Is IRr largely el the problem of oC Mahatma l Gandhi It t Is iR difficult to separate the one one from the other In June 1591 1891 Gandhi having graduated from the University of ot London was admitted to tho the BrIt BrIt- Hh Ih bar and quit England for fOl his native nathe land A Hindu u firm then I sent ont him t to South Africa t to conduct conducta I a a. lawsuit 11 He found tho the Indians living In South Africa Arica treated the tho I same lamo a as the tine aboriginal natives naU He became interest d in their efforts to raise their status and remained d In Natal to conduct a. a successful campaign cam cam- against th tho governments government's anti ASiatic laws lawm sacrificing his large arge legal Income He founded d an art agricultural colony col cot on ony near Dur Durban Durlian Rn In 1904 based on his ils Idea of ot renunciation He abandoned aban his hla legal legaJ garb and began wearing only a loin cloth henceforth hence hence- orth forth he became In th the tho eyes ees of ot his hla followers Mahatma thc Mahatma the great soul PUT IN PRISON For Tor organizing a. a mass refusal of Indian laborers to register th their lr fingerprints fingerprints fingerprints fin fin- the mahatma was Imprisoned Imprisoned Im Im- Im at Johannes Johannesburg In lit 1906 for tor or two months In 1913 ho organIzed organIzed organ- organ zed strikes of ot protest against a poll polla taj ta a said to b be aimed almed at He led a n large procession across the countr country with tho timo slogan Joh Johannesberg Johan nJ n- n J or Jail A As It went Us Its numbers lumbers Increased d. d Babies were porn born jorn en route Many Man died Finally the South African government gov- gov eminent had the procession sur- sur rounded Its members were placed on n trans trains and sent back home while white Gan Gandhi hl was again put into jail Eventually the time m mahatma won better bet bet- ter cr conditions for his followers and departed In 1914 for Cor India Indian politics had become come acute and nd soon after tho the World orl l war started Lloyd George harassed b by bythe the he rebellion In itt Ireland promised India a greater r measure of oC home homo rule ulc At that time the nationalist congress an unofficial bod body founded found- found ed d b by two liberal Englishmen Ens was the he only voice olce of ot Indian national national- PURELY POLITICAL MacDonald l now prime minister wrote of or It as far back backas as 1910 The history of oC the nationalist Congress s Is the history of or the nationalist na- na movement Started in 1885 13 y men who were rich who were liberals and who had been educated ed d In western ways wars It w was s purely purey Its demand was for tor enfranchisement enfranchisement en- en and for fot It ity ty It was never neve British anti and andt andI I t has haa always contented itself with demanding a measure of ot self gov under the But Butt It t gave gaie birth to a n left wing which gradually gained an Independent position and drew away from it The Indian Anglo administrator lost ost his opportunity The Tho congress which ought to have o been accepted by him as a useful critic was re regarded ro- ro b by him as an irreconcilable enemy He resented It He misrepresented misrepresented misrepresented resented It H. He handed It over o to th he- he mercy of oC Its left heft wIng Tho The doctrine of ot a Sinn Sian Fein Feill kind of or self help the dream of oC the political political cal bo boycott bocott cott were wera encouraged by the blunders 2 of t tho the government go ALLIANCE CREATED Gandhi camo came Into prominence In India with his first political coup In persuading the nationalist congress by jy Hindus to make common cause with the Moslems in their support of the Caliphate movement and In 1916 he effected time the Lucknow pact n Resumes Drive for Freedom I I S 5 A S i I V S S 44 4 S S i 0 I MAHATMA GANDHI creating creating- an m alliance between the Indian nationalist congress and the Indian Moslem league In 1919 when the tine home rule envisIoned en- en b by Lloyd Lioyd George failed to materialize fast Cast enough Gandhi an announced announced an- an flounced his Sat rahl ag movement mo the principle of or which Is the asserted assert assert- ed right to repudiate and disobey unjust laws Jaws Ills His first brush brul h ti with fUl ith tho Indian government came when his unregistered newspaper was suppressed Later Gandhi stimulated d a strike and ordered his followers to spend their time pra praying and fasting but riots occurred In Delhi DeIhl when nationalists nationalists na na- na- na had fatal collisions with tho this police pollee Gandhi tried to make makepeace makepeace makepeace peace but was detained by bv the British The result was a Hindu Hindu- Mohammedan l uprising throughout the provinces of or Bombay an and the tue Punjab S HUNDREDS KILLED Disregarding th the military orders not to assemble a n mob of ot several thousand nationalists mH mt In sar ear In a public square squat e. e A company compan of soldiers under General Dyer or ordered ordered ordered or- or dered to tho the sc scene ne fired on the crowd croud killing and wounding wounding- 1200 This precipitated a minor hut but blood bloody revolt re which was eventually e suppressed Gandhi demanded that General GeneralD D Dyer er be be- punished an and the agitation so Intense that the general wag taken out of ot India and e ally promoted and retired |
