Show u 1 4 IIo < I 1 9r e r f TING8 r 1r 11 mi i i pr g rM s i gL b = L J fr2 TIIEIlQlYE Oi CEIITURY PLANT 11 FULl LOOM o a o G T IS not known to which country the bee Is really Indigenous but It Is a wellestablished fact that In ancient times primitive many man-y kept his beehives and gathered tho honey which ho used for food 1 and on sacred occasions brought 4 before his gods as an offering Tho fame of the honey gathered by the bees on the slopes of Hy nettus was sung by Virgil and even today this product of worldwide renown Is served to the tourist by tho zealous Greek In both Egypt lId Mexico honey has been found In earthen DROJYf QUttNWB barrels and is either extracted of ja tai in C + 1t1j u r t + ° 4 < 4 t M a strained tho handling of beeswax being y T 9 a4 t unmlly treated aa a separate industry a r8 r and ono which has been followed extensively 1 f ex-tensively by the natives nt Latin 4 r 9 tlw tho Ameilca for many years Ahon I wax has been loflncd nt + clenched It t I r ra + Is used In many of tho arts and trades i l a t t and has become nn article of great e a a t 11 commercial valno tho world over In tho Argentine Republic honey Is z t r t In such great demand that it N necessary r a t neces-sary to Import over 100000 pounds annually t i an-nually most of which comes from t Chile although about ln nn pounds ot trained honey ale annually exported to Germany and Franco where It is employed > t of fancy a ployed in tho manufacture r It 4 t 1 crackers 1 tx An effort H I now being mndo by tho 1 government to Introduce modern methods t meth-ods of bee keeping and encourage the 4 y = + rw h farmers to engage In tho Industry as aside lc a-side line A jtPiAY tPER 1 e department of tho A r A t t The agricultural L 1 7 jtr5 J t1N j S e fjy II 1 1 ° l I al a LIlY AYCEYr I1AYA DXAWJJYG OF FRF Ot tIIJ fOT or IiOlEY a ° t i xtre k K Impossibility No substitute for honey or artificial means a t of preparation have as yet j nr been found and for many L 4 17 years the pure product has y been adulterated with commercial fly mercial glucose cane sugar 6 or Invert sugar sometimes to a 2 4 1 x st r as great an extent as 85 percent per-cent It Is the opinion of bee keepers that the S tar x t I4IrLT 5CEYE many feeding of bees with saccharine a w l sw AT tWcOl sac-charine substances for tho t ew rF c of Increasing the iitrl x > 1 NEXCO I1P purpose oft 3 production I of honey should < be considered as palpable adulteration and that tho artificial ar-tificial coloring of tho product prod-uct by electrical means and metallic vessels hermetically sealed and In an excellent state of preservation among the prehistoric ruins The finding of honey among the Aztec ruins establishes the fact beyond all question that bees were known In Mexico long before the days of Cartel although scientists have attempted at-tempted to disprove repeatedly the theory that bees of any species were native to America This valuable article of commerce may be described as the sweet sirup or nectar derived from the bees and other insects which gather It from trees plants or lowers H is both vegetable and animal In origin and contains cent of reducing about 20 per cent of water 75 per ducing sugars such as dextrose and levulose twentyfive onclnmdredths per cent of ash and the balance of other components Honey is variable in color and quality the product of ono district excelling that of another and is commercially classified as follows First combed or that which is contained In the cells of comb second extracted or that which has I been separated from the uncrushed comb by centrifugal force or gravity third strained or tho crushed that which has been removed from In color other means comb by straining or the best grade runs from clear almost colorless color-less to pale yellow and the flavor depends the nature of the tree plant or flower upon honey which It is gathered With age from both considerably darker In color but turns without honey and comb will keep Indefinitely suffering decomposition honey bee is usually found In swarms The 5000 to 75000 and Is divided into of from The queen or female distinct classes three neuter and the worker or the drone or male one queen which hUe contains but Each frequently laying eggs species propagates the 2000 a day Upon the death of rate nt the a e neuter Is selected from of the queen a young enlarged ami the food cell the colony The Its neuter then becomes a queen changed the drones who are beeTm Is mated with bee workers the afterwllrd destroyed hy nfterv cov iveiage life of the queen average Lh the iiii Although at usefulness It Is oC three years o ors a period dvlSto annuullv restock each advisable to considered The systematic queen colony with a noW of and the improvement bees IIIU uv ft ln < Y of queen rearing considered limo most Important the breed are Important ulture It Is also of IIIJhulturo branches that the so called hybrids In breeding qlllens should not bo employed queens or mlsmated Inability to produce young ou acconnt of their couslstent character and bees of desirable malIc from the various been Solectlons have attempt mado to combine tjposofbeesam an of ench speclcD but as nil time goml Elbe to find the bee that yet It Is quite same time the largest the and nt Is stlnBiess am J wax and tho most pro and M producer of hone that each species I lific 1106sessCS In breeding ctrtnln It distinctions nllpellrs of race and is created to work out Its own destiny holding at nil times the Instincts and characteristics characteris-tics peculiar to Its kind The drone boos live through periods of but from I three to eight weeks and the workers from six weeks to six months These workers collect all tho honey in their mouths whence it passes Into the crop or honey bag and Is then carried to the hive where It Is ejected into the comb They also construct tho cells of the comb from n wax secretion In the honey and feed all the other bees The food of the young bees is called beebread and consists of small pellets prepared pre-pared from the pollen of lowers Honey is fed to the adult drone bees It is Interesting to note that tho amount of honey Involved in the secretion of a pound of wax is a much debated question among students stu-dents of bees the various estimates ranging all the way from two to twenty pounds It Is conservatively estimate that over 300 000 tons of honey are produced in the world each year of which the American republics yield about twothirds This quantity put up In standard combs of 14 ounces each would If the combs were placed side by aide endwise make a line 50000 miles long or twice tho circumference cir-cumference of the earth at the equator According to Lntreille tho European species of bees predominate In America but It Is evident evi-dent that the stingless variety of bee Is n native na-tive of South and Central America and Mexico where honey has been gathered by tho natives for many centuries and that many of the other varieties found were Introduced from China Japan and Palestine as well as from European countries When tho pilgrims landed at Plymouth in 1C20 honey was not to be found in that part of tho country and bees were consequently Imported Im-ported from England In order to meet the requirements re-quirements of the time but the first systematic system-atic keeping of bees in the United States was probably established at Newbury Mass In a bulletin of tho United States department depart-ment of agriculture it is stated that the Importance Im-portance of the industry was of municipal moment mo-ment to the extent of holding out to one John Eales who was then living In what is now Hlngham Mass an Inducement to come to Nowbury for the purpose of teaching the settlers set-tlers how to make hives and to care for bees Since that time steady advances have been made In tho establishment of systematic bee culture In the United States Bees have been imported from all parts of the world and tho Industry has reached such an extent that the annual average yield of honey now amounts to about 20000000 and beeswax about 2000000 about The United States imports annually 2500000 pounds of honey and about 7COOOO pounds of beeswax about 95 per cent of which comes from Cuba Mexico Haiti Salvador Do mlnlcan Republic and Venezuela and all of this regardless of tho fact that according to tho census about 700000 bee keepers or ono In every 120 of the entire population aro engaged en-gaged In the Industry throughout the United States Tho passage of various purefood laws and the establishment of a rigid inspection by many of the Importing countries have made the marketing of adulterated honey almost ar I j should be so stated when it Is placed on tho market The sago honey from California is pronounced pro-nounced by experts as an example of tho purest pur-est best flavored and most consistent grade produced in the United States What Is known as tho Holy Land bee was first brought to the United States from Palestine Pales-tine by a Mr Howard in 1884 since which time the species can bo found In many parts of America and is regarded by nplculturists as one of the best honey producers About tho time of tho exportation of bees from Palestine Pal-estine famous In ancient times for Its honey the Turkish government became deeply interested Inter-ested in tho Industry and imposed an exorbitant exorbi-tant tax upon the apiaries Honey Is used In the far eastern countries in tho manufacture of hydromel a popular and most intoxicating beverage having an agreeable agree-able flavor closely resembling cider Alcohol has also been distilled from honey but not to any great extent Many of tho large manufacturers of candy In the United States complain that they have great dilllculty in purchasing sufficient honey to meet their requirements owing to tho recent and enormous demand of German manufacturers manufactur-ers who secure about 00 per cent of all the product that Is exported from the American republics re-publics It Is estimated that over half of tho worlds production Is employed In the manufacture manufac-ture of candy and medicinal preparations and new uses are being found for honey and beeswax bees-wax almost daily In the manufacture of biscuits and fancy cakes In the Unltc < Stutcs Germany and England Eng-land honey Is extensively employed both on account of Its usefulness as a base in sweetening sweet-ening and its remarkable Immunity from organic or-ganic chango This answers the question which has been a matter of great speculation by those unacquainted with the inside secrets of the baking Industry ad to how the numerous varieties vari-eties of sweet crackers and cakes kept I on hand throudl i long periods of time remained apparently In h In tho little village stores scattered throughout tho country districts The art of making fancy crackers that would keep indefinitely has for many years been considered ono of tho mysteries of the baking industry attributed by tho natives of Latin America to Yankee cleverness Not many Industries offer as many attractions attrac-tions as apiculture It may bo taken up by agriculturists as a specialty or as a side line A small capital only Is required to start the enterprise and returns aro measured and certain cer-tain It J ordinary care is taken in the selection of the location of time apiaries and consistent management of tho bees niulntolned Furthermore Further-more a good market Is always afforded for tho product which Is neither perishable nor subject sub-ject to a marked depreciation In value Practically all ot tho wild honey is shipped rJ it 4 + rn z > t5 frriiYc TilL 01 Brazilian government Is now making a special yc fort to develop the Industry of npleulturo nod r c Increase the output of honey and beeswax In r order to meet tho overIncreasing demand modern li mod-ern facilities are being rapidly afforded which will permit the transportation of the product to convenient shipping points and encourage both tho homo and foreign trndo Many varieties of tunes are found In Brazil nnd for some time tho natives have gathered tho a C honoy which on account of Its fine quality has been used almost exclusively for medicinal purposes pur-poses Tho Tapurrlba tree III blossom time Is tho sourco of n most abundant supply of wild vsa honey but the product hall not been exported to any great extent as a ready salo has always a a a v c been found In the local markets The stingless bee which Is common to all of tho LatinAmerican countries Is found In great t rt numbers throughout Brazil nnd numerous other varieties have been Imported from Europe notably r no-tably tho Italian which wax Introduced In 1004 k + nl itll fin the ltnvrtrT m nn t Knrrrt to take tin active when government began < o an interest In apiculture 1 Although the production of honoy Is enormous It is but COO000 pounds are exported annually most s of which goes to Germany In Chile bees wero first Introduced from Italy by Mr Patrlcio Larraln Gandarlllas about 45 years ago since which time rapid progress has been made In tho advancement of apiculture Thoro aro now nearly 100000 apiaries In actual 9 ° ac-tual operation throughout tho republic tho majority f jority of which ard located In tho provinces of u Aconcagua and Coqulmbo where the mildness i k of the climate and tidiness of the flora aro no + 1 ± cullarly adapted to the culture of the Italian boo Over 1000000 pounds of purified wax and 5000000 pounds of honoy aro exported annually 1f it M from Chile of which Germany purchases about f + 1 CO per cent Great Britain 15 per cent Franco 1k 15 per cent and Belgium and the Argentina I fir Republic 10 per cent the product being pronounced pro-nounced fine In quality and bringing top prices at all times In the markets Wild honoy Is found In abundance throughout J Mexico ana especially In the forests of tho Algarroba Al-garroba tree whoso flowers through a long I blooming season are alwayn a favored sourco of supply to the boo The industy of gathering tho honey In tho old days was followed chiefly p for tho purpose of obtaining tho beeswax which a formed a valuable material In the manufacture of candles consumed In tho ceremonies of tho church E Hives were found among tho rocks and suspended sus-pended from trees and tho natives In gathering the honoy smoked out tho bees with little regard re-gard to what became of hem eventually Mexico exports annually about 90000 In strained honey most of which is shipped to tho United States Germany and England and Imports Im-ports about 50000 In comb honoy most of q which comes front the United States Unglnnrt a and Germany and a small amount even from L t China Over 25000 pounds of wild honey aro annually exported from the port of Tamplco and tho Industry of In m + dustry has become ono groat Importance that district An interesting honeycollecting ant Is also found In Mexico which lives In underground I chambers and gathers honey from the numerous wild flowers and plants A certain number of these ants remain at homo and are used as living h liv-ing storehouses They aro fed honey by the workers until they swoll to about the size of a pea and during tho seasons when honey Is not obtainable they regurgitate their supplies drop by drop as food for the colony Wild honey IB found In groat quantities In the Z woods near San Juan del Norto Nicaragua but n Is not exported to foreign markets owing to a strong local demand throughout tho Inland 4 towns and villages where It lu ulwayd readily R purchased tion and consumed by tho native onula wt t f |