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Show 0 EMPIRE m D U4 tod' -- Hi I) oer. i - r irnir n m 4 md four, XLF way coaBt of jm Jwn the Atlantic ness men, they paid him large sums to Moorish em- the go away and not restrain trade. about opposite Typical of this same Sultan Mulal pire, an rises out of Hassan's attitude Charleston, what Is the sea the little port of called progress and Improvement in S Is the western woild Is an which Casablanca, anecdote, the hite the as authenticity of which 1 feel I can i known . m every language that is vouch for. There and still are It Is white some dangerous rocks In the harbor along the coast latiful. If yo lle ,n the offlnK of Rabat, and the owners of the coastLike all the rest of ing steamers engaged in the Morocco ,Ie4r night. Mohamme-icrld- , trade were anxious, for obvious reaand, Indeed, the Is best sebn sons, to have them removed. Having Casablanca s failed to interest the local governor in and to s pale moonlight, ' Bonsai the matter, the steamship men got toin the Stephen gether and sent an envoy to Fez, who fork Times. that the companies conVbv salee, at the very name of requested ancestors cerned might ,be allowed to remove oar New England these dangers to commerce at their Wnt down to the sea in ships own expense. wont to shudder, and with good a sand bar. closed now by Sultans Wily Answer. ti a oven the daring Barbary co"Certainly not, was the sultan's rvid not dare to ctobs in their immediate answer, "the rocks were feluccas, but the Moor of still a pirate, put there by God for some good purad country Is pose, let no man dare to remove the times have driven him them." the seas. Until recently he What the sultan doubtless thought 4 upon the passing caravans as was that foreign could get down with he swooped ury ago Into the Atlantic ports of his empire be-our awklike galleys upon quite easily enough, and at all events wiling ships. The Kabyle tow-ar- tod""2 1 1 . nln e oCo.it" JS8 sar wind-write- I MffOtD, tltUki " 8 . ItUto ww tod , 8U. tndSli- - Ill oloji dipot idOretmis gj men-of-w- 4 SN'ICEOr 3lmglntci' St. Logu Penoaiii, Jittluj Cu of Ticket Ajo ill Like 0: sen who he did not wish to appean In the eyes rubh with so much fury to the French of his sullen people as facilitating the do it not only exits and the entrances of the hated of the isc they have a hatred ian which their church Banctl-,a virtue, but because they are at iag to death and want to get tea who have taken the bread out tekless daring up lew and rifle pits, -- o ieir mouths. Plains and Paaaea. y these dashing horse-whos- e gorgeous coBtumes and be-weapons made them most id if somewhat barbaric ob-tbehold, were the lords of 'the i and the marshes which lie be-- a the western Soudan and the urns of southwest Morocco. They the masters of transportation in of the world, and had to be faed with. If yob cared to take a an flight In ostrich feathers, gold ilaves, or salt, they would pro-m- i or pillage you, whichever was a years ago 4 20,-00- o LDI ICUN ProvwV aoit leCu it wi F CHAET urefor as, Fila elief. WiIJii, wlork. profitable. - who was and Is the man In this part of or!d, used to rebate and cut rates like all the other, masters of sportation, and just like you and would give a caravan protec-i- t his price or he would pillage secure the just tolls which were is he never doubted, by the divine of might. Boubkehr and his spies and rivals got all they get out of the job without dis-ibusiness or destroying val-u- d would still be doing a profit-uphilanthropic business were for the recent opening up of Western Soudan by the French, luve diverted to their own in- nd profit all the former cara-Td-e from Morocco down to Tim-- " and the Niger. So without ng to be unduly alarmist about situation of the besieged garrl-i- n Uogador and Casablanca it is that their assailants are not I Boubkebr, prominent g 9 of land d h lltlVStiM tate dcr Thoom nied v j thouw fanatlcB. lave been but hungry fanatics quietly put out of a profitable and gentlemanly busl-hic- h permitted them the of often paying one hun-twdollars for a carbine, 'which Fork would have been dear at e rcs. dashing I to bnrdermen were government by the imperial D.8S? A Moorish Soldier. Christians. The policy of his little son, z has been much more libfrom the western view point and eral, more enlightened, and is, sad to relate, one of the contributing causes to the nreaent alarming situation. He recently consented to the request of the consular corps and the shippers that harbor Improvements should be undertaken In Casablanca. Whereupon the suspicious Kabyles of the adjacent mountain fastnesses rushed down to the White House city and killed 12 or 15 Europeans, mostly Spaniards, who were engaged upon the work. In making concessions to the European spirit of progress and enterprise, for w hlch his people are not ready, the unlucky and probably most incapable young sultan tins raised a storm which If may cost him his throne. fie stands with his people, he Is threatened with a foreign expedition, while if he stands by the treaty he runs even greater and nearer danger at the hands of the various pretenders to the throne, by whose activity the sultan's life has been made very miserable ever since, or almost ever since. By a harem conspiracy and the weakness of Ills father the young prince was called to the difficult post of ruling the Moors. , Present Ruler Unpopular, Abdul Aziz's accession to the throne was a most unopular one, and this fact probably accounts for the fact that early In his reign he surrounded with who, himself with foreigners some exceptions, were not generally men of a high type rope walkers, photographers, balloonists, and Blelght-of-han- d men were the representatives of western civilization who for a long time appealed most powerfully to tho young sultan's appreciation of our culture. In view of the lining tide of discontent and the disaffection even of the people of the capital, and the s growing strength of the various In progress, In the lust year the sultan has dismissed his staff of foreign adventurers and goes to the mosque as regularly as his father did but probably the harm has been done. In Morocco, as well as In other countries, a reputation for orthodoxy ls hard to retrieve. One brother of the unlucky sultan, Mulal Hafid by name, of whose character and lonntngs upon the questions of the day little Is known, has been formally proclaimed sultan In the great mosque at Morocco City. Another brother llaasnn, It Is said, has been exercising rights of sovereignty In the Riff highlands, west of Tetanu and on the Mediterranean coast for two yeats past. In the Sus country another brother, who hours the name Is-of Morocco's greatest sultan, Mulul a mail, Is threatening rebellion with I Abdul-Azi- Sultan on tho March, Merest of ties; they were Immersed in their profitable operations and In annexing own households the most ,f I alnves culled from the pas- 9. smans. 0 Into Whc their the s domains they 'ervatUc, elear headed busi hem the late alive, buU-whcM'llul UaHsan, who was a fight-JreIn their neighborhood, be- - to-da- y To-da- revo-lutlon- The force of fanatical horsemen estimated at 35,000 at his back, while hi the western provinces still slumber the never radically suppressed rebellions of the Rogul and. I u liamara, the benevolent "Father of the Asses, who. with his claim to divine descent and revolution and his wondrous gift of eloquence, exercises a remarkable influence upon the mule drivers and all the other nomadic folk of tho empire. Nations Have Hard, Task. Such In outline is the situation by which France and Spaltf find themselves confronted because of the recognition of their special Interests In the disturbed country, and the police mandate which they received at the conference of the powers at Algeclras. In the light of recent events It would seem not at all unlikely that their diplomatic victory at the conference will entail upon France and 8pain the loss of many thousands of men and many millions of francs, which neither can afford to throw away. The talk of an expedition to Fez, a flying column of 10,000 men, In which the boulevard sheets indulge. Is the sheerest nonsense; or the wildest madness. It would require 150,000 men, all picked troops, to capture Fez, and it would require many thousands more, and require them Indefinitely, to hold the holy city and maintain something approaching law and order in the surrounding country. Portugal was for several hundred years In possession of nearly all the Moorish ports on the Atlantic coast, including Casablanca; indeed, the second title of the ruler of Portugal today Is "King of the Algarves, which refers to the royal pretensions to Moorish sovereignty, all substantial basis to which has long since disappeared. together with the East Indian dependencies Fate of Portuguese Army. It was In 1578 that Dom Sebastian, the chivalrous hero of Portuguese song and stoiy, equipped an army for the purpose of overrunning the whole country. A duke of Leinster and many other gentlemanly adventurers Joined Dom Sebastians standards and began the Journey to the capital, which so many conquerors have undertaken but In which no single one has succeeded, at least not since the day when the green banners of the Prophet of Islam were first flung to the breezes from the battlements of Fez. 0 Dom Sebastian and his army of men, together with the uncounted adventurers who had come together from all over Christendom to follow so gallant and so generous a prince, met their fate In the valley by Alkesar, which is watered y a shallow river generally Identified by historians and geographers as the Llxus of Pliny. There 20,000 men were cut to pieces by the Moorish cavalry, and those who died here by the sword were the fortunate members of the army. According to some accounts, Dom Sebastian and the more notable of his followers, wounded or captives, were taken to Meklnez, where, after they had graced the triumph of the terrible sultan, their conqueror, the greater number of them were burled alive in the city walls. In these same walls are visible many hundred bricked up cells in which on this occasion and at other times of fanatical fury, Christians were Immured while living as a punishment for refusing to recite the fatiha and so become renegades to their creed. The Battlefield of Long Ago. It Is a dreary scene, this long forgotten battlefield, but oqe that the future invaders of Morocco may remember with advantage. I came upon It on one of my journeys in Morocco, and made It an indelible Impression. It had been a very hot day, and we were at first delighted to be wet to the skin as our horses waded, or rather swam, the Lixus. Then the cold Returning from evening breeze began to blow, and the damp fogs to rlso from the graveyard of so much Christian chivalry; indeed, our teeth were chattering and our Jiearts cold before, In the mystic light of the rising moon, we rodo up a mound In the middle of the battlefield which, according to the local legend that may.be true, was built out of the corpses of the Christians who were shiln that day, and was also the coign of vantage from which, when the battle was fought and won, the Emin of the Sultan proclaimed the hour of ptayer and of thanksgiving, the greatness of tho One God of Islam and of Mohammed his Prophet. Ceded to England. After this disaster Portugal gradually withdrew from Morocco, and In 1660 what remained of her conquests were ceded to Englnnd as part of the dowry of the Infanta Catherine of lira ganza, who became Ute wife of Charles II. Another piece of real estate liulud-eIn the dowry hotuuse the King of Portugal wns just at thnt moment hoit of cush was the Istund of Bom- - bay. The English wise men of the day thought money could be made ont of Tangier, but no thought was paid to Bombay. All of which goes to show how uncertain are real estate ventures in an International as well as in a local sense. Out of the occupation of Bombay has grown the Indian empire and much wealth and I believe much honor to the British, but out of the occupation of Tangier, from which so much of we-iltanud pelf was expected, came only haid knock? and final defeat. In Tangier the English held on grimly 20 years, and it was here, fighting with the Moorish cavalry on the beach, that handsome "Jack Churchill, who was to become the conqueror of Malplaquct and other fields which illustrate the history of the British arms, first blooded his THE HORRORS OF WAR. Death Losses of Civil War Compared with Those of Other Wars. The titanic nature of the struggle between the stutes from 1861 to 1865 is blowly dawning upon the world. In the annals of warfare It was the most deadly conflict ever known. Self piescrvailon, the first law of compelled the north to put forth its strength to the limit of possibilities, whllo the south once committed to the d i earn of successful rebellion, fought with the mad com age of des, perate resolve. For four cais the watfare was un-0- I ceasing. The northern soldiers suf- th anthem cli- mate and the discuses engendered in ap unuccustomed way of life as well, while the killed and wounded numbered, lu the union army alone, 385,-21Of theBe, 109,893 were killed outright on llie field of buttle; 199,721) died from diseases while the war was going on. A death roll of 319,613. Comparing th" two great battles, Waterloo and Gettysburg, a military writer diaws attention to the fact that, while the same number of men were on the field In these battles, 152,-00all told, tlie losses at Gettysburg exceeded the losses at Waterloo, considering the casualties to the troops At Waterloo the actually engnged. loBses were 49,485, and at Gettysburg 50,528. It id remembered that 14,000 men (tie Sixth corps) were not en- gaged at Gettysburg except for a short time, early on the morning of July 2. This runs up the percentage of losses In the American battle, considering the number of men engaged. Throughout the civil war the loss of life on both bides was frightful, writes Ada C. Sweet, In Chicago Journal Looked at even now, after the lapse of years, the record Is dreadful In the union army to contemplate. there were 75 regiments whose losses ran from 50 to 85 per cent. The First Minnesota went into action at Gettysburg with 262 officers and men. It lost 224 killed and wounded. The Twentieth Massachusetts, at Fredericksburg, lost over 68 per cent, of Its membership, and came out of the fight commanded by a captain who was. in years, a mere boy. Flckett, the confederate general, led 5,000 brave men In bis great charge at Gettysburg, and In 30 minutes lost in killed, wounded and prisoners, 3,000. The bloodiest battle of the civil war was Antietam, and the losses were the most appalling In a short space of time unless we except Cold Harbor, where the union forces lost 4,000 men In eight minutes. When we see the veterans In their parades, or engaged In their work along the ordinary jays of life, distinguished only by the bronze buttons that some of them wear, we do not realize what these men have gone ' h Btory of American Cavalry Which Outdid the Famous Light' Brigade. the Eighth Pennsylvania at Chancel-i- " with the famous charge of Immortalized by the The English command, Tennyson. said the speaker. In which everybody knew that "some one had blundered," numbered, officers and men, 637. It lost killed, 113; wounded, 131; total, 247, or 36.7 per cent. Gallant and brave as this, charge 'was," Col. Bentley declared, "It was lorsville Light-Brigad- na-tiu- r, 5. F t 5 f , ! ; 1 1 0 One of the Gates of Fez. lance. Churchill served here two years and then was so fortunate as to secure a change of garrison to a place where there was not so much thankless fighting, but the English government, reluctant as ever to give up a corner of land that has once been painted red, hung on to the wedding present of the luckless queen for a generation. On one occasion the earl of Tevlott, the British governor, Forward They Sprang. with most of his officers and a large tame beside the charge of the Eighth portion of the garrison, was surprised Chancellors-vllle- , by the vigilant Moors, and but few Pennsylvania cavalry at led by Maj. Keenan, where never 20 After lives. with their escaped a man returned. Our right had been years of constant warfare, harassed turned by Stonewall Jackson, and at trucua and and tireless day night by lent enemy, the keepers of John the critical moment, Keenan charged Bulls treasury counted up the cost, to check the advancing column, in orand shortly after the figures were der to gain time to enable our artillery known Tangier was abandoned, and to be pul In place. It was certain so the second attempt of the conquest death; no blunder or mistake, but duty, and It was bravely done. of Morocco failed. George Parsons Lathrop described Spain Had Enough. this great charge, and although the In 1859 the Spaniards, under O'Don- splendor of the action can not be nell, invaded Morocco, bent upon ob- matched in words, his tribute gives through. We have all been taught lo respect taining satisfaction for undoubted In- a most vivid picture of an event awful honor but it Is only when and juries at the hands of lawless Moors, and sublime In Its devotion to duty. we look at them, records of death and the and perhaps with thoughts of permafollows: It devotion which are wrlttcp in the nent conquest If all went well. As a But suddenly rods a form books of the nation, but left, for the matter of fact, nothing went well. Calmly In front of the human storm, a shout: With stern, most part unread, that we realize commanding enwere men From 40,000 to 60,000 those guns'! "Align what It meant to be one of Uncle gaged for two years, with heavy casu- (We knew It was Pleasanton's.) Sam's soldiers in the years from 1861 cannoneera to from even The losses bent, obey. alties, and greater 18C5. to hla word: with worked will And a at sickness. At the end of the second And the black guns moved aa If they had 1b well to take thought, occasionIt Cas-ti In Panza Sancho campaign, the heard. of all the sacrifices that were ally, Ilian politics got the upper hand of But ah! the dread delay! made that the country might live and . the Don Quixote, proclaimed honor "To wait la crime: that we might exlBt In peace and satisfied, the terms offered by the O God, for ten minutes time! prosperity, a free people upon the Moors all that could be desired, and The general looked around. face of the earth. retired In a blaze of false glory, out There Keenan sat like a stone. of which O'Donnell secured a duke- With hla three hundred horse alone THE ARMY MULE. Less shaken than the ground. dom and many Spanish regiments unpronounceable Moorish names. But Major, your men? His Faithful 8ervices Should Calf 'Then Are soldiers, general. the real results were none. Forth Feeling of Gratitude. beat; Io your major! In 1893 the Moors attacked the Charge, Hold the enemy bark at all cost. of and the Mellila, Spanish possession Till my gun are placed else the army la The thought of the service the Madrid government, if hungry for adlost. mule rendered In the civil war venture, had every opportunity, and You die to save the rest! to endear him to every ought exeven Justification, for a punitive shrouded gleam of the western Jover of our country. The the By great- pedition, but ,very wisely did not aklea. understood value. his Lincoln Brave Keenan looked Into Pleasanton's hearted (A good mule was worth $400 then) eyes For an Instant, dear, and cool and 1111; and the good president asked, when Then, with a smile, he said: I will. told of the fearful slaughter at Antie"Cavalry, charge!" Not a man of them tam: How many mulca were lost? shrank. Their sharp, full cheer from rank to rank We can get more men, but the mules' noae Joyously, with a willing breath places can't be supplied. Hose like a greeting ball to death. AH honor to the mule, 'for the sake Then forward they sprang, and spurred of his noble qualities, for the sake of snd clashed, this glorious country which be helped Bhnuled the odhers, crimson sashed; to save, for the sake of the 4,000,000 Hods well the men, each brave ua hla slaves whose shackles he helped to fellow, In their faded rout, of blue and yellow; kirk loos, and that have Blnce been And above In the air, with an Instim-- i melted into plowshares that be has true, patiently drawn all over the Bouth, IJko a bird of war their pennon flew. pulling along with him the black, man With clank of scabbards and thumb r of holding to the handles behind for all steeds. these and other reasons let the mule And blade that shine like sunlit reeds. stand as our nntlonul emblem In place And strong, broan fiices, bravely pale For fear their proud attempt should fall, of tho discredited and predatory eagle. Three hundred Pennsvlvanhins lose And perish the man who shall attempt On twice ten thousand gallant fos. to pull him down as he certainly will an Expedition. unlcRS he stands afar off.' IJn after line the trooper cum To lh e(Re of th wood that was ringed The Immortal Garfield once said: with flame; avail Itself of the opportunity. It meet a boy In the street never 'I In and sabered and shot and fell; has always seemed lo me that, thanks Bode without feeling like lifting my hat to Nnr rame on hm k Ida wounds to tell. to the travels and researches of the But over them, lying there, shattered and him, so great are the wonderful possl late Padre Lerehtindl and others of mute, bl II tics wrapped up under his ragged a echo death 'TIs rolls? salute his thorough and dell gent school, the What deep From th rannon In place; for, heroes, coat Spaniards understand conditions In "In common with millions of others, , you lirsved Morocco better than men of other Your fill not In vain: tho army la saved' I fed the same way about the mule. 1 nationalities. They showed It at Menever meet one in tho road or pasture llila ten years ago, and I rather think Why He Sent for Her. without ralKlng my hat If I don't he'll "How tines Jt hnppen that Crockett raise It for me. so great are the possithe commanding officer of the Spanish contingent In Casablanca Is snow- sent for his wife to come home from bilities tied up In hla wondei fully conwhen he refc-eto ex- the seashore and stay with him two structed hind legs. ing It pose his men outside the City to the weeks? they queried. "I thought he time withrui Ions tl'lvlng charge of tie Moorish wan having such a bang-uUnconscious Labor. out her? niTgiilur cnvatiy "Did you ever notice these people He wns," they replied. "He was who work their fuces every sort of Industry in Alabama. having too hang up a time, In fact, lle way when they are cutting a piece of Alabama la now producing aa much got dead broke. Ills wife has the meat? ho asked. "Now Just look pig Iron aa Pennsylvania did a quarmoney, you know. That was why." across there at the man at that table ter of a century ago. In 1887 tho there,-south made a trifle more than 800,000 Placing the Blame. said she, as she looked "Yes, tons, (.ant yenr It made 3,500,000 Recently published reinlnlHrencee across, but they are not a patching tons. The south has about one half of Carl Schur put severe blame on to the old women who open and shut the known Iron oies of the United Gen. O. O. Howard for the union tie Suites. A gnat s'.eel industry has (eat at Ch uieellorevtlle. Gen. Howard tlnir mouths as they cut something nr other with their long scissors.' In Aluhama within the r piling up makes a gallant and clever reply hint ten viuts, mid It Is said to proTho whole blame, he sny, for that de Attributes of a Good Critic. duce better . steel rails than the (eat rests upon Gen. "Stonewall Jack A wise skepticism Is tho first nerth. a'ld at lower cost. son the comedo: ute commander. of a good ctiMc, 1j well , to-en-y ! i; i 7, s ; i. ? i |