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Show ERECTING FARM Easy, Quick and Thorough Way of ing the Work. 'XUVll H'i WIRE FENCB. Do In erecting woven wire fence, If you wish to put up a big string In a day and do a good job, it is neces J sary to know where to take hold and what to do so as not to lose valuable time. Bear in mind the old ad ago, a GETTING A SUPPLY OF FUEL. stitch In time saves nine. When haulexSome Suggestions vn to Methods ing fence to the Hold where you to put It up, notice which way It pect Make Work Will Which the Easy. unrolls and drop It at the right end, so you will not have to roll or load It of We have tried several ways and haul It to the other end ot of fuel, againfield. getting up tho year's supply the Don't put It up wrong side but have finally settled on the folout, especially along the public road. In a 'writer Orange lowing plan, says Of course, you will not think of Judd Farmer. Fell the trees on the those end posts. There are slighting so a small with under, sapling ground a log chain can be passed beneath. many ways, but for me, I have found no better method to anchor an end post or hang a gate than the on shown in the accompanying cut. . af...-"-- g Now, the advantage Is, you can still have your bowlder to tlo to, and not be In the road of your gage given the wire or wires. I use two No. f ' wires, and wrap around the end post Fig. 1. Lodging Bob. at ground line, then drive staples, ' Then a logging bob (Fig. 1) Is tipped and it will help to keep your post up on Its side neai the large end of from turning. Now, If you have done the log; a chain Is hooked to the this and anchored all low posts yon bolster near the ground, passed under are ready to put on the fence. the log and over the top runner of the I always set the roll of fence up bob and the team hitched to the end on end beside the end post and un team of the chain. A quick pull of the roll enough to go around the end and the bob comes down on both run- post and splice. Did you ever think ners, with the log on top of the bol- how you would put in a new end post ster. , If necessary? If you do you will sure' The log is now drawn to some shel- ly need the wire It takes to go around tered place near the woodhouse and the end post, and by wrapping around sawed into stove lengths with a the end you will save some of the crosscut saw on the skldway shown la side pull. Now, If you have put your Fig. 2. The limbs are trimmed In the fence on the head post straight there Is no reason why It should not pull straight unless the fence Is poorly made, In which case you will need te keep sweet and do the best you can. As you likely have your tools In the wagon or buggy, lny the fence down and run your gas pipe through the roll. Have short chains around' the axle to gas pipe, then drive for the other end of the fence. Be sure te Fig. 2. Skidway. keep your fence clear of snags and woods, drawn on a pair of bobs to roots while stretching. thifo-horse the shop, where we have a If, there are one or more wires that e pr-e- r power boiler and are much lighter than the others. engine, and are sawed at the rate take wrench and loosen the bolt that of 1 cord an houi with a buzz saw. holds these wires, and let them slip A bandy device can be made of two back. You need not be afraid that crotched limbs, as hhown in Fig. 3, to the ywill go very far. Now, if there saw large limbs on. A auger should be a slack wire, says Orange Judd Farmer, loosen at clamp bar and pull it out wtlh your hand stretcher, which you can easily do. If you have greased your staples, you are ready to finish up the job quickly, and yoe should be able, by knowing just where Fig. 3. Handy Sawhorse, to take hold, to put up 100 to 200 rods bole Is bored where the limbs branch, a day on level ground, and do a and a hardwood limb driven tightly good Job. In the hole. We had a large number of trees PUMPING WATER UNDERGROUND. blown over several years ago, leaving a mass of earth and roots on the 8yitem Which the Farmer Can Put In for Himself. stumps. Most of tTe trees were too far from the ground to saw. We found the following described device To' run water under1 ground with a (Fig. 4) very handy to hold and low wooden pump la sometimes conveni er the trees after rawing the stump ent especially when one does not like AA, planks with holes bored In an Iron pump. This can be done with them; B, log; C, chain; D, crotched a 14 inch pipe, as long as the e limb;, EE, lever; FF, Iron pins. end Is over 1 foot lower off. It is made of two hardwood the spout of the pump, and the place planks about 8x5 Inches and 1 Inch thick, bolted together at the top and bottom, with a space between for the lever to work In. One-Incholes are bored through the sides of both planks, in which iron pins are placed for the lever to pry over. The lever Is made of white ash, and has two notches near the large end, with v. ' . (Di RIBERY Trial in San Francisco One That Will Be Watched with Deep Interest Ly Wall Steect Supreme Test of Francis J. Heney 's Graft-Ridd- California Jb en Work In Prosecution of Schmitz 'and Ruef Idle, He Says; if Calhoun Is Not to Be l-'1- PuhisheJ as Well of John C Calhoun Accused Man a Grartdsoh and a Millionaire Many Times Over' .EW Until little over two years ago the newspaper reading public outside the Pacific coast cities bad heard little or nothing of Patrick Cal houn, the president of the United Railways of San Francisco, whose trial on the charge of bribery has begun in that city. Of Ruef and Schmitz the "boss" and the mayor of San Franciscoand their docile pack of supervisors much has been printed. It Is in connection with Calhoun's alleged payment of $200,000 to Ruef and Schmitz and the city council as a bribe in order to get a franchise permitting the traction system to be changed from cable to overhead trolley that ' Calhoun Is on trial. Wall Street will watch this trial the calling to the bar of justice of Patrick Calhoun, the traction lord, the hunman of millions, the strong-jaweter wlith the Wall Street pack with an Interest such as has attended no criminal prosecution . in America for many years. Half the people In Wall Street know Calhoun. His office is In No. 30 Broad street, and from there he directs the great interests of which he is the head. Wall Street credits him with being the biggest influence in California affairs next to Harriman, andthe street has the same respect and fear for each of them, for both Harrfman and Calhoun are magnificent fighters and never give and never ." ask quarter. Calhoun has for his chief prosecutor Francis J Heney, the man who drove United States Senator Mitchell into disgrace and a felon's garb; who also seared with the lash of the law the great timber thieves men of standing and substance, but who nevertheless were shameless plunderers of the treasures of the vast public domains in the west and northwest. He put Eugene Schmitx In state prison and made Abe Ruef a dweller In a cell clothed in. a convict's striped suit After the "Real Bones." Heney says that In prosecuting Schmitx and Ruef he dealt only with the "hired hands" of the corruption-lst- s of San Francisco, but that In prosecuting Calhoun he will be going after one of the real bosses. Heney ascribes to Calhoun the same political mastery over San Francisco and the same political corruption that the world at ' large ascribes to the Union and Southern Pacific railroads In relation to the whole state of California. If a man like Calhoun Is to be prosecuted as a criminal because business has made It necessary for public service corporations to be Intimate with political bosses and the gangs that trail at their heels, wherein Is a business man safe these days? asks Wall Street That Is what Wall Street would like to know, And that la why Wall Street is nervous over the case and Is watching the Calhoun trial with so much YORK. d interest , Patrick Calhoun Is one of the most forceful and Interesting characters that has been lifted Into prominence In the past few years In the course of the exposures of municipal corruption that have been going on In several cities. Whether he Is a msch maligned man or one of the biggest wolves of a predatory pack Is something that his trial may throw light upon, though It may not decide It definitely. Grandson of Great Man. He is a grandson of that great South Carolinian, John C. Calhoun, and the most noted of that famous statesman'! decendants. Indeed he seems to pos sess In his Intellectual equipment many of the strong traits of his distinguished ancestor. Patrick Calhoun Is a remarkable man as a . money ' maker and a financier. Calhoun Is said to have aa unerring scent for money, like all the great financiers. In the early eighties the trail led blm to Cleveland, O. Those were "boom" days all over the United States, and especially In Cleveland Euclid avenuo, which Is the fashion able thoroughfare of that citycor responding to Fifth avenue In New York was quite dormant so far as real estate speculation was concerned. Calhoun saw that a lot of people la Cleveland were llkelv to get rich aulckly and need handsome homes lie decided that there was a mint of money to be made In real estate along tho thoroughfare named after the father of geometry. So be went after It and bunted out the bunches of do! , ' t lars with such speed and thoroughness that by 1889 he had accumulated a fortune, generally estimated at $2,000,000. Then he retired from active work In Cleveland and returned to New York. Two millions Isn't a great deal nowadays, but when a man comes back to town with that much money there Is some sniffing about down Wall Street way to see what chance there is of taking It away from him. There seemed to be little chance of doing this with Calhoun, and so it was not long before he had a strong following of friends as friends go in that part of Manhattan. They were powerful financially, and saw in Calhoun a man who was likely to make money for them If they hunted with him. He did. Whenever he saw a chance to get something valuable for less' than It was worth and his instinct, always a little keener even than that of bis associates, rarely misled him he got It and added it to his collection. Saw His Opportunity. In the early nineties the scent of much money came faintly to Calhoun from San Francisco, and he went thither. What is now two-hors- strike must be crushed at any cost. cars of the United Railway are run He got James Farley, the noted strike- by that sort of motive power to-da- the traction combine the United Railways of San h rancisco was in those days a lot of separate lines. The key to them all was the system that had Its tracks in Market street a thoroughfare 200 feet wide, double the width of the broad streets and avenues in this city, and the main artery of the town's traffic. 'This property and some of the tributary lines they all run Into Market street was controlled by Messrs. bloss, Hellman and Gersel not jointly but as Individual representatives of some pf the great banking interests on the coast How Calhoun got hold of the Market street line and of all of the feeders to it and of all the subur ban lines as well Is a long and pic turesque story. The United Railways of San Francisco finally was organized in ius. At the same time that the traction combine company was Incorporated under the laws of California there was organized also the United Railways In vestment Company of San Francisco, a holding company which took posses sion of all the stock of the traction company except 11 shares necessary to qualify certain directors. The man' ner of purchase of the San Francisco lines was simple. Calhoun's new company got the whole thing for about $18,000,000. They Issued bonds against the property to pay for it and retained the common stock, amounting to some $20,000,000. There also was some $25,' 000,000 of preferred stock, some of which was turned over to the sellers aa a part of the purchase price. The stork of the Investment company was $10,000,000 at first, but this was increased In 1906 to $25,000,000. This made a total of about $70,000,000 cap! talllzatlon In the two companies, aa against a purchase price of $18,000,000. Of course there were a great many millions of bonds of both companies besides, Made Properties Pay Weil. v . The separate units of the streot rail way system had not been prospering to any marked degree before they were united In one company by Cal houn. Economy In operation, for one thing, put them on a paying basis quickly. The common stock of the In vestment company soared to close to par. Other companies In other cities were bought with some of this stock and some 6f the bonds. In 1903 the Sau . Francisco company controlled some lines of the St. Louis tramway The system and that of Pittsburg. St Louis company has passed out of the Investment company's hands, but It still holds the Pittsburg tramways. Probably if the earthquake had not shaken and the fire dost royed 'San Francisco In 1906 the stock of the traction combine would have been between $70 and $100 a share In the market These disasters, add' ed to the six months' bitterly fought strike that preceded .them, sent the stock down so that last year in the time of depression It was selling around 12 for the common and 27 for the preferred. Now the common Is In the 30a. The strike on the United Railways brought the bulldog grit and fighting qualities of Calhoun more Into public notice than anything else he had done or that bad happened to blm previously. He bad made up hit mind that the - to-da- breaker, from New York. Farley, took with him his best lieutenants and some of his hardiest men, and had others sent from various points in the west, where he had men waiting for When Far juBt such an emergency. ley reached San Francisco and saw Calhoun the latter said to him: You've got to run cars on Market street as often as you can and on cer tain other lines at stated intervals in order to hold our franchises. I don't care how you do it, but it roust be If you can't do it with your done. own men I'll take a gun and go out ' and help you." Crushed the Strike. The cars that ran In San Francisco the next few weeks were filled with armed men. There were practically There were no other- - passengers. many sharp encounters between the s and the desperate equally desperate men who were striking. A great many shots were fired and a few men killed. The only safe place for Farley was In President Calhoun's own house, which was heav ily guarded and which was not seri ously molested. Calhoun went about San Francisco through yelling, shooting crowds quite as fearlessly as Farley, who was used to that sort of thing. After a few weeks Farley's men bad gotten control - of the situation, and their chief went elsewhere to another job. The strike was not actually over for two or three months, however, and finally It was crushed completely, owing to Calhoun's Iron nerve and tenacity of purpose. It passed Into history as one of the most bitterly fought traction atrikes in the history of America. Then came the earthquake and fire, and shortly after this was the alleged bribery of the supeYvlsors, for which Calhoun is to stand trial. The earthquake had damaged the cable system so that It was not possible to repair It except at a cost that practically would ruin the tramway company. There are 16 steep hills In San Francisco, and It was thought by many experts that an electric system would not work successfully, as the cars could not be controlled on the heavy grades. But the overhead trolley' was the cheapest means of rehabilitating the transportation lines. Therefore Calhoun made formal application to the city for the privilege of installing that system. The matter languished. The former owners of the property and others saw a chance to buy it in cheap, and may have used various means of delaying the granting of the new franchise that Calhoun asked for. Meantime money was flowing Into San Francisco from all parts of the country for the relief of the sufferers from the great disaster.. Ths Bribery Deal. ' Just aboutAlleged this time Calhoun depos Ited some $200,000 In the United which was the States only financial Institution open, ail the banks having been put out of business temporarily by the earthquake and fire. Whether the money was for relief purposes or bribery Is the question. It Is alleged Calhoun paid this money with the full knowledge that Ruef and Schmitz would get It, and that the trolley franchise would be bis In return. Sure enough, Ruef and his followers did got hold of this $200,000 and the board of supervisors granted the franchise for the overhead trolley that Calhoun bad prayed for. The strike-breaker- That, In brief, is how the alleged bribery by Calhoun came about The mayor of the town' was Eugene Schmitz, once orchestra leader in a concert hall, and later the boss of all the labor organizations that ruled San Francisco. Ruef was a Republican ward politician. Ruef and Schmitz got together and Ruef showed Schmitz how money could be squeezed from San Francisco like water from a wet sponge. The whole machinery of the municipal government was organized lor, plunder with unequaled thoroughness. If a corporation retained Ruef as attorney that corporation got what it wanted provided it paid In a lump sum in advance the big fee that Ruef exacted for his "counsel." The su pervisors there were only two honest men out of 18, the court records show always got their bit Ruef and Schmitz became millionaires. Direct Cause of Trouble. Even the earthquake did not dull the rapacity of the grafters it only whetted it At this time came Mr. Calhoun's desire for an overhead trolplaced ley and his unfortunately There was a $200,000 contribution. tremendous public clamor at once, and the graft prosecution was started. Rudolph Spreckels, James D. Phelan and other millionaires subscribed to a fund which Spreckels guaranteed per sonally. should not be less than $100,-00all for the purpose of seeing that the guilty grafters should not go of justice. Francis J. Heney, the special prosecutor of Oregon lumber thieves, was summoned to San Francisco to take charge of the prosecution. Schmitx was driven from office, being convicted of extortion. He was allowed to go free under $345,000 ball, the highest state courts finding that his conviction was Illegal. Prosecutor Heney says he will be tried again. Ruef's ball was fixed at $800,-00and, not being able to raise that vast sum, he has spent nearly two years In jail, with the prospect of many more now staring him in the face. The grafting supervisors, whom it Is alleged have confessed, have thus far gone scot free and have never disgorged a penny of their Illegal proflta. Heney Will Push Cases. Calhoun, Tirey L. Ford and William M. Abbott, officials of the United Railways, also were Indicted for bribery. Ford has been tried three times, but no conviction has been obtained. Abbott and Calhoun are to be brought to the bar. Francis J. Honey, the square-jaweprosecutor, who has, had charge of these cases, was In New York the oilier day. He was asked what hopes he had about convicting Calhoun. "I iiope to obtain a conviction," ba answered. "Ford's going free on the bribery charge will not help Calhoun. The public sentiment seems to be that Ford was but a servant who did only what he was told to do. The business men of San Francisco would make an awful clamor if Calhoun was convicted. They have already. They claim that 1 ought to quit after I've Inlshed with Schmitz and Ruef and that It's going to hurt business to go m up after the big fellows." Hut whether California wants Calhoun convicted or not, he must go to trial, ' and If he Is convicted well, here will be a re adjustment of political dealing by Wall Street financiers. :t hurts a millionaire to go to jail. . -- 0, die-gorg- ltii h - if. if . i Diagram of the Plan. where the pipe Is connected to the pump must be abovo the bucket of the pump. If the pipe Is 4 feet under ground, says Prairie Termer, It will not freeze In ordinary weather Fig. 4. Log Jack. unless unduly exposed.' We have a a ohaln link attached midway be- pipe arranged like the one shown ia tween notches. A stout log chain Is the accompanying Illustration and hooked In the link, passed under the pump water Into a tank about 40 feet log, and attached to a crotched limb away under a driveway, and we never leaning slightly against the opposite have any trouble with It. side or the tog. By working the small end of the lever up and down and U8E OF MANURE. moving up one 'hole at a time, a good sized tree can be raised from the ground high enough to be sawed Result of Experiments Made by Some English Farm Experts. easily without a backache. the-pin- s ALL AROUND THE FARM. Corn following a poor stand of alfalfa gave 11 bushels per acre more than the check test In some Alabama experiments. Make a good work bench this win- ter. You never can entirely rid your saw of rust If once It gets a bold on the steel. So keep It off, If you wish to have nice bright saws. Let all useless fences go; can't afford to keep them, A little brain work during this winter will be a saving for leg work next summer. , Prepare for the spraying campaign. If you haven't a good pump and attachments, better order the necessary outfit loon. If It Is wrong for a man to have a diseased eow In his herd, why should It not be considered just as much so to let a tree covered with Insect pests, or affected with somt bad disease, stay , In the orchard? Twenty tons of barnyard manure per acre was slightly more profitable than the use or ten tons, when the price was not more than 96 cents per ton. This was determined In some English experiments. A light dressing or barnyard manure with a suitable application of commercial fertilizers was more profitable than the use of barnyard manure Alone. The result also indicated that large and profitable crops or potatoes can be grown with the use or a complete mixture or commercial fertilizers. "When barnyard manure Is to be used In conjunctloe with commercial fertilizers the following application per acre Is recommended: Barnyard manure, ten tons; ink pr.ate of ammonia, 150 pounds; superphosphate, 400 pounds, muriate of On land well pot at h. 150 pounds. stored with hunum, or on soils which have been ltbrally treated with d manure In previous years, the use per acre or 250 pounds or sulphate or ammonium, 600 pounds or super phosphate and 250 pounds of muriate of potash Is considered adequate for sntJnfnctorv crops. bar-yar- |