Show iti THE SOIL late proving chat it 11 poes dors not ot lay to lo let laud land la 3 idle 1 many beligo ehlt tant a soil gains fertility by redoing froin culta culli V 0 n and a n d that gehis his thrown I 1 h row n nut ou t of brat ife e cultivation v ill t lo 10 u 11 for tt f drw w HM hlll ill IH be restored to it at least leu it it ni nta 11 con lillou of fertility lily without tile thu use of inan manure tire thia we think Is 14 fk A ill ail 41 i tike anil andaca ai a general principle plo Is 14 wrongly based u upon pon till 1111 erroneous view of tho the fautin act I 1 in tho h 0 caw ca 9 formerly thid belief mili aa more inore prevalent that than it li Is now I 1 in a Eu glaud w oliero here callows fil loB in conomon use were babe d upon it and it Is still widely prevalent in the south where borothy bor otho the old field is s it in vogue and is really a must per clOus rua anil costly error jn the ilia north this idea lias been abandoned and in ilia writ west it bad riot not act lome come co consideration its ideran loll 1011 because tile the time lime lias has aidt yet como fur for iti it in england jt it has haj long boon supposed by farmers that the ilia lind need eil ed a rest at certain intervals so BO ono one year was devoted devo tail to what was called a summer bummer fallow but ir if we suppose iva in 01 0 that athla fallow win was a rest we h ad bo greatly mistaken for on oa tile the contrary it was waa a period 0 of f most laborious culture two or three thre e pl owings anil and several beveral belak given to break up the soil eoll and render it fine and mel low in for the iho sowing of it a W wheat eat crop in some cases it very 1 liberal beral 1 application of manure was 1 plowed 1 lowed tiu derand thoroughly mixed with the ilia soil by the subsequent till ag aal lo 10 in fuel fact the adage tillage is manure was tho the fu fundamental n principle of the pretice of lie he bare bullo fallow W so that the iba idoni of resting tuo tile land or of leaving it to recuperate by rest real from cultivation was no part ot of the english s bastein stean of far fan ruing the old field system of tho south Is really one of resting from floii tut but it I 1 not at tilt all collel stent with ith thol the idea dedi and belief that the I 1 11 ad galna inis fertility by resti resting nj tile the southern souther old fields ure are to weeds and ii a natural growth of if blui U be ber and it Is the ilia accumulated debris ol 01 several this growth which really fertilizes tho the soll soil when ian land iq 1 thrown out ot of cultivation slid and till all vegetation Is ura A 1 I 6 mid and loses lohta bertil hur ty the llie ourt eunive su nive acet hardened by the healing beating rains atilt biked baked by the scorching but BUO ab forbs little water and la Is washed by that bat which falls upon it and flows from it to the nearest streams the youth south ern streams ure are discolored ly ay till this washing og after every heavy aleavy rain and thou thousands sandi of tons ot of soil are carried off from tho the uplands and deposited upon the ovell lowed bottoms which are thus reli rendered dered exceedingly fer tile it follows of conrao cauree unit that i access of ferlia fertility ity to lo these thesa bottoms Is t baloo d at a ithe the expense of the uplands thrown out of cultivation and left to rest but when an old field has hal borne several crops of the p prevalent re valent weeds weeda ahe broom sedge crab arasa pennyroyal and 0 other her plants wh which le h spring up upon I 1 it t 0 or has become covered with ten years growth of timber the gradt gradual ial accretions ifor of or panic matter thus made contribute a large quantity of food to the soll 01 ol aud and this lu in lla its latay decay produces available nitrogen and hufh much carbonic acid which exert eberta a solvent effect upon tits allu oral particles ol of tho ilia soil and add thus both directly and indirectly thin ibis sort of rest tile the fertility af the suit soil it la in not rest in it la Is simply a change ot of crop and exemplifies the truth ol of the file ancient belief referred to by VT ll who wrote thus also alno the th flold belda rest tho the brodu produce ce being changed but 11 he adds there la Is no DO favor to the unplowed land and thus showed that in those filmed the ilea of it a hare bare rallow fallow without lilla was do not t considered a good practice sir bir J B lawes and severa other experimenters whose competence still anil are no cot t quest loric A have shown that the he baro bare soll noil constantly loses losea fertility by the ibe kasae through it of the rin rain water which olt ohp matter its goon ailtie formed by baho q of alow w dao 0 lukie ra patti talo P i of I 1 the mo modern d arn g ji farm ers era has conclusively that the soil does not need a rest that cultivation effects a constant co reduction of a t portion ut ot the soil boll to a soluble con in which it may become fit food for fir plants planta moreover it has been long believed that the separation of oxygen from the atmosphere atmos phero bye by certain erlain finely divided soil release lgee an equivalent portion of no bl borogen rogen which forms forma four fifths fifth a of the bulk of the air from its mix mir ture tore with ith the oxygen and that this nitrogen becomes available at least in some part as jooa food for plants part then it follows that a cultivated crop vuth uch as roots corn beang potatoes toes cotton tobacco Is restful to I 1 lie he noil boll to lo a curtain certain extent if an aile ads quate quantity of mandrola manu rola supplied to make up for the direct demands demanda of it upon the land or if clover or grass la Is grown that this crop also rests resta and refreshed the land by its ita effect upon it which leaves leavea A real due of fertility after the re require q aire crop hayo haye been sup plied m ty r Y times tf |